Metaplexis japonicaseed hair fiber: a member of natural hollow fibers and its characterization

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (21-22) ◽  
pp. 4363-4372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongqian Wang ◽  
Dengfeng Wang ◽  
Mingrong Wang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Qing Sui
Keyword(s):  
Length Distribution ◽  
Hollow Structure ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Retention Performance ◽  
Fiber Morphology ◽  
Surface Absorption ◽  
Fiber Wall

Metaplexis japonica seed hair fibers (Mj-fiber), harvested from the seed pods of Metaplexis japonica (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) originating in China, Japan and Korea, have features ensuring its potential application in the textile and other industrial fields. In spite of the extensive study on the medicinal properties of Metaplexis japonica, research literature about Mj-fiber is quite limited. We obtained Mj-fibers by artificial peeling and seed removing; then the fiber morphology, chemical composition, structures, fiber surface absorption characteristics, and tensile and thermal properties were studied in detail. From the results, Mj-fiber has a hollow structure with a thin fiber wall and large lumen, in which the hollowness is over 92%. Uniquely, Mj-fiber is a natural profiled fiber with a cross-section of a "cross flower" morphology. At the same time, the density of it is very low, accounting for only one-fifth of the cotton fibers, and the fiber length distribution is relatively concentrated. The main component is cellulose, with a content of 53.9 ± 3.20% and structure of cellulose I. In particular, Mj-fiber has excellent hydrophobic and oil affinity surface characteristics. Moreover, the fibers bulkiness and warmth retention performance are comparable to that of duck down. Therefore, the results provide an experimental basis for the application of Mj-fibers in the textile and other industrial fields.

Microwave carbonization of cotton fiber for the production of carbon materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 54-68
Author(s):  
E. V. Matveev ◽  
◽  
A. I. Gajdar ◽  
B. A. Lapshinov ◽  
A. V. Mamontov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Thermal Method ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
Microwave Exposure ◽  
Carbonization Process ◽  
Fiber Wall ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Transverse Fractures

This article presents the results of comparative studies of the structural and physico-chemical features of cotton lint samples carbonized by the microwave method and the standard (thermal) method. The dependences of the temperature change of the samples during the microwave carbonization process are obtained. The heterogeneity of the morphology of the fiber surface along the cross-section of the microwave carbonized sample was revealed. It is shown that the structure of the surface layers is characterized by two mechanisms of fiber destruction: numerous brittle transverse fractures and coloring of the fibers in places of swellings (a sharp increase in their diameter) and fluffing of the surface into convoluted fibrils with a transverse size of 50 – 300 nm due to the destruction of the outer layers of the secondary fiber wall. In the central region, the destruction of fibers occurs by the formation of longitudinal interfibrillary slits and the delamination of the secondary fiber wall, which leads to the formation of pores with dimensions of 50 – 200 nm. It is established that during the microwave carbonization process, the central part of the sample is almost completely freed from impurities that are deposited on the fibers of the surface layers. It is shown that the integral adsorption capacity of the microwave carbonized sample is higher than the adsorption capacity of the sample carbonized by the thermal method (126 mg/g and 47 mg/g, respectively). It was found that during microwave exposure more than 10 minutes, regions with an adsorption capacity of ~ 350 – 450 mg/g appear in the carbonized material, that is comparable to the capacity of samples activated by the standard method.

Enhancement of AOCC Pulp by Laccase Treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 1336-1341
Author(s):  
Bing Sun ◽  
Yu Xin Liu ◽  
Shu Lan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Model Compound ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Fiber Morphology ◽  
Wet Strength ◽  
Gel Permeation ◽  
Heating Treatment ◽  
Scanning Electron

The Americal Old Corrugated Containers (AOCC) was treated with laccase. Fiber morphology, molecular weight and distribution of lignin were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Through the model compound of lignin (ferulic acid) was treated by laccase, the correlative mechanism for improvement of the wet-strength of pulp by laccase was discussed. The results showed that the molecular weight of lignin decreased and the lignin adhered on the fiber surface after the pulp was treated by laccase. While the laccase treated pulp with heating treatment, the condensation degree of lignin and adhesion area on fiber increased. In addition, when the ferulic acid was treated by laccase, the results were similar to AOCC pulp.

Enhancing oil-sorption performance of polypropylene fiber by surface modification via UV-induced graft polymerization of butyl acrylate

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2647-2652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoning Li ◽  
Junfu Wei ◽  
Ao Wang ◽  
Yuexia Nie ◽  
Hang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Butyl Acrylate ◽  
Graft Polymerization ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Polypropylene Fiber ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Retention Performance ◽  
Oil Sorption ◽  
Static Contact

In order to improve oil sorption performances, polypropylene (PP) fiber was modified through graft polymerization with butyl acrylate (BA) initiated by ultraviolet (UV) radiation in isopropanol/water mixture solution. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and specific surface area were used to characterize the chemical and morphological changes of the PP fiber surface. Static contact angle (CA) measurements showed that the hydrophilicity of original PP fiber was enhanced after graft polymerization. The grafted fiber exhibited an excellent oil-sorption, oil-retention performance, fast saturation-sorption rate and superior reusability of oil. When the grafting degree was 15.55%, the maximum oil-sorption capacity reached 18.35 g/g, while the oil-sorption capacity of original PP fiber was only 11.54 g/g. After the tenth cycle of reuse, the grafted fiber sorbent assembly only lost 30% of its virgin sorption capacity.

Surface Characteristics of Single Sisal Fiber and Interfacial Adhesion of Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 391-392 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Lin Xin Zhong ◽  
Xin Wen Peng ◽  
Jun Li Ren ◽  
Run Cang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Interfacial Strength ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Resin Composites

Surface characteristics including surface morphology and chemical composition of single sisal fiber and their influences on the interfacial adhesion of sisal fiber/phenolic resin composites were investigated by SEM, AFM, and XPS. The results showed that the surface of the untreated single sisal fiber contained a large amount of lignin (up to 51%). Chlorine dioxide treatment could reduce the surface lignin to a low content (20%). Removal of lignin from fiber surface could enhance the interfacial strength of sisal fiber/phenolic resin composites, giving rise to an increase by 36% in tensile strength. These results indicate that the surface properties of single sisal fiber can be tailored to improve the fiber/resin interfacial adhesion.

scholarly journals Hallmarks of cancer—the new testament

Open Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 200358
Author(s):  
Sasi S. Senga ◽  
Richard P. Grose
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Cancer Genetics ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Hallmarks Of Cancer ◽  
Neuronal Signalling ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Diagnosis and treatment of disease demand a sound understanding of the underlying mechanisms, determining any Achilles' heel that can be targeted in effective therapies. Throughout history, this endeavour to decipher the origin and mechanism of transformation of a normal cell into cancer has led to various theories—from cancer as a curse to an understanding at the level of single-cell heterogeneity, meaning even among a single sub-type of cancer there are myriad molecular challenges to overcome. With increasing insight into cancer genetics and biology, the disease has become ever more complex to understand. The complexity of cancer as a disease was distilled into key traits by Hanahan and Weinberg in their seminal ‘Hallmarks of Cancer' reviews. This lucid conceptualization of complex cancer biology is widely accepted and has helped advance cancer therapeutics by targeting the various hallmarks but, with the advancement in technologies, there is greater granularity in how we view cancer as a disease, and the additional understanding over the past decade requires us to revisit the hallmarks of cancer. Based on extensive study of the cancer research literature, we propose four novel hallmarks of cancer, namely, the ability of cells to regress from a specific specialized functional state, epigenetic changes that can affect gene expression, the role of microorganisms and neuronal signalling, to be included in the hallmark conceptualization along with evidence of various means to exploit them therapeutically.

scholarly journals A New Three-Dimensional Mobile Magnetic Melt Spinning Device

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Wu Zhao ◽  
Qingjie Liu ◽  
Miao Yu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Fiber Morphology ◽  
High Voltage Power Supply ◽  
Melt Electrospinning

Abstract The size and morphology of nanofibers directly determine their application scope and performance, while regular patterned fibers further demonstrate their superior performance in the field of sensors and biomaterials. Melt electrospinning enables controlled deposition of fibers and is currently one of the most important means of preparing patterned fibers. However, due to the existence of high-voltage electric field, melt electrospinning has safety problems such as partial discharge and electric field breakdown, coupled with the charge rejection on the fiber surface, which seriously affects the positioning deposition of fibers and makes it difficult to obtain regular patterned fibers, greatly limiting the application areas and application effects of patterned fibers. Therefore, the improvement and innovation of the spinning process is particularly urgent. Based on material-field model and contradiction matrix of TRIZ theory, the problems of melt electrospinning device are systematically analyzed. The technical conflicts are solved by the inventive principles. A three-dimensional mobile magnetic melt spinning device model is constructed, a magnetic spinning test prototype is developed, and the prototype performance and influencing factors are studied by fiber morphology. The results show the following: (1) Replacing electrostatic fields with permanent magnetic fields can fundamentally avoid safety hazards such as electric field breakdown. (2) The magnetic field force on the molten polymer fluid can generate enough stretching force to overcome the surface tension and form fibers. (3) The fibers are deposited without a whipping instability phase similar to the electrospinning process, allowing easy preparation of regular patterned fibers. (4) The planar motion of the collector creates additional stretching effect on the fibers, which can further reduce the fiber diameter. (5) In magnetic spinning, no external high-voltage power supply is required, enabling the portability of the device. The results of this paper can provide a new method for preparing nanofibers with patterned morphology.

Effect of fiber surface characteristics on foam properties

Cellulose ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 3315-3325
Author(s):  
Qiupeng Hou ◽  
Xiwen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Foam Properties

scholarly journals Exploiting Plasma Exposed, Natural Surface Nanostructures in Ramie Fibers for Polymer Composite Applications

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameer F. Hamad ◽  
Nicola Stehling ◽  
Simon A. Hayes ◽  
Joel P. Foreman ◽  
C. Rodenburg
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Plant Fibers ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Surface Nanostructures ◽  
Ramie Fibers ◽  
Mechanical Tensile

Nanoscale surface morphology of plant fibers has important implications for the interfacial bonding in fiber-polymer composites. In this study, we investigated and quantified the effect of plasma-surface modification on ramie plant fibers as a potential tool for simple and efficient surface modification. The extensive investigation of the effects of plasma treatment of the fiber surface nano-morphology and its effect on the fiber-polymer interface was performed by Low-Voltages Scanning Electron Microscopy (LV-SEM), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis, fiber-resin angle measurements and mechanical (tensile) testing. The LV-SEM imaging of uncoated plasma treated fibers reveals nanostructures such as microfibrils and elementary fibrils and their importance for fiber mechanical properties, fiber wettability, and fiber-polymer matrix interlocking which all peak at short plasma treatment times. Thus, such treatment can be an effective in modifying the fiber surface characteristics and fiber-polymer matrix interlocking favorably for composite applications.

Influence of Thermally Activated Alum Sludge Ash on the near Surface Characteristics of Multiple-Blended Binders Concretes

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 421-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haider Mohammed Owaid ◽  
Roszilah Hamid ◽  
Mohd Raihan Taha
Keyword(s):  
Inner Core ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Initial Surface ◽  
Surface Absorption ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Cement Replacement ◽  
Thermally Activated ◽  
Alum Sludge ◽  
Sludge Ash

This research presents the results of an investigation on the influence of thermally activated alum sludge ash (AASA) as a partial cement replacement on the near-surface characteristics of binary and ternary blended binder (TBB) concretes incorporating silica fume (SF), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and palm oil fuel ash (POFA). All of the mixtures were prepared with a water/binder ratio and total binder content of 0.30 and 493 kg/m3, respectively. Initial surface absorption (ISAT) and sorptivity tests were conducted at the age of 28 days. Results indicate decrease in the ISAT and sorptivity values of binary blended binders with 15% AASA cement replacement compared with the control and 20% AASA concretes. A higher replacement level of 20% AASA did not help improve inner core durability but improved surface durability characteristics. All TBB concretes performed better than the binary blends with AASA at the same replacement levels.

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