Remembering the Super-Typhoon: Some, but Not All, Qualities of First-Hand Survivor Memories of Natural Disaster Are Similar to Near Death Experience and Flashbulb Memory Accounts

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329412095757
Author(s):  
Gary D. Bond ◽  
Brian Pasko ◽  
Federico Solis-Perez ◽  
Caydence S. Sisneros ◽  
Angelina F. Gonzales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Super Typhoon ◽  
Disaster Experience ◽  
High Death ◽  
Death Experience ◽  
Negative Memories ◽  
Over Time

The strongest storm in Philippines history, super-typhoon Haiyan, barreled through central Philippines in 2013 and left a high death toll and extensive destruction in its wake. Past studies have investigated Fading Affect Bias (FAB) in extremely negative situations like the death of a loved one and found that the FAB generally occurs in those extreme situations, but this study is the first to assess FAB in first-hand memories for a natural disaster survival situation. The FAB phenomenon is the tendency for emotional intensity associated with negative memories for events to fade over time and emotional intensity for positive events stays relatively stable over time. Researchers collected memories for the super-typhoon from survivors three years after the event. Results showed that negative emotional intensity for the event faded after the event. Emotion in comparison positive memories for non-typhoon events did not fade, and emotion in comparison negative memories faded, following results in several other FAB studies. The Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) was used as an initial assessment of mood before the study began, and PANAS scores reliably predicted current emotional intensity scores. Memory vividness and emotional intensity in first-hand accounts of a natural disaster experience behave like vividness and intensity in flashbulb memories, but details in first-hand accounts are similar to the amount of details in memories of near-death experiences. How memory rehearsal behaves in relation to time elapsed since event has yet to be captured for first-hand survival experiences.

Emotional Impact Feedback Changes How We Remember Negative Autobiographical Experiences

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie K. T. Takarangi ◽  
Deryn Strange
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Negative Memory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Memories ◽  
Over Time

When people are told that their negative memories are worse than other people’s, do they later remember those events differently? We asked participants to recall a recent negative memory then, 24 h later, we gave some participants feedback about the emotional impact of their event – stating it was more or less negative compared to other people’s experiences. One week later, participants recalled the event again. We predicted that if feedback affected how participants remembered their negative experiences, their ratings of the memory’s characteristics should change over time. That is, when participants are told that their negative event is extremely negative, their memories should be more vivid, recollected strongly, and remembered from a personal perspective, compared to participants in the other conditions. Our results provide support for this hypothesis. We suggest that external feedback might be a potential mechanism in the relationship between negative memories and psychological well-being.

Near-Death and Other Transpersonal Experiences Occurring During Catastrophic Events

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 486-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madelaine Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
World War I ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
Catastrophic Events ◽  
Body Experience ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Out Of Body Experience ◽  
Transpersonal Experiences ◽  
Death Experience ◽  
Seriously Ill Patients

The purpose of this article is to describe examples of near-death and other transpersonal experiences occurring during catastrophic events like floods, wars, bombings, and death camps. To date, researchers have limited their investigations of these transpersonal events to those occurring to seriously ill patients in hospitals, those dying from terminal illnesses, or to individuals experiencing a period of grief after the death of a loved one. Missing is awareness by first responders and emergency healthcare professionals about these transpersonal experiences and what to say to the individuals who have them. Some responders experience not only deaths of the victims they assist, but also deaths of their colleagues. Information about these transpersonal experiences can also be of comfort to them. The examples in this article include a near-death experience during the Vietnam War, an out-of-body experience after a bomb explosion during the Iraq War, a near-death visit to a woman imprisoned at Auschwitz, and two after-death communications, one from a person killed in Auschwitz and another from a soldier during World War I. Also included are interviews with two New York City policemen who were September 11, 2001 responders. It is hoped the information will provide knowledge of these experiences to those who care for those near death, or dying, or grieving because of catastrophic events, and encourage researchers to further investigate these experiences during disasters.

scholarly journals Short-term storage of tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) spermatozoa: The effect of collection type, temperature and time

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245047
Author(s):  
Amanda B. Gillis ◽  
Emmet L. Guy ◽  
Andrew J. Kouba ◽  
Peter J. Allen ◽  
Ruth M. Marcec-Greaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Ambystoma Tigrinum ◽  
Tiger Salamander ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Spermatozoa Motility ◽  
Over Time

The aims of this project were to characterize tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) spermatozoa motility over time, when excreted as either milt or spermic urine prior to packaging into a spermatophore, and to determine the effect of temperature on sperm motility. A split-plot design was utilized to assess the motility of the two pre-spermatophore sample types at two temperatures, 0°C and 20°C (n = 10 for each treatment). Spermiation was induced through exogenous hormone treatment of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog in order to collect both milt and spermic urine, which were evaluated for motility, divided into two separate aliquots, and subsequently stored in either an ice-bath (0°C) or on the benchtop (20°C). The decay rate of sperm motility was assessed by reevaluating subsamples at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 24 hours following the initial assessment. Results showed that sperm stored at 0°C had significantly higher progressive, non-progressive, and total motility for both sperm collection types over time. An interaction was found between collection type and time, with milt exhibiting lower initial motility that was more sustainable over time, compared to spermic urine. For both milt and spermic urine, motility decreased rapidly with storage duration, indicating samples should be used as soon as possible to maximize motility for in-vitro fertilization and cryopreservation. This is the first study to describe the differences in sperm motility between milt and spermic urine from an internally fertilizing caudate and demonstrates the benefits of near freezing temperatures on sperm longevity.

scholarly journals Genetic and Environmental Predictors of Adolescent PTSD Symptom Trajectories Following a Natural Disaster

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheerin ◽  
Kovalchick ◽  
Overstreet ◽  
Rappaport ◽  
Williamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Environmental Predictors ◽  
Longitudinal Course ◽  
Symptom Trajectories ◽  
Rare Genetic Variation ◽  
Over Time

: Genes, environmental factors, and their interplay affect posttrauma symptoms. Although environmental predictors of the longitudinal course of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are documented, there remains a need to incorporate genetic risk into these models, especially in youth who are underrepresented in genetic studies. In an epidemiologic sample tornado-exposed adolescents (n = 707, 51% female, Mage = 14.54 years), trajectories of PTSD symptoms were examined at baseline and at 4-months and 12-months following baseline. This study aimed to determine if rare genetic variation in genes previously found in the sample to be related to PTSD diagnosis at baseline (MPHOSPH9, LGALS13, SLC2A2), environmental factors (disaster severity, social support), or their interplay were associated with symptom trajectories. A series of mixed effects models were conducted. Symptoms decreased over the three time points. Elevated tornado severity was associated with elevated baseline symptoms. Elevated recreational support was associated with lower baseline symptoms and attenuated improvement over time. Greater LGLAS13 variants attenuated symptom improvement over time. An interaction between MPHOSPH9 variants and tornado severity was associated with elevated baseline symptoms, but not change over time. Findings suggest the importance of rare genetic variation and environmental factors on the longitudinal course of PTSD symptoms following natural disaster trauma exposure.

scholarly journals Coastal landscape changes pattern due to natural disasters in Pelabuhanratu District, West Java

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Mufidah Tartila ◽  
Supriatna ◽  
Masita Dwi Mandini Manessa ◽  
Yoanna Ristya
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Overlay Analysis ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Over Time

The concept of landscape is known to be always changing dynamically because of its attachment to natural and human activities that continue to grow over time. The aim of this study is to identify landscape changes from 2010 to 2018 which are associated with natural disaster events. Coastal area is the study target on landscape changes due to natural disasters. The research took place in Pelabuhanratu District, Sukabumi Regency which is known for its varied geomorphological form and its natural disaster events occurrence including coastal floods, flash floods, and landslides. The research data was processed using ArcGIS 10.4.1 and ENVI 5.1 software. Data verification was done by field surveys in the study area. The method of this study is an overlay analysis and explained in the term of spatial dan descriptive concept. The landscape of Pelabuhanratu District is dominated by volcanic landforms and vegetation cover. The total area experiencing landscape changes is 44.47 km2 of the district total area of 91.91 km2 and major changes are involving alteration of land cover area.

Does A Major Earthquake Change Job Preferences and Human Values?

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigehiro Oishi ◽  
Ayano Yagi ◽  
Asuka Komiya ◽  
Florian Kohlbacher ◽  
Takashi Kusumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disaster ◽  
European Association ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Job Preferences ◽  
Major Earthquake ◽  
Disaster Experience ◽  
Job Application ◽  
Application Data

Does a major natural disaster change human values and job preferences? The present studies examined whether the experience of a natural disaster experience shifts people's values and job preferences toward pro–social directions. In Study 1 (cross–temporal analysis), we analysed job application data in nine cities in Japan over 12 years and found that the popularity of pro–social occupations (e.g. firefighter) increased after the Great Hanshin–Awaji Earthquake in 1995, in particular the area hit hardest by the quake. In Study 2 (a large national survey), we found that Japanese respondents who had experienced a major earthquake are more likely to hold a pro–social job than those who never experienced a major earthquake. Together, the current findings suggest that the experience of a major natural disaster shifts human values from the egocentric to the allocentric direction, which in turn could result in a social structure that values pro–social occupations. Copyright © 2017 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals The Impact of Financial Preparation and Disaster Experience on Households’ Disaster Risk Perception: Empirical Evidence from Quang Binh Province, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 344-356
Author(s):  
Tam T. Le ◽  
Trang T.H. Thai ◽  
Thao P. Do
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Experience ◽  
Financial Preparation ◽  
Natural Disaster Risk ◽  
The Impact

This paper is aimed at analysing the impacts of financial preparation and disaster experience on households’ disaster risk perception, including perceptions of likelihood and severity in Quang Binh Province of Vietnam, one of the areas strongly affected by natural disasters and climate change. With the data from direct surveying 308 households in Quang Binh province, the research methodology includes Cronbach’s Alpha, EFA and OLS regression models. The key findings are: First, disaster experience has positive impact on natural disaster risk perception. Second, financial preparation has negative impact on natural disaster risk perception. Third, the risk of natural disasters in Quang Binh Province are increasing and unpredictable due to rapid economic growth and urbanization. This fact requires the Government, provincial commitees, and stakeholders to go beyond traditional coping methods, implement more customized policies and specific actions to try to reduce the risks of natural disasters. Keywords: disaster risk, disaster risk perception, financial preparation, disaster experience.

An Institutional Lens on Multistakeholder Partnerships

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Gray ◽  
Jill Purdy
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Negotiated Order ◽  
Field Level ◽  
Collective Meaning ◽  
Social Orders ◽  
Multistakeholder Partnerships ◽  
Over Time

In this chapter we conceptualize partnerships as new forms of organizing that arise in response to changing conditions within institutional fields. Fields are evolving and often contentious social orders, characterized either by common or conflicting interpretations about the purposes, relationships, and rules of interaction within the field. Collaborating partners appraise and may renegotiate institutional arrangements—thereby establishing a new negotiated order for the field. This may necessitate reconciling partners’ competing frames about what the field should be. We adopt an interactional framing approach to explain how new frames can take root in fields and amplify in scope, regularity, and emotional intensity—eventually transforming the field over time as partners negotiate a new field-level frame for field governance and reach a new settlement. Partnerships can legitimize frames as broader systems of collective meaning among actors that eventually may become taken-for-granted cultural conventions.

A Working Memory Explanation for the Effects of Eye Movements in EMDR

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Maxfield ◽  
William T. Melnyk ◽  
Gordon C. A. Hayman
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Attention Tasks ◽  
Memory Resources ◽  
Negative Memories

Research has consistently demonstrated that performance is degraded when participants engage in two simultaneous tasks that require the same working memory resources. This study tested predictions from working memory theory to investigate the effects of eye movement (EM) on the components of autobiographical memory. In two experiments, 24 and 36 participants, respectively, focused on negative memories while engaging in three dual-attention EM tasks of increasing complexity. Compared to No-EM, Slow-EM and Fast-EM produced significantly decreased ratings of image vividness, thought clarity, and emotional intensity, and the more difficult Fast-EM resulted in larger decreases than did Slow-EM. The effects on emotional intensity were not consistent, with some preliminary evidence that a focus on memory-related thought might maintain emotional intensity during simple dual-attention tasks (Slow-EM, No-EM). The findings of our experiments support a working memory explanation for the effects of EM dual-attention tasks on autobiographical memory. Implications for understanding the mechanisms of action in EMDR are discussed.

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