Inhalation of helium in plastic bag suffocation with suicidal purpose: Observation and differences of two cases

The use of helium in plastic bag suffocation is a suicide method recently found in forensic cases. Although it is not common practice, there has been a strong increase in its use during the past 20 years, thanks to the accessibility of information on the web and materials needed to implement it. From a pathophysiological point of view, there are various theories on how helium can change the timing and, also, the cause of death when the head is inside a plastic bag. We report two cases where we believe that the action of helium, whose unequivocal use is demonstrated by the circumstantial data, has unfolded in a different way. In the first case, the discovery of an intense cyanosis of the face, blood leakage from the respiratory orifices and the destruction of numerous alveolar septa with histologically demonstrated blood extravasation, was left for a longer agonic period and a no negligible rate of pulmonary barotrauma in determination of death. In the second case, the total absence of external pathological phenomena, internal and histological, allows us to hypothesise an onset of death that is faster and catalysed by helium and explained by the known sympathetic hyperactivation and consequent cardiac arrhythmic death described in similar plastic bag suffocation cases.

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Who Was the ‘Heroine’ of Freud's First Case History? Problems and Issues in the Identification of Freud's patients

Psychoanalysis and History ◽

10.3366/pah.2017.0199 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 7-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Richard Skues

Keyword(s):

Case History ◽

The Real ◽

Hypnotic Suggestion ◽

Social Circle ◽

First Case ◽

The Face ◽

Historical Investigation

In 1892–3 Freud published his first substantial case history, which concerned a patient treated by means of hypnotic suggestion. For some years this has been one of the few remaining of Freud's dedicated cases histories where the patient has not been identified. More recently, however, two publications independently arrived at the conclusion that the patient was none other than Freud's wife, Martha. This paper sets out the reasons why this identification should always have been treated with suspicion, even if the real identity was not known. Nevertheless, the paper goes on to offer a more plausible identification from among Freud's known social circle. The second part of the paper questions the circumstances under which the original misidentification could plausibly have been sustained in the face of such glaring evidence to the contrary. It concludes that, among other reasons, recent tendencies in controversies about Freud's trustworthiness have the hazard of leading to unreliable assumptions about Freud's honesty being taken as a basis for sound historical investigation.

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РЕЛИГИЯ И НАУКА: КОНФЛИКТ ИЛИ ДИАЛОГ? (ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ МИРОВОЗЗРЕНЧЕСКИХ И СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ ПРОТИВОРЕЧИЙ В РОССИЙСКОМ ОБЩЕСТВЕ)

Konfliktologia ◽

10.31312/2310-6085-2018-13-4-97-110 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 97

Author(s):

G. E. Bokov

Keyword(s):

Modern Science ◽

Academic Community ◽

Educational Process ◽

Point Of View ◽

Soviet Period ◽

Russian Society ◽

Religion And Science ◽

Russian Orthodox Church ◽

Official Position ◽

The Face

The article is devoted to the study of the worldviews and social contradictions in Russian society on the example of two different positions on the relationship between religion and science. According to one of these positions these relationships are defined as conflict. The second, opposing point of view says there never was and there cannot be any conflict between religion and science. In the publication such points are called “the paradigm of conflict” and “the paradigm of dialogue”. It shows, the first “paradigm” in the Soviet period of Russian history was determined by ideologization of science and was an important part of anti-religious propaganda. On the contrary, “the paradigm of dialogue” has always been represented primarily by religious thinkers. Today it is the official position of the Russian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate. The official Church document “The Basis of the Social Concept” says religion and science are designed to complement each other, especially in solving ethical problems that inevitably arise in the face of modern science. However, secular scientists often see in such statements the Church’s claims to active participation in the public life, including the educational process. Representatives of the academic community often speak out against the introduction of the theological educational programs and the theological departments in secular Universities of the Russian Federation. Thus, in contemporary Russian society some continue to believe that there is a conflict between religion and science, while others insist on the need for dialogue.

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Can an Adulteress Save Jesus? the Pericope Adulterae, Feminist Interpretation, and the Limits of Narrative Agency

10.1093/oso/9780198722618.003.0024 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Jennifer Knust

Keyword(s):

Point Of View ◽

Feminist Interpretation ◽

Narrative Agency ◽

The Status ◽

The Face ◽

History Of

The pericope adulterae (John 7:53–8:11) is often interpreted as an inherently feminist story, one that validates women’s humanity in the face of a patriarchal order determined to reduce sexual sinners and women more generally to the status of object. Reading this story within a framework of queer narratology, however, leads to a different point of view, one that challenges the consequences of seeking rescue from a god and a text that are both quite willing to forge male homosocial bonds at a woman’s expense. As the history of this story also shows, texts and their meanings remain unsettled and therefore open to further unpredictable and contingent elaboration. Pondering my own feminist commitments, I attempt to imagine a world and a story where a woman is a person and Jesus is in need of rescue. Perhaps such a world is possible. Or perhaps it is not.

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Determination of the Vertical Dimension and the Position of the Occlusal Plane in a Removable Prosthesis Using Cephalometric Analysis and Golden Proportion

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11156948 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (15) ◽

pp. 6948

Author(s):

Gabriele Cervino ◽

Sergio Sambataro ◽

Chiara Stumpo ◽

Salvatore Bocchieri ◽

Fausto Murabito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vertical Dimension ◽

Occlusal Plane ◽

X Rays ◽

Common Procedure ◽

Lower Incisor ◽

Golden Proportion ◽

The Face ◽

Removable Prosthesis ◽

Edentulous Patients

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the use and the effectiveness of cephalometry and golden proportions analysis of the face in planning prosthetic treatments in totally edentulous patients. In order to apply this method, latero-lateral and posterior-anterior X-rays must be performed in addition to the common procedure. Two main concerns for totally edentulous patients are the establishment of the vertical dimension and the new position of the occlusal plane. The divine proportion analysis was carried out by the use of a golden divider. The prosthetic protocol was divided into three steps and a case was selected for better understanding. Referring to the golden relations, if the distance from the chin to the wing of the nose is 1.0, the distance from the nose to eye is 0.618. This proportion is useful and effective in determining the correct prosthetic vertical dimension. The incisal margin of the lower incisor must be positioned between Point A (A) and protuberance menti (Pm) according to the gold ratio 0.618 of the total height A-Pm. Posteriorly the occlusal plane must be placed 2 mm below the divine occlusal plane (traced from the incisal margin of lower incisors to Xi point). A prosthesis made in accordance with cephalometric parameters and divine proportions of the face helps to improve the patient’s aesthetics, function and social personality.

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Stiffness Estimation and Equivalence of Boundary Conditions in FEM Models

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11041482 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1482

Author(s):

Róbert Huňady ◽

Pavol Lengvarský ◽

Peter Pavelka ◽

Adam Kaľavský ◽

Jakub Mlotek

Keyword(s):

Boundary Condition ◽

Finite Element ◽

Boundary Conditions ◽

Model Updating ◽

Element Model ◽

Computational Time ◽

Stiffness Coefficients ◽

First Case ◽

Numerical Approaches

The paper deals with methods of equivalence of boundary conditions in finite element models that are based on finite element model updating technique. The proposed methods are based on the determination of the stiffness parameters in the section plate or region, where the boundary condition or the removed part of the model is replaced by the bushing connector. Two methods for determining its elastic properties are described. In the first case, the stiffness coefficients are determined by a series of static finite element analyses that are used to obtain the response of the removed part to the six basic types of loads. The second method is a combination of experimental and numerical approaches. The natural frequencies obtained by the measurement are used in finite element (FE) optimization, in which the response of the model is tuned by changing the stiffness coefficients of the bushing. Both methods provide a good estimate of the stiffness at the region where the model is replaced by an equivalent boundary condition. This increases the accuracy of the numerical model and also saves computational time and capacity due to element reduction.

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Evaluation of the Ability to Accurately Produce Angular Details by 3D Printing of Plastic Parts

Machines ◽

10.3390/machines9080150 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 150

Author(s):

Andrei Marius Mihalache ◽

Gheorghe Nagîț ◽

Laurențiu Slătineanu ◽

Adelina Hrițuc ◽

Angelos Markopoulos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Point Of View ◽

Vertex Angle ◽

Function Type ◽

Constant Height ◽

3D Printers ◽

3D Printed ◽

Mathematical Processing ◽

Plastic Parts

3D printing is a process that has become widely used in recent years, allowing the production of parts with relatively complicated shapes from metallic and non-metallic materials. In some cases, it is challenging to evaluate the ability of 3D printers to make fine details of parts. For such an assessment, the printing of samples showing intersections of surfaces with low angle values was considered. An experimental plan was designed and materialized to highlight the influence of different factors, such as the thickness of the deposited material layer, the printing speed, the cooling and filling conditions of the 3D-printed part, and the thickness of the sample. Samples using areas in the form of isosceles triangles with constant height or bases with the same length, respectively, were used. The mathematical processing of the experimental results allowed the determination of empirical mathematical models of the power-function type. It allowed the detection of both the direction of actions and the intensity of the influence exerted by the input factors. It is concluded that the strongest influence on the printer’s ability to produce fine detail, from the point of view addressed in the paper, is exerted by the vertex angle, whose reduction leads to a decrease in printing accuracy.

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Determination of a Rubber-Like Material Model as an Inverse Problem

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.70.225 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 70 ◽

pp. 225-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Agnieszka Derewonko ◽

Andrzej Kiczko

Keyword(s):

Selection Process ◽

Axial Stress ◽

Constitutive Models ◽

Material Model ◽

Polyester Fabric ◽

Point Of View ◽

Air Cushion ◽

Ill Conditioning ◽

Stress States

The purpose of this paper is to describe the selection process of a rubber-like material model useful for simulation behaviour of an inflatable air cushion under multi-axial stress states. The air cushion is a part of a single segment of a pontoon bridge. The air cushion is constructed of a polyester fabric reinforced membrane such as Hypalon®. From a numerical point of view such a composite type poses a challenge since numerical ill-conditioning can occur due to stiffness differences between rubber and fabric. Due to the analysis of the large deformation dynamic response of the structure, the LS-Dyna code is used. Since LS-Dyna contains more than two-hundred constitutive models the inverse method is used to determine parameters characterizing the material on the base of results of the experimental test.

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Resistance to Outflow of Cerebrospinal Fluid Determined by Bolus Injection Technique and Constant Rate Steady State Infusion in Humans

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/00006123-198503000-00010 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 336-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Michael Kosteljanetz

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Steady State ◽

Bolus Injection ◽

Point Of View ◽

Injection Technique ◽

Communicating Hydrocephalus ◽

Constant Rate ◽

High Degree ◽

Infusion Technique

Abstract Two methods for the determination of resistance to the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid, the bolus injection technique and the constant rate steady state infusion technique, were compared. Thirty-two patients with a variety of intracranial diseases (usually communicating hydrocephalus) were studied. There was a high degree of correlation between the resistance values obtained with the two methods, but values based on the bolus injection technique were systematically and statistically significantly lower than those obtained with the constant rate infusion test. From a practical point of view. both methods were found to be applicable in a clinical setting.

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Checklist of the vascular alien flora of Catalonia (northeastern Iberian Peninsula, Spain)

Mediterranean Botany ◽

10.5209/mbot.63608 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 215-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pere Aymerich ◽

Llorenç Sáez

Keyword(s):

Iberian Peninsula ◽

Mediterranean Area ◽

Alien Plants ◽

Point Of View ◽

Strong Increase ◽

Progressive Reduction ◽

Degree Of Naturalization ◽

Alien Flora ◽

Notable Increase ◽

Invasive Taxa

This is an inventory of the vascular alien flora of Catalonia (northeastern Iberian Peninsula, Spain) updated to 2018, representing 1068 alien taxa in total. 554 (52.0%) out of them are casual and 514 (48.0%) are established. 87 taxa (8.1% of the total number and 16.8 % of those established) show an invasive behaviour. The geographic zone with more alien plants is the most anthropogenic maritime area. However, the differences among regions decrease when the degree of naturalization of taxa increases and the number of invaders is very similar in all sectors. Only 26.2% of the taxa are more or less abundant, while the rest are rare or they have vanished. The alien flora is represented by 115 families, 87 out of them include naturalised species. The most diverse genera are Opuntia (20 taxa), Amaranthus (18 taxa) and Solanum (15 taxa). Most of the alien plants have been introduced since the beginning of the twentieth century (70.7%), with a strong increase since 1970 (50.3% of the total number). Almost two thirds of alien taxa have their origin in Euro-Mediterranean area and America, while 24.6% come from other geographical areas. The taxa originated in cultivation represent 9.5%, whereas spontaneous hybrids only 1.2%. From the temporal point of view, the rate of Euro-Mediterranean taxa shows a progressive reduction parallel to an increase of those of other origins, which have reached 73.2% of introductions during the last 50 years. The most important way of introduction is gardening (58.0%), followed by agriculture and commerce, while forestry is marginal. Invasive taxa mainly come from gardening and trade, but the proportion of the latter that become invasive is higher (6.1% and 15.6%, respectively). Most of the established aliens are annual and perennial forbs, while other biological types are less represented. These two types are also dominant among the invasive alien species, although a notable increase of trees and climbers has been observed recently.

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Determination of In-plane Shear Strength of Unidirectional Composite Materials Using the Off-axis Three-point Flexure and Off-axis Tensile Tests

Journal of Composite Materials ◽

10.1177/0021998310369601 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 44 (21) ◽

pp. 2487-2507 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

G. Vargas ◽

F. Mujika

Keyword(s):

Shear Strength ◽

Composite Materials ◽

Tensile Tests ◽

Unidirectional Composite ◽

Point Of View ◽

Experimental Point ◽

Plane Shear ◽

Lift Off ◽

Flexure Test

The aim of this work is to compare from an experimental point of view the determination of in-plane shear strength of unidirectional composite materials by means of two off-axis tests: three-point flexure and tensile. In the case of the off-axis three-point flexure test, the condition of small displacements and the condition of lift-off between the specimen and the fixture supports have been taken into account. Some considerations regarding stress and displacement fields are presented. The in-plane shear characterization has been performed on a carbon fiber reinforced unidirectional laminate with several fiber orientation angles: 10°, 20°, 30°, and 45°. Test conditions for both off-axis experimental methods, in order to ensure their applicability, are presented. Off-axis flexure test is considered more suitable than off-axis tensile test for the determination of in-plane shear strength.

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