Ultimate Strength of Steel and Glass Fibre Reinforced Composite Plates With Square Opening Under Axial and Out of Plane Loads

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sundaravadivelu ◽  
P. Alagusundaramoorthy ◽  
M. Suneel Kumar ◽  
S. Rahima Shabeen
Keyword(s):  
Steel Plate ◽  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Combined Loading ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Gfrp Composite ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced

The weight of glass fiber reinforced polymer composite (GFRP) plate is about one fourth of the steel plate and can be used in ship and offshore structures, so that the payload can be increased. However comparative studies on the behaviour of steel and GFRP composite plates with square opening have not been studied in detail. The experimental studies on steel and GFRP plates with and without openings are carried out for the combined loading of axial compression and out-of-plane loads. The in-plane and out-of-plane deflections are measured. The reduction in the axial load carrying capacity of the plates due to out-of-plane load is quantified. The effect of column slenderness ratio and plate slenderness ratio on the collapse load of simply supported stiffened plates is presented. Two sets of interaction equations are developed, one for the steel plate and another for the GFRP composite plate.

Characterization and optimization of hybrid carbon–glass epoxy composites under combined loading

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (18) ◽  
pp. 2593-2605 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Infante ◽  
JFA Madeira ◽  
Rui B Ruben ◽  
F Moleiro ◽  
Sofia Teixeira de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Combined Loading ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Global And Local Optimization ◽  
Plane Displacement ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Hybrid Carbon

This work is intended to characterize the mechanical behavior of hybrid carbon–glass composite plates under combined loading of bending and torsion, and to determine the optimal ply fiber orientations to minimize the maximum out-of-plane displacement under such loading conditions. Hybrid composite plates were manufactured with 10 plies each and different stacking sequences using hand lay-up, with carbon fiber and glass fiber reinforcements in an epoxy matrix. Two experimental setups (involving two distinct boundary conditions) are here considered to test the composite plates, both simulating combined loading of bending and torsion. Numerical simulations of the experimental tests were performed in ABAQUS® and validated with the experimental data. Using the ply fiber orientations as design variables, the hybrid composite plates were then optimized using global and local optimization using direct search (GLODS). The objective function of minimization of the maximum out-of-plane displacement is carried out through an interactive cycle between GLODS and ABAQUS®. Specimens of three optimized laminates were also manufactured for experimental validation. The optimization process contributed to improve the performance of the hybrid composite plates in more than 30% when compared to some non-optimized plates.

scholarly journals GFRP Stiffened Plate with Square Cutout under Axial and Out-of-Plane Load

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1185
Author(s):  
Rahima Shabeen Sirajudeen ◽  
Alagusundaramoorthy P
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Axial Load ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Oil Platforms ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Buckling Behavior ◽  
Out Of Plane

The high-strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance properties of glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites makes them potentially well-suited for application in ship structures, bridges and off-shore oil platforms. These structures are often formed by stiffened plates and are subjected to axial load and out-of-plane load. Cutouts and openings are provided in the plates for access and maintenance. The main objective of this study was to examine the buckling behavior of GFRP-stiffened composite plates with square cutouts under a combination of axial and out-of-plane load up to failure. Four blade-stiffened composite plates without a cutout and four with square cutout were fabricated with stiffeners as a continuous layup of the flange plate using glass fiber and epoxy resin. The initial geometric imperfections were measured, and plate imperfections (Δx), stiffener imperfections (Δsy) and overall imperfections (Δsx) were calculated from the measurements. All fabricated-stiffened composite plates were tested up to failure. The finite element model was developed in ANSYS software and validated with the experimental results. It was observed that GFRP-stiffened composite plates failed by stiffener compression/stiffener tension mode of failure. The presence of out-of-plane loads and cutouts reduced the axial load carrying capacity of the stiffened composite plates.

Design of Cross Ties in Steel Plate Concrete Structures

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinjaya Tan ◽  
Jamshaid Sawab ◽  
Mo Li ◽  
Y. L. Mo ◽  
Feng Qin
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beams ◽  
Plane Shear ◽  
University Of Houston ◽  
Shear Design ◽  
Out Of Plane

Cross ties have been widely used in Steel plate Concrete (SC) structures. It is considered as one of the most effective methods in ensuring the integrity of the SC module when subjected to both flexure and out-of-plane shear. Although there are no specific guidelines for the design of cross ties as shear reinforcement in the current practice, the requirements for reinforced concrete structures specified in ACI 349 has been generally adopted in design. The experimental studies completed at the University of Houston show that a minimum amount of cross ties is required for the SC structures to preserve shear ductility. This amount was found to be greater than the ACI 349 recommendations. In addition, the strength of SC beams could not be predicted by the ACI 349 code. This paper evaluates the applicability of the present shear design methods of reinforced concrete beams to steel plate concrete beams and proposes a set of shear design equations.

Characterization of multilayer delaminations in composites using wavenumber analysis: numerical and experimental studies

2020 ◽  
pp. 147592172093961
Author(s):  
Hanfei Mei ◽  
Victor Giurgiutiu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Laser Doppler Vibrometer ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Finite Element Simulations ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Out Of Plane

Delamination is one of the most common and dangerous failure modes for composites because it takes place and grows in the absence of any visible surface damage. The successful implementation of delamination detection in aerospace composite structures is always challenging due to the general anisotropic behavior of composites and multilayer delamination scenarios. This article presents a numerical and experimental investigation to detect and characterize the multilayer delaminations in carbon fiber–reinforced polymer composite plates using guided waves and wavenumber analysis. Multiphysics three-dimensional finite element simulations of the composite plate with five different delamination scenarios are conducted to provide the out-of-plane wave motion for wavenumber analysis. The out-of-plane results from finite element simulations of one delamination and two delaminations are validated by the scanning laser Doppler vibrometer measurements. It is found that the wavenumber analysis can identify the plies between which the delamination occurs and evaluate the delamination severity by comparing the new wavenumbers due to the trapped waves in the delamination regions, which is potentially related to delamination severity. Both numerical and experimental results demonstrate a good capability for the detection and characterization of multilayer delaminations in composite structures.

scholarly journals Influence of the Type of Adhesive on the Properties of the GFRP Composite Adhesive Joint, Determined on the Basis of the Static T-Peel Test

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Andrzej Kubit ◽  
Tomáš Katrňák ◽  
Tomasz Pytlowany
Keyword(s):  
Peak Load ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Peel Test ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Composite Joint ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Gfrp Composite

Abstract The article presents the results of experimental studies determining the influence of the type of adhesive on the static strength properties of the Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composite joint determined on the basis of the T-peel test. As part of the static tests on peeling joints, a comparison of peak load and stiffness for individual joints was made. The fracture surfaces were also analyzed, showing various failure mechanisms. It was shown that the variant of joints made with the Enguard BP72A polyester adhesive was characterized by the highest strength properties with a mean peak load of 836.73 N.

Multi-objective optimization in end-milling of glass fiber reinforced polymer composites using desirability functional analysis and grey relational analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-408
Author(s):  
M.P. Jenarthanan ◽  
Venkata Sai Sunil Gujjalapudi ◽  
Venkatraman V.
Keyword(s):  
End Milling ◽  
Orientation Angle ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Helix Angle ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Gfrp Composite ◽  
Fiber Orientation Angle ◽  
Grey Relational

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to originate a statistical model for delamination factor, surface roughness, machining force and also to determine and compare the effects of machining parameters (spindle speed, fiber orientation angle, helix angle and feed rate) on the output responses during end-milling of glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRP) by using desirability functional analysis (DFA) and grey relational analysis (GRA). Design/methodology/approach Based on Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array, milling experiments were carried on GFRP composite plates employing solid carbide end mills with different helix angles. The machining parameters were optimized by an approach based on DFA and GRA, which were useful tools for optimizing multi-response considerations, namely, machining force, surface roughness and delamination factor. A composite desirability index was obtained for multi-responses using individual desirability values from DFA. Based on this index and grey relational grade the optimum levels of parameters were identified and significant contribution of parameters was ascertained by analysis of variance. Findings Fiber orientation angle (66.75 percent) was the significant parameter preceded by feed rate (15.05 percent), helix angle (7.76 percent) and spindle speed (0.30 percent) for GFRP composite plates. Originality/value Multi-objective optimization in end-milling of GFRP composites using DFA and GRA has not been performed yet.

Low velocity impact response and damages of GFRP composite tubes under room and cryogenic temperatures

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110293
Author(s):  
Memduh Kara ◽  
Mustafa Arat ◽  
Mesut Uyaner
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Filament Winding ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Composite Tubes ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Gfrp Composite ◽  
Force Time

In this paper, we have investigated the damages of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) composite tubes under the effect of low-velocity impact (LVI) at cryogenic environment conditions and room temperature. A GFRP composite tube consists of 6 layered E-glass/epoxy samples with a ± 55° winding angle, which produced by the filament winding method. Composite tubes either at room temperature or conditioned by liquid nitrogen at different temperature values (273 K, 223 K, 173 K, and 77 K) were impacted at 5, 7.5, and 10 J. Also, force-time and force-displacement graphs were plotted. The damaged regions of the samples were scrutinized. The damage areas of the GFRP composite tubes were smaller as the temperature decreased. However, the energy absorbed at low-temperature conditions was slightly higher than that absorbed in room temperature. Besides, no micro-cracks developed in the composite tubes after cryogenic conditioning.

scholarly journals Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the Perforation Resistance of Double-Layered Metal Shield under High-Velocity Impact of Armor-Piercing Projectiles

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 626
Author(s):  
Riccardo Scazzosi ◽  
Marco Giglio ◽  
Andrea Manes
Keyword(s):  
High Strength Steel ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Metal Shield ◽  
Softening Parameter

In the case of protection of transportation systems, the optimization of the shield is of practical interest to reduce the weight of such components and thus increase the payload or reduce the fuel consumption. As far as metal shields are concerned, some investigations based on numerical simulations showed that a multi-layered configuration made of layers of different metals could be a promising solution to reduce the weight of the shield. However, only a few experimental studies on this subject are available. The aim of this study is therefore to discuss whether or not a monolithic shield can be substituted by a double-layered configuration manufactured from two different metals and if such a configuration can guarantee the same perforation resistance at a lower weight. In order to answer this question, the performance of a ballistic shield constituted of a layer of high-strength steel and a layer of an aluminum alloy impacted by an armor piercing projectile was investigated in experimental tests. Furthermore, an axisymmetric finite element model was developed. The effect of the strain rate hardening parameter C and the thermal softening parameter m of the Johnson–Cook constitutive model was investigated. The numerical model was used to understand the perforation process and the energy dissipation mechanism inside the target. It was found that if the high-strength steel plate is used as a front layer, the specific ballistic energy increases by 54% with respect to the monolithic high-strength steel plate. On the other hand, the specific ballistic energy decreases if the aluminum plate is used as the front layer.

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