scholarly journals Immunohistochemistry of Carbonic Anhydrase Isozyme IX (MN/CA IX) in Human Gut Reveals Polarized Expression in the Epithelial Cells with the Highest Proliferative Capacity

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Saarnio ◽  
Seppo Parkkila ◽  
Anna-Kaisa Parkkila ◽  
Abdul Waheed ◽  
Matthew C. Casey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Ileal Mucosa ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Nih3t3 Cells ◽  
Ca Ix ◽  
Specific Regulation

MN/CA IX is a recently discovered member of the carbonic anhydrase (CA) gene family that has been identified in the plasma membranes of certain tumor and epithelial cells and found to promote cell proliferation when transfected into NIH3T3 cells. This study presents localization of MN/CA IX in human gut and compares its distribution to those of CA I, II, and IV, which are known to be expressed in the intestinal epithelium. The specificity of the monoclonal antibody for MN/CA IX was confirmed by Western blots and immunostaining of COS-7 cells transfected with MN/CA IX cDNA. Immunohistochemical stainings of human gut revealed prominent polarized staining for MN/CA IX in the basolateral surfaces of the enterocytes of duodenum and jejunum, the reaction being most intense in the crypts. A moderate reaction was also seen in the crypts of ileal mucosa, whereas the staining became generally weaker in the large intestine. The results indicate isozyme-specific regulation of MN/CA IX expression along the cranial–caudal axis of the human gut and place the protein at the sites of rapid cell proliferation. The unique localization of MN/CA IX on the basolateral surfaces of proliferating crypt enterocytes suggests that it might serve as a ligand or a receptor for another protein that regulates intercellular communication or cell proliferation. Furthermore, MN/CA IX has a completely conserved active site domain of CAs suggesting that it could also participate in carbon dioxide/bicarbonate homeostasis.

Expression of membrane-associated carbonic anhydrase isoforms IV, IX, XII, and XIV in the rabbit: induction of CA IV and IX during maturation

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (5) ◽  
pp. R1256-R1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Purkerson ◽  
George J. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Rabbit Kidney ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Anion Transporters ◽  
Ca Ix ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Physiological Demands

Several carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms are associated with plasma membranes. It is probable that these enzymes interact with anion transporters to facilitate the movement of HCO3− into or out of the cell. A better knowledge of CA isoform expression in a given tissue would facilitate a systematic examination of any associations with such transporters. We examined the expression of CAs IV, IX, XII, and XIV mRNAs in rabbit tissues, including kidney, heart, lung, skeletal muscle, liver, pancreas, gall bladder, stomach, small intestine, colon, and spleen, using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). CA IV mRNA was mainly in kidney, heart, lung, colon, and gall bladder. CA IX mRNA was restricted to stomach, gall bladder, duodenum, and early jejunum. CA XII mRNA was found in kidney and colon. CA XIV mRNA was localized to heart, lung, skeletal muscle, and liver. The data indicate that there are different patterns of CA expression in various tissues: CA IX was expressed in the proximal gastrointestinal tract, whereas CA XII and CA IV were more distal. CA IV and CA XII are important kidney isoforms. CA XIV was abundant in metabolically active tissues such as liver, heart, lung, and skeletal muscle. Some significant species differences were noted in the expression of some of these isoforms; for example, CA XIV is not expressed in rabbit kidney, despite being abundant in mouse kidney. Maturational studies showed that the expression of CA IX mRNA and protein increased markedly with weaning (∼3–4 postnatal wk) and was well correlated with the maturational expression of the α-subunit of the gastric H+,K+-ATPase, suggesting that function of CA IX and the gastric H+ pump might be linked in the digestion of adult foodstuffs. The unique pattern of membrane-bound CA isoforms suggests different functional associations with transporters, depending on the physiological demands on the tissue.

Carbonic anhydrases in meningiomas: association of endothelial carbonic anhydrase II with aggressive tumor features

2009 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katariina Korhonen ◽  
Anna-Kaisa Parkkila ◽  
Pauli Helen ◽  
Ritva Välimäki ◽  
Silvia Pastorekova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Ii ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Ph Homeostasis ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
Ca Ix

Object Carbonic anhydrase (CA) II and IX are enzymes involved in pH homeostasis and have been shown to be upregulated in several types of cancer. In this study, the authors evaluate the expression of CA II and IX in meningiomas and assess their relationship to patient age, tumor type and grade, tumor sex hormone receptor status, tumor cell proliferation, and tumor recurrence. Methods This study was conducted in consecutive patients who underwent meningioma surgeries at Tampere University Hospital between 1989 and 1999. The expression of CA II and IX was studied immunohistochemically using a tissue microarray technique and specific antibodies. Results Immunohistological staining with CA II and IX was assessed in 443 primary and 67 recurrent tumor specimens. Of these samples, 455 were benign (WHO Grade I), 49 atypical (Grade II), and 6 malignant (Grade III). Endothelial cells in 14.8% of the tumors stained positively for CA II. Tumor cells were positive for CA IX in 11.6% of the cases. Endothelial CA II expression correlated with increasing histological grade (p = 0.002), and tumor proliferation rates were higher in CA II+ versus CA II− cases (p = 0.002). Androgen receptor–negative tumors were found to be CA II+ significantly more often than androgen receptor–positive tumors (p = 0.001). No associations were found with the CA IX enzyme. Conclusions Carbonic anhydrase II positivity in the endothelium was associated with cell proliferation and malignancy grade. These results suggest that CA II expression is associated with malignant progression of meningiomas and could thus be a target molecule for anticancer therapy.

scholarly journals Airway epithelial cells suppress T cell proliferation by an IFNγ/STAT1/TGFβ-dependent mechanism

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (1) ◽  
pp. L167-L173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Deppong ◽  
Jian Xu ◽  
Steven L. Brody ◽  
Jonathan M. Green
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Airway Epithelial Cells ◽  
T Cell Proliferation ◽  
Airway Epithelial ◽  
Specific Regulation

Organ-specific regulation of immune responses relies on the exchange of information between nonimmune and immune cells. In a primary culture model of the lung airway, we demonstrate that T cell proliferation is potently inhibited by airway epithelial cells (ECs). This is mediated by activation of the IFNγ/STAT1 pathway in the EC and transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ)-dependent suppression of T cell proliferation. In this way, the EC can restrict the expansion of T cells. Given the constant exposure of the airway to inhaled antigen, this may be important in setting a threshold for the initiation of T cell-dependent immune responses and preventing unwanted, chronic inflammation.

ultrastructural process of intestinal wound healing

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 1024-1025
Author(s):  
Rick L. Vaughn ◽  
Shailendra K. Saxena ◽  
John G. Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Light Microscopic Level ◽  
Ileal Mucosa ◽  
Wound Model ◽  
Serosal Surface ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Orderly Fashion

We have developed an intestinal wound model that includes surgical construction of an ileo-cecal patch to study the complex process of intestinal wound healing. This allows approximation of ileal mucosa to the cecal serosa and facilitates regeneration of ileal mucosa onto the serosal surface of the cecum. The regeneration of ileal mucosa can then be evaluated at different times. The wound model also allows us to determine the rate of intestinal regeneration for a known size of intestinal wound and can be compared in different situations (e.g. with and without EGF and Peyer’s patches).At the light microscopic level it appeared that epithelial cells involved in regeneration of ileal mucosa originated from the enlarged crypts adjacent to the intestinal wound and migrated in an orderly fashion onto the serosal surface of the cecum. The migrating epithelial cells later formed crypts and villi by the process of invagination and evagination respectively. There were also signs of proliferation of smooth muscles underneath the migratory epithelial cells.

Membrane microdomains: lessons from microscopy

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 776-777
Author(s):  
J.M. Robinson ◽  
J.M Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Membrane Microdomains ◽  
Membrane Domains ◽  
Lateral Heterogeneity ◽  
Functional Importance

Specialized regions of plasma membranes displaying lateral heterogeneity are the focus of this Symposium. Specialized membrane domains are known for certain cell types such as differentiated epithelial cells where lateral heterogeneity in lipids and proteins exists between the apical and basolateral portions of the plasma membrane. Lateral heterogeneity and the presence of microdomains in membranes that are uniform in appearance have been more difficult to establish. Nonetheless a number of studies have provided evidence for membrane microdomains and indicated a functional importance for these structures.This symposium will focus on the use of various imaging modalities and related approaches to define membrane microdomains in a number of cell types. The importance of existing as well as emerging imaging technologies for use in the elucidation of membrane microdomains will be highlighted. The organization of membrane microdomains in terms of dimensions and spatial distribution is of considerable interest and will be addressed in this Symposium.

scholarly journals Distinct Expression Patterns of Carbonic Anhydrase IX in Clear Cell, Microcystic, and Angiomatous Meningiomas

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 1081-1088
Author(s):  
Rati Chkheidze ◽  
Patrick J Cimino ◽  
Kimmo J Hatanpaa ◽  
Charles L White ◽  
Manuel Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Clear Cell ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Ix ◽  
World Health ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Ca Ix ◽  
Hypoxia Marker ◽  
Other World ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Clear cell, microcytic, and angiomatous meningiomas are 3 vasculature-rich variants with overlapping morphological features but different prognostic and treatment implications. Distinction between them is not always straightforward. We compared the expression patterns of the hypoxia marker carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX) in meningiomas with predominant clear cell (n = 15), microcystic (n = 9), or angiomatous (n = 11) morphologies, as well as 117 cases of other World Health Organization recognized histological meningioma variants. Immunostaining for SMARCE1 protein, whose loss-of-function has been associated with clear cell meningiomas, was performed on all clear cell meningiomas, and selected variants of meningiomas as controls. All clear cell meningiomas showed absence of CA-IX expression and loss of nuclear SMARCE1 expression. All microcystic and angiomatous meningiomas showed diffuse CA-IX immunoreactivity and retained nuclear SMARCE1 expression. In other meningioma variants, CA-IX was expressed in a hypoxia-restricted pattern and was highly associated with atypical features such as necrosis, small cell change, and focal clear cell change. In conclusion, CA-IX may serve as a useful diagnostic marker in differentiating clear cell, microcystic, and angiomatous meningiomas.

scholarly journals Effects of Aspergillus fumigatus Conidia on Apoptosis and Proliferation in an In Vitro Model of the Lung Microenvironment

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1435
Author(s):  
Hisako Kushima ◽  
Toshiyuki Tsunoda ◽  
Taichi Matsumoto ◽  
Yoshiaki Kinoshita ◽  
Koichi Izumikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Nih 3T3

Background/Aim: Aspergillus is often detected in respiratory samples from patients with chronic respiratory diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis, suggesting that it can easily colonize the airways. To determine the role of Aspergillus colonization in pulmonary fibrosis, we cultured human lung epithelial A549 cells or murine embryo fibroblast NIH/3T3 cells with Aspergillus conidia in 3D floating culture representing the microenvironment. Materials and Methods: Cells were cultured in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional floating (3DF) culture with heat-inactivated Aspergillus fumigatus (AF) 293 conidia at an effector-to-target cell ratio of 1:10 (early-phase model) and 1:100 (colonization model), and RNA-sequencing and Western blots (WB) were performed. Results: AF293 conidia reduced A549 cell growth in 2D and 3DF cultures and induced apoptosis in A549 spheroids in 3DF culture. RNA-sequencing revealed the increased expression of genes associated with interferon-mediated antiviral responses including MX dymamin-like GTPase 1 (MX1). Interestingly, the decreased expression of genes associated with the cell cycle was observed with a high concentration of AF293 conidia. WB revealed that epithelial-mesenchymal transition was not involved. Notably, AF293 conidia increased NIH/3T3 growth only in 3DF culture without inducing an apoptotic reaction. RNA-sequencing revealed the increased expression of genes associated with interferon signalling, including MX2; however, the decreased expression of genes associated with the cell cycle was not observed. Conclusions: AF affects both apoptosis of epithelial cells and the growth of fibroblasts. A deeper understanding of the detailed mechanisms underlying Aspergillus-mediated signaling pathway in epithelial cells and fibroblasts will help us to understand the lung microenvironment.

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