Experimental Effects of Acute Exercise on Prospective Memory and False Memory

Research demonstrates that acute exercise can enhance retrospective episodic memory performance. However, limited research has examined the effects of acute exercise on prospective memory, and no studies have examined the effects of exercise on false memory performance. This study examined the potential effects of acute exercise on prospective memory and false memory performance. A between-group randomized controlled trial was employed, with participants (college students; Mage = 20 years) randomized into an exercise group (15-minute acute bout of treadmill walking; N = 25) or a control group (15 minutes of sitting; N = 26). Prospective memory was assessed from two laboratory and two naturalistic assessments outside the lab. False memory was assessed using a word-list trial. There were no statistically significant differences in prospective memory based on group allocation (FGroup×Time = 1.17; P = 0.32; η2 = 0.06). However, the control group recalled more false words and had a higher rate of false memory recognition (FGroup×Time = 3.15; P = 0.01; η2 = 0.26). These findings indicate that acute moderate-intensity aerobic exercise is not associated with prospective memory performance but provides some suggestive evidence that acute exercise may reduce the rate of false memories.

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The Experimental Effects of Acute Exercise on Long-Term Emotional Memory

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm7120486 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 486 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Breanna Wade ◽

Paul Loprinzi

Keyword(s):

Acute Exercise ◽

Group Interaction ◽

Emotional Memory ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Main Effect ◽

Randomized Controlled Experiment ◽

Memory Recognition

Emerging work suggests that acute, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise may help to subserve episodic memory of neutral stimuli. Less investigated, however, is whether acute exercise is associated with enhanced memory recognition of emotional stimuli, which was the purpose of this experiment. A parallel-group randomized controlled experiment was employed. Participants (mean age = 20 yr) were randomized into an exercise (n = 17) or control group (n = 17). The exercise group engaged in a 15-min bout of moderate-intensity treadmill walking. Emotional memory recognition was assessed via images from the International Affective Picture System, including assessments of varying degrees of valence and arousal. Memory recognition was assessed at 1 day, 7 days, and 14 days post-memory encoding. We observed a significant main effect for time (F(2) = 104.2, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.77) and a significant main effect for valence–arousal classification (F(4) = 21.39, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.40), but there was no significant time by group interaction (F(2) = 1.09, p = 0.34, η2p = 0.03), classification by group interaction (F(4) = 0.12, p = 0.97, η2p = 0.01), time by classification interaction (F(8) = 1.78, p = 0.08, η2p = 0.05), or time by classification by group interaction (F(8) = 0.78, p = 0.62, η2p = 0.02). In conclusion, emotional memory recognition decreased over the 14-day follow-up period and this rate of memory decay was not altered by acute moderate-intensity exercise engagement. We discuss these findings in the context of exercise intensity and the temporal effects of exercise.

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Acute Moderate Intensity Exercise Decreases Oxygen Saturation In Obese Women

STRADA JURNAL ILMIAH KESEHATAN ◽

10.30994/sjik.v9i2.302 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 310-315

Author(s):

Cornelius Coli ◽

Gadis Meinar Sari ◽

Purwo Sri Rejeki

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Saturation ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Obese Women ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Percentage Body Fat ◽

Exercise Interventions

This study aims to analyze acute moderate intensity exercise decreases oxygen saturation in obese women. True experiment with a randomized control group design posttest-only design using 14 obese women aged 19-24 years, body mass index 27-33 kg/m2, percentage body fat (PBF) above 30 % and fasting blood glucose (FBG) below 100 mg/dL, normal hemoglobin, normal systolic and diastolic blood pressure, normal resting heart rate and randomly divided into two groups, namely CON (n=7, control without intervention) and MIE (n=7, moderate intensity exercise). Moderate intensity exercise interventions carried out for 40 minutes using a treadmill. Blood sampling is done 10 minutes after the intervention. Measurement of oxygen saturation using a Pulse Oximeter. The results obtained mean oxygen saturation at CON (98.428±0.534) % and MIE (96.571±0.975) % (p=0.001). Based on the results of the study concluded that moderate moderate intensity acute exercise reduces oxygen saturation in obese women.

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Prenatal exercise and cardiovascular health (PEACH) study: impact of acute and chronic exercise on cerebrovascular hemodynamics and dynamic cerebral autoregulation

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00446.2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rachel J. Skow ◽

Lawrence Labrecque ◽

Jade A. Rosenberger ◽

Patrice Brassard ◽

Craig D. Steinback ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Cerebral Autoregulation ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Chronic Exercise ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

The Impact ◽

Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation

We performed a randomised controlled trial measuring dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) using a sit-to-stand maneuver before (SS1) and following (SS2) an acute exercise test at 16-20 weeks gestation (trimester 2; TM2) and then again at 34-37 weeks gestation (third trimester; TM3). Following the first assessment, women were randomised into exercise training or control (standard care) groups; women in the exercise training group were prescribed moderate intensity aerobic exercise for 25-40 minutes on 3-4 days per week for 14±1weeks. Resting seated mean blood velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCAvmean) was lower in TM3 compared to TM2 but not impacted by exercise training intervention. dCA was not impacted by gestational age, or exercise training during SS1. During SS2, dCA was altered such that there were greater absolute and relative decreases in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and MCAvmean, but this was not impacted by the intervention. There was also no difference in the relationship between the decrease in MCAvmean compared to the decrease in MAP (%/%), or the onset of the regulatory response with respect to acute exercise, gestational age, or intervention; however, rate of regulation was faster in women in the exercise group following acute exercise (interaction effect, p=0.048). These data highlight the resilience of the cerebral circulation in that dCA was well maintained or improved in healthy pregnant women between TM2 and TM3. However, future work addressing the impact of acute and chronic exercise on dCA in women who are at risk for cardiovascular complications during pregnancy is needed.

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The Effects of Acute Exercise on Retroactive Memory Interference

American Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.1177/0890117119866138 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 25-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paul D. Loprinzi ◽

Emily Frith ◽

Lindsay Crawford

Keyword(s):

Acute Exercise ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Memory Task ◽

Word List ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Memory Interference ◽

Standard Difference ◽

Size Standard ◽

List Memory

Purpose: Retroactive interference involves the disruption of previously encoded information from newly learned information and thus may impair the consolidation of long-term memory. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether acute exercise can attenuate retroactive memory interference. Design: Three experimental studies were employed. Experiment 1 employed a between-subject randomized control trial (RCT) involving moderate-intensity walking (15 minutes). Experiment 2 employed a between-subject RCT involving high-intensity jogging (15 minutes). Experiment 3 employed a within-subject RCT involving moderate-intensity walking (15 minutes). Setting: University setting. Participants: One hundred twelve young adults. Measures: After exercise, memory interference was evaluated from an episodic word-list memory task, involving the recall of 2 word lists. Results: The pooled effect size (standard difference in means: −0.35; 95% confidence interval: −0.64 to −0.06) across the 3 experiments was statistically significant ( P = .01). Conclusion: We provide suggestive evidence that acute, short-duration exercise may help attenuate a retroactive memory interference effect. Implications of these findings for exercise to improve memory and attenuate memory decay are discussed.

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Exercise and Retrieval-Induced Forgetting

Psych ◽

10.3390/psych1010030 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 405-411

Author(s):

Justin Cantrelle ◽

Paul Loprinzi

Keyword(s):

Acute Exercise ◽

Retrieval Practice ◽

Memory Task ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Parallel Group ◽

Main Effect ◽

Induced Forgetting ◽

Experimental Group

Retrieving a subset of items from memory can cause forgetting of other related items in memory, referred to as retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF). This type of forgetting (RIF) is thought to be related to working memory and executive control processes, of which are known to be influenced by acute exercise. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether acute exercise could accentuate RIF. A two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled intervention was employed. Participants (N = 40) were randomized into one of two groups, including an experimental group (15-min of moderate-intensity exercise) and a control group (time-matched seated task). Retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) and retrieval practice (RP) were assessed from a category-exemplar memory task. There was no significant main effect for RIF and no group by RIF interaction, suggesting that acute exercise did not alter RIF more than the control group. There was a significant main effect for RP, but there was no group by RP interaction. These RP findings align with the RIF findings, indicating that acute exercise did not alter RP more so than the control group. In conclusion, our experimental results do not provide support for an association of acute exercise on retrieval-induced forgetting or retrieval practice.

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Temporal Effects of Acute Walking Exercise on Learning and Memory Function

American Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.1177/0890117117749476 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (7) ◽

pp. 1518-1525 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Eveleen Sng ◽

Emily Frith ◽

Paul D. Loprinzi

Keyword(s):

Episodic Memory ◽

Learning And Memory ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Verbal Learning ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Memory Encoding ◽

Temporal Effects ◽

Better Than

Purpose: To evaluate the temporal effects of acute exercise on episodic memory. Design: A quasi-experimental study. Sample: Eighty-eight college students (N = 22 per group). Measures: Four experimental groups were evaluated, including a control group, exercising prior to memory encoding, exercising during encoding, and exercising during memory consolidation. The exercise stimulus consisted of a 15-minute moderate-intensity walk on a treadmill. Participants completed the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) to assess learning and memory. Prospective memory was assessed via a Red Pen Task. Long-term memory (recognition and attribution) of the RAVLT was assessed 20 minutes and 24 hours after exercise. Analysis: Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) assessed the performance of RAVLT scores of trials 1 to 5 across groups. One-way ANOVA assessed the performance of individual trials across groups, whereas χ2 assessed the performance of the Red Pen Task across groups. Results: Regarding learning, the interaction of groups × trial was marginally statistically significant ( F12,332 = 1.773, P = .05), indicating that the group which exercised before encoding did better than the group that exercised during encoding and consolidation. For both 24-hour recognition and attribution performance, the group that exercised before memory encoding performed significantly better than the group that exercised during consolidation ( P = .05 recognition, P = .006 attribution). Discussion: Engaging in a 15-minute bout of moderate-intensity walking before a learning task was effective in influencing long-term episodic memory.

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Physical Activity Improves Verbal and Spatial Memory in Older Adults with Probable Mild Cognitive Impairment: A 6-Month Randomized Controlled Trial

Journal of Aging Research ◽

10.1155/2013/861893 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 97

Author(s):

Lindsay S. Nagamatsu ◽

Alison Chan ◽

Jennifer C. Davis ◽

B. Lynn Beattie ◽

Peter Graf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Spatial Memory ◽

Aerobic Training ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Verbal Learning ◽

Training Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Randomized Controlled

We report secondary findings from a randomized controlled trial on the effects of exercise on memory in older adults with probable MCI. We randomized 86 women aged 70–80 years with subjective memory complaints into one of three groups: resistance training, aerobic training, or balance and tone (control). All participants exercised twice per week for six months. We measured verbal memory and learning using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and spatial memory using a computerized test, before and after trial completion. We found that the aerobic training group remembered significantly more items in the loss after interference condition of the RAVLT compared with the control group after six months of training. In addition, both experimental groups showed improved spatial memory performance in the most difficult condition where they were required to memorize the spatial location of three items, compared with the control group. Lastly, we found a significant correlation between spatial memory performance and overall physical capacity after intervention in the aerobic training group. Taken together, our results provide support for the prevailing notion that exercise can positively impact cognitive functioning and may represent an effective strategy to improve memory in those who have begun to experience cognitive decline.

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Only social feedback reduces age-related prospective memory deficits in “Virtual Week”

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610214000027 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 759-767 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Agnieszka Niedźwieńska ◽

Peter G. Rendell ◽

Krystian Barzykowski ◽

Alicja Leszczyńska

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Prospective Memory ◽

Independent Living ◽

Memory Performance ◽

The Elderly ◽

Control Group ◽

Social Feedback ◽

Feedback Group ◽

Age Related ◽

Memory For Intentions

ABSTRACTBackground:Prospective memory, or remembering to do things in the future, is crucial for independent living in old age. Although there is evidence of substantial age-related deficits in memory for intentions, older adults have demonstrated the ability to compensate for their deficits in everyday life. The present study investigated feedback as a strategy for facilitating prospective memory in the elderly.Method:Young and older adults played a computer-based task, Virtual Week, in which they had to remember to carry out life-like intentions. After each virtual day, specific feedback on prospective memory performance was automatically provided on the computer screen that participants either proceeded through by themselves (non-social feedback) or were taken through by an experimenter (social feedback). The control group received no feedback.Results:We found that, compared with no-feedback group, only social feedback substantially reduced the age-related deficit in prospective memory. Older adults significantly benefited from feedback provided by the experimenter on the tasks of intermediate difficulty. Unexpectedly, prospective memory with non-social feedback was not only worse than with social feedback, but it was not any better than without any feedback at all.Conclusions:The results extended previous findings on the effectiveness of feedback in improving the memory performance of older adults to include memory for intentions. Despite the feedback meeting the critical recommendations of being specific, objective, and well-targeted, it was ineffective when the feedback displayed on the computer was not introduced by the experimenter. This has implications for computerized training tasks where automated feedback is considered crucial.

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Effects of moderate-intensity intermittent hypoxic training on health outcomes of patients recovered from covid-19: the AEROBICOVID study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

10.21203/rs.3.rs-435258/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Atila Alexandre Trapé ◽

Marta Camacho-Cardenosa ◽

Alba Camacho-Cardenosa ◽

Eugenio Merellano-Navarro ◽

Jhennyfer Aline Lima Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Outcomes ◽

Physical Training ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Training Session ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Intermittent Hypoxic Training ◽

Hypoxic Training

Abstract Background: Recent studies point to a lower number and a reduction in the severity of cases in higher altitude cities, with decreased oxygen concentration. Specific literature has shown several benefits of physical training, so, in this sense, physical training with hypoxic stimulus appears as an alternative that supports the conventional treatments of the COVID-19 patient's recovery. Thus, this study's primary aim is to analyse the effects of moderate-intensity intermittent hypoxic training on health outcomes in COVID-19 recovered patients. Methods: A clinical trial controlled double-blind study was designed. Participants (30-69 years old) will be recruited among those with moderate to severe COVID-19 symptoms, approximately 30 days after recovery. They will be included in groups according to the training (T) and recovery (R) association with hypoxia (H) or normoxia (N): a) TH:RH, b) TN:RH, c) TN:RN, and, last, d) the control group. The 8-week exercise bike intervention will be carried out with a gradual load increase according to the established periods, three times a week in sets of 5 minutes, 90 to 100% of the anaerobic threshold (AT), and a 2,5-minute break. Blood will be collected for genotyping. First, after four weeks (partial), after eight weeks, and later, four weeks after the end of the physical training intervention, participants will perform assessments. The primary outcome is the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max). The secondary outcomes include lung function, inflammatory mediators, haematological, autonomic parameters, AT, body composition analysis, quality of life, mental health, anthropometric measurements, and physical fitness. The statistical analysis will be executed using the linear regression model with mixed effects at a 5% significance level. Discussion: This study is designed to provide evidence to support the clinical benefits of moderate-intensity intermittent hypoxic training as a part of the treatment of patients recovered from COVID-19. It may also provide evidence on the efficacy and safety of intermittent hypoxic training in different health conditions. Lastly, this study presents an innovative strategy enabling up to 16 participants in the same training session.Trial registration: Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry, RBR-5d7hkv. Registered after the start of inclusion; 3 November 2020; https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-5d7hkv

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Body mass index and physical activity in seven-year-old children whose mothers exercised during pregnancy: follow-up of a multicentre randomised controlled trial

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-021-02952-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Karen Alterhaug Bjøntegaard ◽

Signe Nilssen Stafne ◽

Siv Mørkved ◽

Kjell Åsmund Salvesen ◽

Kari Anne I. Evensen

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

University Hospital ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Exercise Protocol ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Randomised Controlled ◽

Exercise During Pregnancy

Abstract Background There are limited data on long-term outcomes of children whose mothers have followed exercise interventions during pregnancy. The aim of this paper was to investigate whether regular moderate intensity exercise during pregnancy affected the children’s body mass index (BMI) and physical activity (PA) at 7 years of age, and determine the relationship between children’s and mothers’ BMI and PA. Methods This was a follow-up of a multicentre randomised controlled trial, carried out at St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, and Stavanger University Hospital, Norway (2007–2009 and 2014–2016). Women were randomised to follow a 12-week structured exercise protocol or standard antenatal care during pregnancy. At the 7-year follow-up, parents reported their child’s height, weight, and PA. The mothers also reported their own weight and PA. Main outcome variables were BMI, frequency and duration of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), and intensity of PA. Results A total of 855 women were randomised to exercise (n = 429) or standard antenatal care (n = 426) during pregnancy. At follow-up, 164 (38.2%) children and mothers in the intervention group and 117 (27.5%) in the control group participated. We found no group differences in the children’s iso-BMI or PA. Findings were similar when we performed stratified analyses by sex, except boys in the control group spent more time on electrical devices than boys in the intervention group. Subgroup analyses of children of mothers who adhered to the exercise protocol and sensitivity analyses excluding children born preterm, children admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, and children with diseases or health problems at the 7-year follow-up, did not change the results. Children’s BMI, weekly leisure time MVPA and intensity of PA correlated with mothers’ BMI, daily exercise, and intensity of exercise. Conclusions Regular moderate intensity exercise during pregnancy did not affect BMI or PA of the children at 7 years. Good maternal health should be encouraged as it may influence the health of the next generation. Trial registration The initial RCT study was registered in ClinicalTrials.govNCT00476567.

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