Advantages of upper-class backgrounds: Forms of capital, school cultures and educational performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 003802612110619
Author(s):  
Vegard Jarness ◽  
Thea Bertnes Strømme
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
School Level ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Educational Performance ◽  
Class Bias ◽  
Class Composition ◽  
School Subjects ◽  
The Individual ◽  
School Differences ◽  
Better Than

In this article, we chart connections between class and educational performance in comparatively egalitarian Norway. While viewing various forms of capital as integral parts of class background, we assess how educational performance is differentiated across the class structure. We use survey and register data to assess differences in grades in three school subjects – mathematics and spoken and written Norwegian – at the individual and school level. We focus on the year of graduation of students at lower-secondary schools in Bergen, Norway’s second largest city by population. Lending credence to Bourdieu’s model of the social space, we find differences according to both capital volume and capital composition. Students from class backgrounds rich in overall capital perform comparatively better than those from humbler class backgrounds. There are also differences within the upper class: those from homes rich in cultural capital perform comparatively better than those from homes rich in economic capital. Although between-school differences are low within the ‘unified’ Norwegian school system, the analysis indicates that grades are associated with the class composition of schools: a high proportion of upper-class students positively correlates with higher grades. In addition, there is some evidence of a collective form of class bias: in one of the school subjects, spoken Norwegian, there is a connection between individual grades and teachers’ perceptions of the culture pervasive at the school in question; this connection is contingent upon a school’s class composition. The analysis thus draws attention to the way in which class bias in grading varies between school subjects.

Macro-level Criminological Perspectives and School Delinquency: A Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 0044118X2110223
Author(s):  
Natasha Pusch
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
School Level ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Concentrated Disadvantage ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
School Differences ◽  
Academic Implications

School delinquency in public elementary, middle, and high schools has decreased in recent years, but is still a major issue that has negative mental health and academic implications for adolescents. Although research has focused on both individual-level and school-level explanations of school delinquency, it is not yet clear which macro-level criminological perspectives best explains it. Using 656 effect sizes nested within 75 studies and 30 unique datasets, this study addresses two questions using meta-analytic methods: Which macro-level criminological perspectives explain between-school differences in delinquency? Are effect sizes invariant across samples and research design? Results indicate that only concentrated disadvantage and social cohesion are significantly related to school delinquency. With the exception of concentrated disadvantage, effects are homogenous. This suggests that some school-level explanations are useful and future research should not exclude these factors. Practical implications suggest that improving social cohesion in schools may be more effective at preventing violence than target-hardening efforts.

Devanagari Text Detection From Natural Scene Images

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-59
Author(s):  
Sankirti Sandeep Shiravale ◽  
R. Jayadevan ◽  
Sanjeev S. Sannakki
Keyword(s):  
Edge Detection ◽  
Image Understanding ◽  
Text Detection ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Natural Scene ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Natural Scene Images ◽  
Better Than

Text present in a camera captured scene images is semantically rich and can be used for image understanding. Automatic detection, extraction, and recognition of text are crucial in image understanding applications. Text detection from natural scene images is a tedious task due to complex background, uneven light conditions, multi-coloured and multi-sized font. Two techniques, namely ‘edge detection' and ‘colour-based clustering', are combined in this paper to detect text in scene images. Region properties are used for elimination of falsely generated annotations. A dataset of 1250 images is created and used for experimentation. Experimental results show that the combined approach performs better than the individual approaches.

scholarly journals Theorising the deaf body: using Lefebvre and Bourdieu to understand deaf spatial experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 147447402110036
Author(s):  
Dai O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Deaf People ◽  
Work Practices ◽  
Spatial Experience ◽  
Individual Basis ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way

In the field of Deaf Geographies, one neglected area is that of the individual deaf body and how individual deaf bodies can produce deaf space in isolation from one another. Much of the work published in the field talks about collectively or socially produced deaf spaces through interaction between two or more deaf people. However, with deaf children increasingly being educated in mainstream schools with individual provisions, and the old social networks and institutions of deaf communities coming under threat by the closure of deaf clubs and changing work practices, more research on the way in which individuals can produce their own deaf spaces and navigate those spaces is needed. In this paper, I outline two possible theoretical approaches, that of Lefebvre’s productive gestures to produce social space, and Bourdieu’s habitus, capital and hexis. I suggest that these theories can be productively utilised to better understand the individual basis of the production of deaf spaces.

scholarly journals Remote sensing of aerosols by synergy of caliop and modis

2018 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 08012
Author(s):  
Rei Kudo ◽  
Tomoaki Nishizawa ◽  
Akiko Higurashi ◽  
Eiji Oikawa
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Dust Event ◽  
Carbonaceous Particles ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Better Than

For the monitoring of the global 3-D distribution of aerosol components, we developed the method to retrieve the vertical profiles of water-soluble, light absorbing carbonaceous, dust, and sea salt particles by the synergy of CALIOP and MODIS data. The aerosol product from the synergistic method is expected to be better than the individual products of CALIOP and MODIS. We applied the method to the biomass-burning event in Africa and the dust event in West Asia. The reasonable results were obtained; the much amount of the water-soluble and light absorbing carbonaceous particles were estimated in the biomass-burning event, and the dust particles were estimated in the dust event.

Four-Node Quadrilateral Element with Continuous Nodal Stress for Geometrical Nonlinear Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 1850005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongtao Yang ◽  
Xuhai Tang ◽  
Hong Zheng ◽  
Quansheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Analysis ◽  
Meshfree Method ◽  
High Tolerance ◽  
Solid Mechanic ◽  
Quadrilateral Element ◽  
Mesh Distortion ◽  
Geometrical Nonlinear ◽  
Geometrical Nonlinear Analysis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Better Than

In this paper, the performance of a hybrid ‘FE-Meshfree’ quadrilateral element with continuous nodal stress (Quad4-CNS) is investigated for geometrical nonlinear solid mechanic problems. By combining finite element method (FEM) and meshfree method, this Quad4-CNS synergizes the individual strengths of these two methods, which leads to higher accuracy, better convergence rate, as well as high tolerance to mesh distortion. Therefore, Quad4-CNS is attractive for geometrical nonlinear solid mechanic problems where excessive distorted meshes occur. For geometrical nonlinear analysis, numerical results show that the results of Quad4-CNS element are much better than those of four-node isoparametric quadrilateral element (Quad4), and are comparable to quadratic quadrilateral element (Quad8) and other hybrid ‘FE- Meshfree’ elements.

scholarly journals The face of the other: the particular versus the individual

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-313
Author(s):  
Claire Farago
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
New Spain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
European Culture ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ethnographic Image

Abstract Five interrelated case studies from the sixteenth to the twentieth centuries develop the dynamic contrast between portraiture and pictorial genres newly invented in and about Latin America that do not represent their subjects as individuals despite the descriptive focus on the particular. From Jean de Léry’s genre-defining proto-ethnographic text (1578) about the Tupinamba of Brazil to the treatment of the Creole upper class in New Spain as persons whose individuality deserves to be memorialized in contrast to the Mestizaje, African, and Indian underclass objectified as types deserving of scientific study, hierarchical distinctions between portraiture and ethnographic images can be framed in historical terms around the Aristotelian categories of the universal, the individual, and the particular. There are also some intriguing examples that destabilize these inherited distinctions, such as Puerto Rican artist José Campeche’s disturbing and poignant image of a deformed child, Juan Pantaléon Aviles, 1808; and an imaginary portrait of Moctezuma II, c. 1697, based on an ethnographic image, attributed to the leading Mexican painter Antonio Rodriguez. These anomalies serve to focus the study on the hegemonic position accorded to the viewing subject as actually precarious and unstable, always ripe for reinterpretation at the receiving end of European culture.

scholarly journals Analisis Kekerasan Simbolik dalam Buku Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di Sekolah Dasar

2020 ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Nur Ika Fatmawati ◽  
Aninditya Sri Nugraheni ◽  
Ahmad Sholikin
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
School Level ◽  
Symbolic Violence ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Educational Strategy ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
The Media ◽  
Class Habitus

This research explains about symbolic violence in Islamic religious education books is rarely done. It also checks whether or not the books used so far contain symbolic violence, because there should be no difference in religious education between upper-class and lower-class. The formulation of the problems in this study are; how the mechanism of symbolic violence in Islamic religious education textbooks in elementary schools, and how the proportion of upper-class habitus and lower-class habitus in Islamic religious education textbooks in elementary schools. This research is a qualitative study with the type of literature study. The results showed that symbolic violence still occurred in elementary schools. The mechanism that runs is through an educational strategy by hiding the process of symbolic violence in the curriculum or what we know as the hidden curriculum. One of the media used to perpetrate violence is a textbook. In Islamic Religious Education textbooks for elementary school level), there is an element of upper-class domination over the lower class. The dominance of the upper-class over the lower-classes can be seen from the proportion of habitus presented in the textbook, the number of upper-class habitus presented through sentences and pictures illustrated is far greater than the lower-class habitus.

scholarly journals Pelanggaran Lalu Lintas Berdasarkan Tingkat Pendidikan Di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-76
Author(s):  
Riski Emaniar
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
External Factors ◽  
School Level ◽  
High School Level ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The People ◽  
Traffic Violations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Internal And External Factors

This research is motivated by the number of traffic violation cases carried out by the community in Bangka Belitung. Many traffic violations carried out by children. This study aims to determine the number of traffic violators based on the level of education of the people in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province in 2016, thus it can be seen the number of traffic violators at certain levels of education in the Bangka Belitung region. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative. This descriptive research is used to describe an event or event and social phenomenon in factual and systematic. This method is used to explain the data contained in the table by using descriptive explanations. The data used is secondary data. The results showed that the highest violations in Pangkalpinang City compared to other districts. Based on the data obtained, the high school level in the city of Pangkalpinang becomes the highest number of traffic violators. Many factors cause violations among students, namely internal and external factors. Internal factors come from within the individual, while external factors are found in the surrounding environment. Need appropriate handling to overcome the occurrence of various traffic violations among students. The method taken can be preventive and repressive.   Keywords: BPS, students, minor violations.  

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA REALISTIK (PMR) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF MATEMATIK DAN KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dedi Muhtadi ◽  
Sukirwan Sukirwan
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
School Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
High School Level ◽  
Self Regulated Learning ◽  
Regulated Learning ◽  
Better Than

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan pencapaian dan peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematik (KBKM) dan kemandirian belajar peserta didik melalui implementasi Pendekatan Matematika Realistik (PMR). Populasi penelitian ini adalah peserta didik SMP Negeri di Kota Tasikmalaya. Sampel penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas VIII yang mewakili satu sekolah level tinggi dan satu sekolah level sedang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan desain kelompok kontrol pretes-postes. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu tes KBKM, skala kemandirian belajar peserta didik, dan lembar observasi. Analisis data menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan: 1) Pencapaian dan peningkatan KBKM kelompok PMR lebih baik dari kelompok PK; dan 2) Pencapaian dan peningkatan kemandirian belajar kelompok PMR lebih baik dari kelompok PK.The purposes of this study are to describe the enhancement and the achievement of students’ Mathematical Creative Thinking Skills (MCTS) and Self Regulated Learning (SRL) through implementation of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) and Conventional Learning (CL). The population of this study were Junior High School students in Tasikmalaya City. The sample of this study were eighth grade students representing the high school level and the medium school level. This research is a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest control group. The instrument used is a test MCTS, scale independence of learners, and the observation sheet. Analysis of data using Kruskal Wallis test. The final conclusion: 1) Achievement and improvement of MCTS RME group is better than CL group; and 2) Achievement and improvement of Self Regulated Learning (SRL) RME group is better than CL group.

scholarly journals A Study on the Educational Performance Analysis of Classical Education Based on Academic Interest Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-95
Author(s):  
Soon Koo Kwon ◽  
Seungjoon Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Liberal Education ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
Educational Performance ◽  
Individual Interest ◽  
Academic Interest ◽  
Classical Education ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Interest Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Education Performance

Recently, in higher education, both the necessity and the importance of a liberal education that contains an element of classical reading have been emphasized. However, it is difficult to find educational performance related with those educational programs. In order to investigate the educational performance of classical reading, surveys were given to students who were taking a ‘Reading Famous Writings’ course established at the Liberal Arts College of A university.Moreover, to investigate the differences in the educational effects of classical education, we conducted additional analysis according to the level of individual interest. To this end, pre and post surveys were conducted, which included a classical education performance scale and an academic interest scale.As a result of this study, we found that students who were taking this course improved certain competencies, namely, reading comprehension, communication, and creativity. In contrast, there was no improvement in academic interest, whether it be on an individual or situational level. However, we did find that the individual interest of students who were categorized as having a lower level of individual interest did indeed improve after taking this course. Through this study, we proved that some positive effects of a liberal education containing a classical reading element, especially as seen in the course called ‘Reading Famous Writings’, were experienced by the students.

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