Selected Influences on Solo and Small-Ensemble Festival Ratings

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Bergee ◽  
Jamila L. McWhirter
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Replication Phase ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
High Expenditure ◽  
Small Ensemble ◽  
Daily Attendance ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Average Daily Attendance ◽  
Analyze Data

With this study, we replicated and extended the work of Bergee and Platt (2003). Analyzing ratings outcomes of 7,355 small-ensemble and solo events from two consecutive midwestern state festivals (2001 and 2002), Bergee and Platt found statistically significant differences in the main effects of time of day, type of event (solo/ensemble), and school size. In the replication phase of the present study, we used their procedures to analyze data from the 2003 festival ( N=3,853), finding significant differences in the same three main effects and also performing medium (vocal/instrumental). In both studies, the type of event by performing medium interaction was significant. The extension phase consisted of applying logistic regression techniques to the fitting of a theoretical model of prediction. Two variables were added to the original four-geographical location and district level of expenditure per average daily attendance. All main effects except geographical location (eliminated owing to high collinearity), plus the type of event by performing medium interaction, emerged as strong predictors of ratings outcomes. Afternoon scheduling, entering from a large, relatively high-expenditure school, and performing as a vocalist and a soloist significantly predicted the highest rating. January 18, 2005 March 15, 2005.

Stability of a Model Explaining Selected Extramusical Influences on Solo and Small-Ensemble Festival Ratings

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Bergee ◽  
Claude R. Westfall
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
School Size ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Multinomial Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Binomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Small Ensemble ◽  
Daily Attendance ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Average Daily Attendance

This is the third study in a line of inquiry whose purpose has been to develop a theoretical model of selected extramusical variables' influence on solo and small-ensemble festival ratings. Authors of the second of these (Bergee & McWhirter, 2005) had used binomial logistic regression as the basis for their model formulation strategy. Their final model included as statistically significant variables time of day (morning/afternoon), type of event (solo/ensemble), performing medium (vocal/instrumental), school size classification (Larger/smaller), district level of expenditure per average daily attendance (high/middle/low), and type of event by performing medium interaction. For the present study, we examined the stability of their model for a different data set (the following year's ratings) by means of a similar but modified strategy. Among other modifications, we used multinomial instead of binomial logistic regression. Utimately, the present study's model converged strongly on Bergee and Mc Whirter's preliminary one. Time of day, type of event, school size, district expenditure per average daily attendance, geographical district (metropolitan/nonmetropolitan), and the time of day by geographical district interaction contributed significantly to the present study's multinomial model. Theoretical modeling thus far suggests that performing as a soloist later in the day and entering from a large, metropolitan-area, relatively high-expenditure school serve as success influences. The multinomial model showed a gradation of influences from ratings of I through II to < III.

Can Health Insurance Reduce School Absenteeism?

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 696-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Yeung ◽  
Bradley Gunton ◽  
Dylan Kalbacher ◽  
Jed Seltzer ◽  
Hannah Wesolowski
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
State Level ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Daily Attendance ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression ◽  
Average Daily Attendance

Enacted in 1997, the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) represented the largest expansion of U.S. public health care coverage since the passage of Medicare and Medicaid 32 years earlier. Although the program has recently been reauthorized, there remains a considerable lack of thorough and well-designed evaluations of the program. In this study, we use school attendance as a measure of the program’s impact. Utilizing state-level data and the use of fixed-effects regression techniques, we conclude that SCHIP has had a positive and significant effect on state average daily attendance rates, as measured by both SCHIP participation and eligibility rates. The results support the renewal and expansion of the program.

Influence of Selected Variables on Solo and Small-Ensemble Festival Ratings

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Bergee ◽  
Melvin C. Platt
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
School Size ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Small School ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Vocal Ensemble ◽  
Small Ensemble ◽  
School Events ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
To Receive

With this study, we examined four potential influences on American high school solo and. small-ensemble festival adjudicator ratings—time of day, performing medium (vocal or instrumental), type of event (solo or ensemble), and school size. A total of 7,355 instrumental and vocal events from two consecutive midwestern state solo and ensemble festivals were analyzed. The two festivals, held in 2001 and 2002, employed 75 adjudicators (33 vocal and 42 instrumental). Statistically significant differences were found in the main effects of time of day, type of event, and school size. The averages rating for all events moved toward “Superior” (“I”) as the day progressed. This tendency, found in all size classifications except the largest, was most prevalent among events from mid-size schools. Large-school events received higher average ratings than did small-school events. Although preliminary analyses showed that small-school events were disproportionately held during morning hours, the interaction between time of day and school size was not significant. Significant time-of-day by performing-medium (vocal/instrumental) and type-of-event (solo/ensemble) by performing-medium interactions were found. The two performing media seemed to mirror each others rating patterns. Vocal ensemble events were more likely to receive a superior rating than were vocal solo events, whereas the opposite was true for instrumental events. Similar time-of-day tendencies were found in both festivals, despite almost entirely different adjudicators. Representing a more even mix of public school and college teachers and selected based on different criteria, the 2002 adjudicators awarded significantly more Superior ratings.

Generation of Design Data Through Numerical Modeling of a Post and Dome Feature

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Nichols ◽  
Anthony F. Luscher
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Shear Loading ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Insertion Force ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Beam Equations ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Sensitivity Data ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract This paper focuses on developing improved design equations to estimate the retention strength, insertion force, and insertion strain of a particular snap-fit, the post and dome feature. Finite element methods and multiple regression techniques were used in lieu of beam equations to develop the improved design equations. Sensitivity data is plotted for both the main effects and selected variable interactions. A study of detailed catch geometry was done in order to identify an optimal catch geometry. Typical design parameters were varied in order to develop design equations for users of this feature. The post and dome feature was selected for analysis because it is a high performance snap-fit that is self-datuming and can take some shear loading in addition to retention. The post and dome provide a higher ratio of retention force to insertion force than traditional cantilever snap-fits, and retention is less dependent on friction.

The Diet of American Robins: An Analysis of U.S. Biological Survey Records

The Auk ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel T. Wheelwright
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Biological Survey ◽  
American Robins ◽  
Differential Digestion ◽  
The U.S

Abstract I present a quantitative description of the diet of American Robins (Turdus migratorius) and consider how food habits (particularly the proportion of fruit eaten and the diversity of individual meals) are influenced by season, habitat, sex, and time of day. The study is based on an analysis of records of stomach contents compiled by the U.S. Biological Survey and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Across their entire range, robins ate fruits representing over 50 genera and invertebrates representing over 100 families. Diets were diverse even within local regions, and there was no obvious single feeding niche. The major food classes, consumed in every combination, were soft-bodied invertebrates, hard-bodied invertebrates, and fruits. The same taxa (especially fruits of the family Rosaceae and invertebrates of the orders Coleoptera and Lepidoptera) predominated in robins' diets, irrespective of habitat or geographical location, which presumably reflects both selective foraging and the availability of these widespread taxa. The proportion of fruit (by volume) in the diet was much higher in the fall and winter (median values >90%) than in the spring (<10%); summer values were intermediate. The transition from a diet dominated by invertebrates to a diet dominated by fruits occurred over a 1-2-month period. The number of distinct food items in stomachs, a measure of the species diversity of individual meals, was positively correlated with the fraction of invertebrates in the diet. Thus, at the time of year when robins were dependent on fruits for food, the diversity of their meals was also lowest. The degree of fullness of the stomach showed few consistent trends with season or habitat. Despite different sex roles and nutritional requirements, male and female robins did not differ in the proportion of fruit in the diet in any month or in any region. Nor did their stomachs contain different numbers of distinct food items, different amounts of food, or a different range or distribution of prey taxa. Habitat was an important variable explaining dietary differences. The Biological Survey records have unavoidable shortcomings, most notably problems of sampling biases and the inability to correct for differential digestion of food items. Nonetheless, they are a valuable and underused data base for testing hypotheses, generating new questions of ecological interest, and describing in detail the diets of North American bird species.

scholarly journals Is spatial orientation affected by Ramadan fasting?

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-475
Author(s):  
Rima Abdul Razzak ◽  
Mohamed Wael Mohamed ◽  
Abdulla Faisal Alshaiji ◽  
Abdulrahman Ahmed Qareeballa ◽  
Jeff Bagust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Ramadan Fasting ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Alignment Errors ◽  
Main Effects

Purpose Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) has produced heterogeneous and domain-specific effects on cognitive function. This study aims to investigate the effect of RIF on verticality perception or estimation of subjective visual vertical (SVV) in young adults. The significance of SVV is that it is essential for spatial orientation, upon which many daily activities depend. Methodology Verticality perception was assessed with a computerized rod and frame test (CRFT) in two visual conditions: without a surrounding frame and with a distracting tilted frame. The tilted frame condition measures level of visual dependence or reliance of visual cues for posture and orientation. In total, 39 young adult men were recruited at different stages of Ramadan fasting: 21 were tested at the end of the first week (Week 1) and 18 others at the end of the third week (Week 3) of Ramadan. Also, 39 participants were recruited to serve as a non-fasting control group. Factorial ANOVA analyses were conducted to identify the main effects of fasting status, time-of-day and the interaction between them on blood glucose levels, nocturnal sleep duration and vertical alignment errors. Findings The main effect of fasting status on glucose level was significant (p = 0.03). There was a significant time-of-day main effect on glucose levels (p = 0.007) and sleep duration (p = 0.004) only in fasting participants. Neither the main effects of fasting status nor time-of-day were significant for rod alignment errors in both visual conditions. The interaction of fasting status and time-of-day was not significant either. This may indicate that any negative effect of Ramadan fasting on activities that are critically dependent on verticality perception and spatial orientation, such as sports and driving, may not be due to verticality misperception. Originality The present study was the first to investigate the effect of Ramadan fasting on spatial orientation. It demonstrated robustness of verticality perception to fasting status and the point of fasting during Ramadan. Verticality perception was also unaffected by time-of-day effects in non-fasting and fasting groups at two different points of Ramadan. This study corroborates others reporting heterogeneous effects of Ramadan fasting on cognitive function.

scholarly journals Developing Empirical Decision Points to Improve the Timing of Adaptive Digital Health Physical Activity Interventions in Youth: Survival Analysis (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Ortega ◽  
Christopher C Cushing
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Intervention Delivery ◽  
Physical Activity Interventions ◽  
Decision Points ◽  
Main Effects

BACKGROUND Current digital health interventions primarily use interventionist-defined rules to guide the timing of intervention delivery. As new temporally dense data sets become available, it is possible to make decisions about the intervention timing empirically. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the timing of physical activity among youth to inform decision points (eg, timing of support) for future digital physical activity interventions. METHODS This study comprised 113 adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years (mean age 14.64, SD 1.48 years) who wore an accelerometer for 20 days. Multilevel survival analyses were used to estimate the most likely time of day (via odds ratios and hazard probabilities) when adolescents accumulated their average physical activity. The interacting effects of physical activity timing and moderating variables were calculated by entering predictors, such as gender, sports participation, and school day, into the model as main effects and tested for interactions with the time of day to determine conditional main effects of these predictors. RESULTS On average, the likelihood that a participant would accumulate a typical amount of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity increased and peaked between 6 PM and 8 PM before decreasing sharply after 9 PM. Hazard and survival probabilities suggest that optimal decision points for digital physical activity programs could occur between 5 PM and 8 PM. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the findings of this study support the idea that the timing of physical activity can be empirically identified and that these markers may be useful as intervention triggers.

The Effect of Time of Day and Time of Year on Thermal Comfort

1979 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick H. Rohles
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Temperature Interactions

In order to determine if affective responses to cool, neutral, and warm temperatures were related to the season of the year and the time of day, 108 subjects were exposed in groups of six (3 males and 3 females) for 3 hours to three temperatures 20.0°C, 25.6°C and 31.7°C at 50%rh during the morning (0900–1200) afternoon (1300–1600) and evening (1800–2100) in the summer and winter. The subjects were sedentary and wore similar clothing; a 9 category Thermal Sensation ballot and a 7-pair semantic differential scale for measuring Thermal Comfort were administered every half hour during the three hour exposure. An analysis of variance showed that the main effects, Time of Day, Sex and Season were not significant and only Temperature and Voting were significant; both measures showed significant Season x Temperature interactions. Basically, the 20.0°C environment was judged to be more comfortable in the summer than in the winter and the 31.7°C environment was judged to be more comfortable in the winter than in the summer. The seasonal findings are opposite to those found in recent research and suggest that different temperature criteria for thermal comfort should be considered for summer and winter conditions.

Effect of Non-Performing Loans on the Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Okoh Gabriel ◽  
Inim Ekemini Victor ◽  
Idachaba Odekina Innocent
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Deposit Insurance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
High Level ◽  
Reserve Ratio ◽  
Analyze Data

The study examined the effect of Non-Performing Loans on the financial performance of commercial banks in Nigeria between the periods of 1985 to 2016. The study employed the multiple regression techniques to analyze data collated from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin and Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC) publications for various years. The result of the study shows that Non-Performing Loans to Total Loans ratio (NPL/TLR) and Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) had statistically negative significant effect on Return on Asset (ROA). These result shows that a high level of non-performing loans would reduce the financial performance of commercial banks in Nigeria. Consequently, the study recommends that the regulatory authorities in Nigeria should create and support an environment where commercial banks in Nigeria can have a strong risk management practices.

Effects of divergent Holstein-Friesian strain and diet on diurnal patterns of plasma metabolites and hormones

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Meier ◽  
Eric S Kolver ◽  
Gwyneth A Verkerk ◽  
John R Roche
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Diurnal Patterns ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Friesian Cows

Commonly measured metabolite and hormone concentrations used to describe the metabolic status of lactating cows undergo diurnal variation resulting in distinct patterns. Studies have shown that feeding events can modulate these diurnal patterns as cows respond to the nutrient intake. What is less clear is the extent to which cow genetics and diet interact to modify the diurnal patterns of specific nutritionally related metabolites and hormones. The objective of this study was to investigate diurnal patterns in circulating metabolite and hormone concentrations in divergent strains of Holstein-Friesian cows (North American, NA; and New Zealand, NZ) offered either fresh pasture (FP) or a total mixed ration (TMR). Plasma concentrations of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), glucose, insulin, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were determined at 4-h intervals for a minimum of three consecutive days. All of the above metabolites and hormones exhibited within-day variability. Main effects of genetic strain and diet were observed for plasma IGF-1, and a strain by diet interaction was observed for GH. Time of day×diet interactions were observed for both glucose and insulin. Three-way interactions (time of day×diet×strain) were observed for BHBA and NEFA. These data indicate different levels of diurnal variation, with glucose, insulin, NEFA and BHBA having the largest daily variation. These diurnal patterns need to be considered in future investigations of these metabolites and hormones.

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