scholarly journals Male Mortality Trends in the United States, 1900-2010: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-160
Author(s):  
Wanda K. Jones ◽  
Robert A. Hahn ◽  
R. Gibson Parrish ◽  
Steven M. Teutsch ◽  
Man-Huei Chang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
The United States ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Female Mortality ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Male Mortality ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
White Males

Objectives: Male mortality fell substantially during the past century, and major causes of death changed. Building on our recent analysis of female mortality trends in the United States, we examined all-cause and cause-specific mortality trends at each decade from 1900 to 2010 among US males. Methods: We conducted a descriptive study of age-adjusted death rates (AADRs) for 11 categories of disease and injury stratified by race (white, nonwhite, and, when available, black), the excess of male mortality over female mortality ([male AADR − female AADR]/female AADR), and potential causes of persistent excess of male mortality. We used national mortality data for each decade. Results: From 1900 to 2010, the all-cause AADR declined 66.4% among white males and 74.5% among nonwhite males. Five major causes of death in 1900 were pneumonia and influenza, heart disease, stroke, tuberculosis, and unintentional nonmotor vehicle injuries; in 2010, infectious conditions were replaced by cancers and chronic lower respiratory diseases. The all-cause excess of male mortality rose from 9.1% in 1900 to 65.5% in 1980 among white males and a peak of 63.7% in 1990 among nonwhite males, subsequently falling among all groups. Conclusion: During the last century, AADRs among males declined more slowly than among females. Although the gap diminished in recent decades, exploration of social and behavioral factors may inform interventions that could further reduce death rates among males.

Abstract 10: Widening Rural Disadvantage in United States Premature Heart Disease Mortality: Trends by Region and Race/Ethnicity, 2000 - 2013

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth B Pathak ◽  
Colin J Forsyth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
The South ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Death Rates

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to quantify rural and metropolitan trends in premature heart disease (HD) mortality using the most up-to-date data available (through 2013). To our knowledge this is the first study to analyze these geographic disparities for Hispanics (HSP), Asians/Pacific Islanders (API), and American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/AN). Methods: Annual age-adjusted HD death rates for adults aged 25-64 years were analyzed for 2000-2013. Rates were calculated for 5 racial/ethnic groups (Non-Hispanic Whites (WNH), Non-Hispanic Blacks (BNH), HSP of any race, Non-Hispanic API, and Non-Hispanic AI/AN). County-level data were aggregated by urbanicity: large central metro (LCM), large fringe metro (LFM), medium/small metro (MSM), and micropolitan/rural (RURAL). Region was defined as South (16 states) and Non-South. All data were obtained from the National Vital Statistics System on CDC WONDER. Average annual percent change (AAPC) was calculated by linear regression of the log-transformed death rates using SAS 9.4. Results: In 2013, the national population-at-risk predominantly resided in metro areas. However, there were more than 10 million RURAL adults aged 25-64 years in the South (16.2% of the region) and more than 13.4 million in the non-South (12.9% of the region). Nationwide, HD death rates were lowest in the LFM counties. In the South, the rate ratio (RR) for RURAL vs. LFM areas in 2011-2013 was 1.76 (95% CI 1.73 to 1.79) for WNH, 2.00 (95% CI 1.85 to 2.16) for HSP, 1.78 (95%CI 1.71 to 1.82) for BNH, 1.57 (95% CI 1.22 to 2.03) for API, and 3.13 (95% CI 2.47 to 3.96) for NNH. In the non-South, RURAL vs. LFM RRs were smaller, with the exception of API (RR 2.37, 95% CI 2.07 to 2.71). Temporal trend analyses revealed significantly smaller AAPC in RURAL areas (see Table). Conclusions: Higher death rates coupled with slower declines have resulted in a widening rural disadvantage in premature HD mortality in the United States from 2000 to 2013, particularly for WNH, HSP, BNH, and AI/AN in the South, and WNH in the non-South.

scholarly journals Smoking-Attributable Mortality by Cause of Death in the United States: An Indirect Approach

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph T. Lariscy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Attributable Mortality ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
First Report ◽  
The U.S

More than 50 years after the U.S. Surgeon General's first report on cigarette smoking and mortality, smoking remains the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. The first report established a causal association between smoking and lung cancer, and subsequent reports expanded the list of smoking-attributable causes of death to include other cancers, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and respiratory diseases. For a second level of causes of death, the current evidence is suggestive but not sufficient to infer a causal relationship with smoking. This study draws on 1980–2004 U.S. vital statistics data and applies a cause-specific version of the Preston-Glei-Wilmoth indirect method, which uses the association between lung cancer death rates and death rates for other causes of death to estimate the fraction and number of deaths attributable to smoking overall and by cause. Nearly all of the established and additional causes of death are positively associated with lung cancer mortality, suggesting that the additional causes are in fact attributable to smoking. I find 420,284 annual smoking-attributable deaths at ages 50+ for years 2000–2004, 14% of which are due to the additional causes. Results corroborate recent estimates of cause-specific smoking-attributable mortality using prospective cohort data that directly measure smoking status. The U.S. Surgeon General should reevaluate the evidence for the additional causes and consider reclassifying them as causally attributable to smoking.

scholarly journals Trends in the Causes of Death among Kidney Transplant Recipients in the United States (1996–2014)

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 472-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Awan ◽  
Jingbo Niu ◽  
Jenny S. Pan ◽  
Kevin F. Erickson ◽  
Sreedhar Mandayam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Graft Loss ◽  
Graft Function ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipients

Background: Death with graft function remains an important cause of graft loss among kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Little is known about the trend of specific causes of death in KTRs in recent years. Methods: We analyzed United States Renal Data System data (1996–2014) to determine 1- and 10-year all-cause and cause-specific mortality in adult KTRs who died with a functioning allograft. We also studied 1- and 10-year trends in the various causes of mortality. Results: Of 210,327 KTRs who received their first kidney transplant from 1996 to 2014, 3.2% died within 1 year after transplant. Cardiovascular deaths constituted the majority (24.7%), followed by infectious (15.2%) and malignant (2.9%) causes; 40.1% of deaths had no reported cause. Using 1996 as the referent year, all-cause as well as cardiovascular mortality declined, whereas mortality due to malignancy did not. For analyses of 10-year mortality, we studied 94,384 patients who received a first kidney transplant from 1996 to 2005. Of those, 22.1% died over 10 years and the causative patterns of their causes of death were similar to those associated with 1-year mortality. Conclusions: Despite the downtrend in mortality over the last 2 decades, a significant percentage of KTRs die in 10-years with a functioning graft, and cardiovascular mortality remains the leading cause of death. These data also highlight the need for diligent collection of mortality data in KTRs.

CHANGING RECOMMENDATIONS AND PRACTICE IN THE USE OF OXYGEN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 618-627
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Hypoxic Brain ◽  
Do No Harm ◽  
Restricted Use ◽  
Early Training ◽  
Limited Oxygen

On completion of the Cooperative Study of RLF, three controlled clinical trials conducted in 20 premature nurseries had unequivocally related oxygen therapy to RLF. This resulted in new recommendations to limit the use of oxygen. Although the studies of both Lanman and coworkers (1954) and Kinsey and Hemphill (1955) had not demonstrated any increase in mortality with restricted use of oxygen, many physicians were skeptical, partly because of their early training and the previous long-standing clinical experience and partly because of their fear of producing hypoxic brain damage. Nevertheless, notable changes in practice took place, and the use of oxygen was severely curtailed. The first increase in perinatal mortality in the United States occurred in 1955. At first this increase could not be ascribed to the restricted use of oxygen. However, recent analysis of subsequent mortality trends, both in the United States and Great Britain, over the next ten years of limited oxygen use (Cross 1973) has suggested that the increased mortality was indeed associated with the decreased use of oxygen. RECOMMENDATIONS Prior to 1955, the recognized textbooks of pediatrics available to pediatricians advised that oxygen be used liberally. The 12th edition of Pediatrics (Holt and McIntosh, 1953) recommended: ". . . as a rule the oxygen content of the incubator need not exceed 60%, although higher concentrations appear to do no harm and may serve to tide the patient over a spell of anoxia." In 1954 the Textbook of Pediatrics (Nelson) stated: "For the small premature infant just admitted to the nursery, observation in an atmosphere of 40 to 60 percent oxygen for a few hours or days, followed . . . ."

scholarly journals Widening Socioeconomic, Racial, and Geographic Disparities in HIV/AIDS Mortality in the United States, 1987–2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopal K. Singh ◽  
Romuladus E. Azuine ◽  
Mohammad Siahpush
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Geographic Disparities ◽  
Socioeconomic Gradients ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Deprivation Group ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
Hiv Aids

This study examined the extent to which socioeconomic and racial and geographic disparities in HIV/AIDS mortality in the United States changed between 1987 and 2011. Census-based deprivation indices were linked to county-level mortality data from 1987 to 2009. Log-linear, least-squares, and Poisson regression were used to model mortality trends and differentials. HIV/AIDS mortality rose between 1987 and 1995 and then declined markedly for all groups between 1996 and 2011. Despite the steep mortality decline, socioeconomic gradients and racial and geographic disparities in HIV/AIDS mortality increased substantially during the study period. Compared to whites, blacks had 3 times higher HIV/AIDS mortality in 1987 and 8 times higher mortality in 2011. In 1987, those in the most-deprived group had 1.9 times higher HIV/AIDS mortality than those in the most-affluent group; the corresponding relative risks increased to 2.9 in 1998 and 3.6 in 2009. Socioeconomic gradients existed across all race-sex groups, with mortality risk being 8–16 times higher among blacks than whites within each deprivation group. Dramatic reductions in HIV/AIDS mortality represent a major public health success. However, slower mortality declines among more deprived groups and blacks contributed to the widening gap. Mortality disparities reflect inequalities in incidence, access to antiretroviral therapy, and patient survival.

scholarly journals SOHAM: SEARCHING OUR-OWN HEALTH AFTER MEDICINE By Understanding Physician Mortality Data from The United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
Deepak Gupta ◽  
Sarwan Kumar ◽  
Shushovan Chakrabortty
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Control And Prevention

While SEARCHING OUR-OWN HEALTH AFTER MEDICINE (SOHAM), we as aging physicians have to first explore and expose our mortality with underlying uniqueness of causes for physician mortality. Herein, publicly available data at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from National Occupational Mortality Surveillance program of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health comes in handy. As compared to all occupational workers in the United States, intentional self-harm, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s and other degenerative disease were more likely causes of death while chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diseases of the respiratory system, ischemic heart disease and diseases of the heart were less likely causes of death among physicians in the United States. Summarily, we as physicians may have somewhat overcome sufferings of our lungs and hearts but surrendered to sufferings of our brains and minds and therefore must envisage devising physical, psychological, socioeconomic and spiritual interventions for constantly bettering our living.

scholarly journals Trends of HIV-Related Cancer Mortality between 2001 and 2018: An Observational Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Chinmay Jani ◽  
Omar Al Omari ◽  
Harpreet Singh ◽  
Alexander Walker ◽  
Kripa Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Female Mortality ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Male Mortality ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The burden of AIDS-defining cancers has remained relatively steady for the past two decades, whilst the burden of non-AIDS-defining cancer has increased. Here, we conduct a study to describe mortality trends attributed to HIV-associated cancers in 31 countries. We extracted HIV-related cancer mortality data from 2001 to 2018 from the World Health Organization Mortality Database. We computed age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) per 100,000 population using the World Standard Population. Data were visualized using Locally Weighted Scatterplot Smoothing (LOWESS). Data for females were available for 25 countries. Overall, there has been a decrease in mortality attributed to HIV-associated cancers among most of the countries. In total, 18 out of 31 countries (58.0%) and 14 out of 25 countries (56.0%) showed decreases in male and female mortality, respectively. An increasing mortality trend was observed in many developing countries, such as Malaysia and Thailand, and some developed countries, such as the United Kingdom. Malaysia had the greatest increase in male mortality (+495.0%), and Canada had the greatest decrease (−88.5%). Thailand had the greatest increase in female mortality (+540.0%), and Germany had the greatest decrease (−86.0%). At the endpoint year, South Africa had the highest ASDRs for both males (16.8/100,000) and females (19.2/100,000). The lowest was in Japan for males (0.07/100,000) and Egypt for females (0.028/100,000).

Abstract 13795: Race and Gender Differences in Mortality From Atrial Fibrillation in the United States: 1999 to 2018

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arshi Parvez ◽  
Justin Salciccioli ◽  
Augustin DeLago ◽  
Joseph Shalhoub ◽  
Adam Hartley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Black Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
The Us ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Observation Period

Objective: To assess differences in mortality trends from atrial fibrillation (AF) among different races and genders in the United States (US). Background: AF is the most common sustained cardiac arrythmia in the US. No up to date analysis has assessed AF mortality trends by race and gender across the US. Methods: For this observational analysis US AF mortality data from 1999 to 2018 for individuals >45 years of age were extracted from the CDC WONDER database. International Classification of Diseases code I48 was used to define AF. Mortality data were age-standardized to the US 2000 standard population, and stratified by gender and race (Caucasian, Black, Asian). Joinpoint regression analysis was used to assess for significant changes in trends over the observation period, and provide estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC)s with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: From 1999 to 2018, the mortality rate per 100,000 population, increased significantly from 3.7 to 8.3 (+124%, the greatest increase observed) amongst Asian men (AM), from 5.4 to 10.8 (+100%) amongst Black men (BM), and from 9.2 to 19.2 (+108%) amongst Caucasian men (CM). Mortality increases, per 100,000 population, were seen from 4.0 to 7.4 (+85%, the smallest increase observed) in Asian women (AW), 5.3 to 12.8 (+121%) in Black women (BW), and 8.9 to 19.7 (+121%) in Caucasian women (CW) over the same time period. Joinpoint analysis demonstrated significant increasing AF mortality trends for both genders and all races studied. AW had the highest EAPC of 8.6 (95% CI 6.0-11.3) between 1999-2008, which slowed to 2.2 (95% CI 0.1-4.3) between 2009-2018. AM followed a similar EAPC pattern: 7.7 (95% CI 5.7-9.8) between 1999-2008, decreasing to 0.5 (95% CI -1.1-2.2) between 2009-2018. Between 1999-2018, EAPCs increased for BW (3.8, 95% CI 3.2-4.4), CW (4.4, 95% CI 4.0-4.8), BM (4.0, 95% CI 3.4-4.6) and CM (4.8, 95% CI 4.4-5.2). Conclusion: Between 1999 and 2018, there are increasing AF mortality trends amongst both genders and all races, with Caucasians having the greatest overall increases during the observation period. EAPCs demonstrate that the rates of increases in AF mortality are greatest in Caucasians, followed by Asian then Black Americans.

scholarly journals Outcomes for Children and Adolescents With Cancer: Challenges for the Twenty-First Century

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (15) ◽  
pp. 2625-2634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm A. Smith ◽  
Nita L. Seibel ◽  
Sean F. Altekruse ◽  
Lynn A.G. Ries ◽  
Danielle L. Melbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Childhood Cancers ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This report provides an overview of current childhood cancer statistics to facilitate analysis of the impact of past research discoveries on outcome and provide essential information for prioritizing future research directions. Methods Incidence and survival data for childhood cancers came from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 9 (SEER 9) registries, and mortality data were based on deaths in the United States that were reported by states to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention by underlying cause. Results Childhood cancer incidence rates increased significantly from 1975 through 2006, with increasing rates for acute lymphoblastic leukemia being most notable. Childhood cancer mortality rates declined by more than 50% between 1975 and 2006. For leukemias and lymphomas, significantly decreasing mortality rates were observed throughout the 32-year period, though the rate of decline slowed somewhat after 1998. For remaining childhood cancers, significantly decreasing mortality rates were observed from 1975 to 1996, with stable rates from 1996 through 2006. Increased survival rates were observed for all categories of childhood cancers studied, with the extent and temporal pace of the increases varying by diagnosis. Conclusion When 1975 age-specific death rates for children are used as a baseline, approximately 38,000 childhood malignant cancer deaths were averted in the United States from 1975 through 2006 as a result of more effective treatments identified and applied during this period. Continued success in reducing childhood cancer mortality will require new treatment paradigms building on an increased understanding of the molecular processes that promote growth and survival of specific childhood cancers.

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