EXPRESS: Time Periods Feel Longer When They Span More Category Boundaries: Evidence From the Lab and the Field

Journal of Marketing Research ◽

10.1177/00222437211073810 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 002224372110738

Author(s):

Kristin Donnelly ◽

Giovanni Compiani ◽

Ellen R. K. Evers

Keyword(s):

Large Field ◽

Purchasing Decisions ◽

Total N ◽

Equal Duration ◽

Equivalent Boundary ◽

Time Periods

Seven experiments (total N = 3,509) and a large field dataset (N = 1,820,671) demonstrate that time periods of equal duration are not always perceived as equivalent. We find that periods feel longer when they span more time categories (e.g., hour, month). For example, periods like 1:45pm – 3:15pm and March 31st – April 6th (boundary-expanded) feel longer than, say, 1:15pm – 2:45pm and April 2nd – April 8th (boundary-compressed). Reflecting this, participants anticipated completing more work during boundary-expanded periods than equivalent boundary-compressed periods. This effect appears to result from the salience and placement of time boundaries. As a consequence, participants preferred scheduling pleasant activities for boundary-expanded and unpleasant activities for boundary-compressed periods. Moreover, participants were willing to pay more to avoid—and required more money to endure—a long wait when it was presented as boundary-expanded. Finally, data from over 1.8 million rideshare trips suggest that consumers are more likely to choose independent rides (e.g., UberX) when they are boundary-compressed when the alternative shared option (e.g., UberPool) is boundary-expanded. Together, our studies reveal that time periods feel longer when they span more boundaries, and that this phenomenon shapes consumers’ scheduling and purchasing decisions.

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Test-Retest Reliability of the Trauma and Life Events Self-Report Inventory

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.2000.87.3.750 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 87 (3) ◽

pp. 750-752 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J. E. Hovens ◽

I. Bramsen ◽

H. M. van der Ploeg ◽

I. E. W. Reuling

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Life Events ◽

Self Report ◽

First Year ◽

Total N ◽

Male And Female ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Time Periods ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Three groups of first-year male and female medical students (total N = 90) completed the Trauma and Life Events Self-report Inventory twice. Test-retest reliability for the three different time periods was .82, .89, and .75, respectively.

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Fascia lata attachment at the iliac crest: refining our diagnostic criteria of injury on magnetic resonance imaging

British Journal of Radiology ◽

10.1259/bjr.20200187 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 93 (1111) ◽

pp. 20200187

Author(s):

Ali Serhal ◽

Bradley Adams ◽

Imarn Omar ◽

Swati Deshmukh

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Criteria ◽

Iliac Crest ◽

Fascia Lata ◽

Hip Pain ◽

Large Field ◽

Low Grade ◽

Total N ◽

Anatomic Structure ◽

Pelvic Mri ◽

Asymptomatic Patients

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and spectrum of pathology of the fascia lata attachment at the iliac crest (FLAIC) on MRI in asymptomatic patients in order to refine our diagnostic criteria for clinically relevant FLAIC injury. Methods and material: Two readers retrospectively evaluated the FLAIC on each side on coronal large field-of-view short tau inversion recovery images on 100 musculoskeletal pelvic MRI exams performed in patients without hip pain (total n = 200). Pathology of the FLAIC was graded using a 3-point Likert scale and discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Results: Of the 200 FLAIC included in the study, 72.5% demonstrated normal size and signal intensity. Low to moderate grade pathology of the FLAIC was identified in 27% and high-grade partial thickness pathology was seen in 0.5%. No cases of complete FLAIC rupture were identified. Inter rater agreement between the two readers was good (k=0.660, p < 0.001). There was no statistical difference in FLAIC scores according to gender or age. FLAIC score was positively correlated with higher body mass index. Conclusion: Incidental low to moderate grade FLAIC pathology is commonly seen on MRI in asymptomatic patients. Abnormal MRI findings of the FLAIC should hence be correlated with explicit clinical symptoms and physical exam findings. Advances in knowledge: The Fascia lata is a complex anatomic structure. Its attachment to the iliac crest is an under recognized pathology and sometimes overlooked during evaluation for pelvis and lateral hip pain. Evaluation of the FLAIC is easily done with MRI and abnormality should be correlated to the clinical symptomatology as low grade abnormality is frequently seen in asymptomatic population.

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Memory of Love Towards Parents Questionnaire: Development and Psychometric Evaluation

Psychological Reports ◽

10.1177/0033294118809929 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 123 (2) ◽

pp. 546-577 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lawrence Patihis ◽

Mario E. Herrera ◽

Mark J. Huff ◽

Randolph C. Arnau

Keyword(s):

Reliability And Validity ◽

Questionnaire Development ◽

Psychometric Evaluation ◽

Order Effects ◽

Single Factor ◽

Internal Reliability ◽

Total N ◽

Fixed Order ◽

Time Periods ◽

Important Time

We document the development of the Memory of Love towards Parents Questionnaire—for use in multiple areas of psychology. It is designed to measure current feelings of and memory of love towards a specific parent during important time periods in childhood. In all samples (total N = 1527), we consistently found high internal reliability. We report the basic psychometrics of the 28-item subscale version in both undergraduate and US nonclinical adult samples and identified 10-item and 4-item subscale versions. The Memory of Love towards Parents Questionnaire has eight subscales: assessing mother and father separately during first, sixth, and ninth grade, as well as current feelings. We found a pattern of correlations that one would expect between existing attachment scales and the Memory of Love towards Parents Questionnaire. A factor analysis demonstrated that Memory of Love towards Parents Questionnaire items capture something different from the factors in established attachment measures. We found that the order of the subscales can be presented in a fixed order (mother-first and chronologically) without large order effects. The Memory of Love towards Parents Questionnaire demonstrated a single factor within subscales, reliability, and validity. The Memory of Love towards Parents Questionnaire can be used in clinical, social, developmental, and cognitive psychology.

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The influence of drinker device on water use and fertiliser value of slurry from growing-finishing pigs

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an12136 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 328 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. Alvarez-Rodriguez ◽

B. Hermida ◽

J. Parera ◽

H. Morazán ◽

J. Balcells ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Use ◽

Growth Pattern ◽

Negative Association ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Season Length ◽

Cool Season ◽

Total N ◽

Time Periods ◽

Fattening Period ◽

Crossbred Pigs

This study assessed the effect of drinker type on water use and slurry characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. A total of 124 crossbred pigs [20 kg of bodyweight (BW)] were allotted to 16 pens (3–4 pigs/pen) in two time periods during the cool season (length: 97 days each). Drinker devices were: (1) pig teat, (2) bite drinker, (3) nipple square bowl, and (4) nipple bowl. There were limited differences among drinker types concerning the growth pattern of pigs during the fattening period, but target BW (100 kg) was similar in all treatments (P > 0.05). Feed intake did not differ among drinker types (P > 0.05). Nipple bowl drinker showed the lowest water disappearance during the experiment, whereas bite drinker showed the greatest values during the late fattening period (P < 0.05). Slurry production did not differ among drinker devices (P > 0.05), but slurry volume increased linearly during the study (P < 0.05). Pigs raised using nipple square and nipple bowl drinkers produced slurry with greater DM content than teat drinkers (P < 0.05). Most of the slurry fertiliser value elements (N-P-K) were significantly affected by drinker type (P < 0.05). Slurry from pigs using teat and bite drinkers had lower N-NH4, total N and K content than that from nipple square and nipple bowl drinkers (P < 0.05). Total N content of slurry on a wet basis decreased during the fattening period (P < 0.05). Improved efficiency in water use by pigs led to greater slurry N and K content, mainly due to the increase in its DM content. A negative association between water use at pig facilities and its slurry fertiliser value was demonstrated.

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Changes of the nutrient loads of the Odra River during the last century - their causes and consequences

Journal of Water and Land Development ◽

10.2478/v10025-009-0010-0 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 127-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Horst Behrendt ◽

Dieter Opitz ◽

Agnieszka Kolanek ◽

Rafalina Korol ◽

Marzenna Strońska

Keyword(s):

Point Source ◽

Total Phosphorus ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Nutrient Loads ◽

Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Total N ◽

Odra River ◽

Time Periods ◽

Total P ◽

Point Source Discharges

Changes of the nutrient loads of the Odra River during the last century - their causes and consequencesNutrient emissions by point and diffuse sources and their loads were estimated for the Odra catchment over the time period of the last 50 years by means of the model MONERIS. For nitrogen a change of the total emissions from 38 kt·a−1N in the mid of 1950s a maximum of 105 kt·a−1N in the early 1980s and a recent value of about 84 kt·a−1N were estimated for the total Odra Basin. The share of the point source discharges on the total N emissions varied between 24% (1955) and 35% (1995). The emissions from groundwater and tile drained areas represent the dominant pathway (37-56% of total N emissions) during all investigated time periods. Emissions from tile drained areas increased from the mid of 1950s to end of 1980s by a factor of 20 and reached in this period the same amount as emissions by groundwater. For phosphorus the emissions changed from 4 kt·a−1P in 1955 to 14 kt·a−1P in 1990 and a recent level of 7 kt·a−1P. Point source discharges caused between 36 to 66% of total P emissions and represent the dominant pathway for all investigated time periods. Erosion and discharges from paved urban areas and sewer systems was the dominant diffuse pathway of the total P emissions into the river system. The comparison of calculated and observed nutrient loads for the main monitoring stations along the Odra River shows that the average deviation is 12% for total phosphorus (1980-2000) and 15% for dissolved inorganic nitrogen (1960-2000). From the analysis it can be concluded that the present load of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and total nitrogen (TN) of the Odra into the Baltic Sea is about 2.3 times higher than in the mid of 1960s. The maximum DIN load (1980s) was more than 3 times higher than in the 1960s. The change of the total phosphorus (TP) load is characterized by an increase from the 1955s to 1980 from 2 to 7 kt·a−1P (factor 2.6). Around 2000 the TP load was 4 kt·a−1which is only the double of the level of the 1955s.

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Mental representation of economic crisis in Italian and Swiss samples 1The authors would like to thank Maurizio Mistri for his help in the construction of items. This research was supported by a grant from the Italian Murst (ex 40%).

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024//1421-0185.60.1.11 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 11-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Lucia Savadori ◽

Eraldo Nicotra ◽

Rino Rumiati ◽

Roberto Tamborini

Keyword(s):

Economic Crisis ◽

Mental Representation ◽

Mental Representations ◽

Social Contexts ◽

Raw Material ◽

National Context ◽

Cluster Procedure ◽

Total N ◽

Two Samples ◽

Important Symptom

The content and structure of mental representation of economic crises were studied and the flexibility of the structure in different social contexts was tested. Italian and Swiss samples (Total N = 98) were compared with respect to their judgments as to how a series of concrete examples of events representing abstract indicators were relevant symptoms of economic crisis. Mental representations were derived using a cluster procedure. Results showed that the relevance of the indicators varied as a function of national context. The growth of unemployment was judged to be by far the most important symptom of an economic crisis but the Swiss sample judged bankruptcies as more symptomatic than Italians who considered inflation, raw material prices and external accounts to be more relevant. A different clustering structure was found for the two samples: the locations of unemployment and gross domestic production indicators were the main differences in representations.

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The Conceptualization and Measurement of Job Crafting

Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O ◽

10.1026/0932-4089/a000219 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 173-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Philipp Wolfgang Lichtenthaler ◽

Andrea Fischbach

Keyword(s):

Factor Structure ◽

Work Engagement ◽

Job Demands ◽

Job Crafting ◽

Future Research ◽

Validity Study ◽

German Version ◽

Total N ◽

Structure Reliability ◽

German Speaking

Abstract. This research redefined the job demands–resources (JD-R) job crafting model ( Tims & Bakker, 2010 ) to resolve theoretical and empirical inconsistencies regarding the crafting of job demands and developed a German version of the Job Crafting Scale (JCS; Tims, Bakker, & Derks, 2012 ) in two separate studies (total N = 512). In Study 1 the German version of the JCS was developed and tested for its factor structure, reliability, and construct validity. Study 2 dealt with the validity of our redefined JD-R job crafting model. The results show that, like the original version, the German version comprises four job crafting types, and the German version of the JCS is a valid and reliable generic measure that can be used for future research with German-speaking samples. Evidence for the redefined JD-R job crafting model was based on findings relating job crafting to work engagement and emotional exhaustion.

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Racial Prejudice Predicts Less Desire to Learn About White Privilege

Social Psychology ◽

10.1027/1864-9335/a000314 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (5) ◽

pp. 310-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John G. Conway ◽

Nikolette P. Lipsey ◽

Gabrielle Pogge ◽

Kate A. Ratliff

Keyword(s):

White Privilege ◽

Racial Prejudice ◽

Affective Responses ◽

White People ◽

Total N ◽

Desire To Change

Abstract. White people often experience unpleasant emotions in response to learning about White privilege ( Phillips & Lowery, 2015 ; Pinterits, Poteat, & Spanierman, 2009 ). Two studies (total N = 1,310) examined how race attitudes relate to White people’s desires to avoid or learn information about White privilege. White participants completed measures of their race attitudes, desire to change White privilege, and their desire to avoid learning information about White privilege. Study 1 showed that participants who preferred their racial in-group reported less desire to change White privilege and greater desire to avoid learning information about White privilege. Inconsistent with expectations, Study 2 showed that participants who anticipated negative affective responses to learning about White privilege reported greater desire to change White privilege.

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