scholarly journals Immigrant concentration at the neighbourhood level and bloc voting: The case of Amsterdam

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 766-788
Author(s):  
Floris Vermeulen ◽  
Maria Kranendonk ◽  
Laure Michon
Keyword(s):  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Concentration Effect ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Political Behaviour ◽  
Immigrant Background ◽  
Immigrant Concentration ◽  
Neighbourhood Level ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Using Data

Bloc voting, whereby people vote for candidates of the same immigrant background as themselves, provides one possible avenue for immigrants to access political systems. A relevant but understudied element in the bloc voting process is the neighbourhood and, specifically, the effects of its demographic concentration. While we have observed how immigrant voters become socialised within the context of immigrant neighbourhoods, we do not yet understand how immigrant concentration at this level impacts immigrants’ political behaviour. Do such high levels relate more strongly to bloc voting than low levels? Using data from Amsterdam’s 2010 and 2014 local elections, this article compares voting patterns of the Dutch capital’s three largest immigrant groups: Turks, Moroccans and Surinamese. The study’s analyses determine whether changes within a neighbourhood relate to immigrant candidate votes. Our findings reveal that for some groups, the percentage of eligible co-immigrant voters in a neighbourhood shows a positive non-linear correlation with the percentage of votes for candidates of the same immigrant background. This illustrates that for these groups in these contexts a concentration effect is at play.

scholarly journals The Political Integration of Immigrants: How Pre- and Postmigration Contexts Matter

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Dollmann
Keyword(s):  
Political Trust ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Integration ◽  
Political Behaviour ◽  
Immigrant Background ◽  
Integration Of Immigrants ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Attitudinal Dimension ◽  
Large Representative

AbstractThis study examines the political integration of immigrants in Germany and asks whether immigrants and their descendants show similar rates of political participation and expression of political attitudes as the population without an immigrant background. Furthermore, the study focusses on the pre- and postmigration context of immigrants and analyses whether immigrants differ in their level of political integration depending on (1) whether they come from more or less authoritarian regimes and (2) whether they have experienced discrimination in the receiving context. Using data from CILS4EU-DE, with a large representative sample of (children of) immigrants and non-immigrants in Germany, we observe differences in the political integration between immigrants and non-immigrants only on the attitudinal level, with immigrants showing lower levels of political trust but also slightly higher levels of satisfaction with the democratic system in Germany. When focussing on the effects of the pre- and the postmigration context, we observe differential results for the behavioural and attitudinal dimension: when immigrants stem from more authoritarian countries as well as when they have experienced more discrimination in the receiving context, this seems to mobilise respondents with respect to their political behaviour; however, it results in lower levels of political integration on the attitudinal dimension.

scholarly journals Why Do Immigrant and Swedish Adolescents Engage in Ethnic Victimization? Common and Distinct Underlying Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 2236-2248
Author(s):  
S. Bayram Özdemir ◽  
C. Giles ◽  
M. Özdemir
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigrants ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
School Settings ◽  
Immigrant Background ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Native Youth ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Ethnic Victimization

AbstractYouth of immigrant background are at risk of experiencing victimization due to their ethnic or cultural background. However, limited knowledge is available regarding why youth victimize their immigrant peers, and whether the factors associated with engagement in ethnic victimization vary across adolescents of different background. To address this gap in knowledge, the present study aimed to elucidate the common or differential factors associated with engagement in ethnic victimization among immigrant and native youth. The analytical sample included seventh grade students residing in Sweden from 55 classrooms (N = 963, Mage = 13.11, SD = 0.41; 46% girls; 38% youth of immigrant background). The results showed that being morally disengaged and engaging in general victimization are the common denominators of engagement in ethnic victimization for immigrant and Swedish youth. Low levels of positive attitudes toward immigrants provide a foundation for ethnic victimization among Swedish youth, but not youth of immigrant background. Classroom ethnic composition was not significantly related to engagement in ethnic victimization in either group. Predictors of engagement in ethnic victimization seem to have similarities and differences among immigrant and Swedish youth. The factors involved require further attention in developing strategies to combat bias-based hostile behaviors in diverse school settings.

scholarly journals Trajectories of Unsecured Debt across the Life Course and Mental Health at Midlife

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Ruining Sun ◽  
Jason N. Houle
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Debt Accumulation ◽  
Unsecured Debt ◽  
Trajectory Models ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Substantial Heterogeneity

In this paper, we contribute to a growing literature on debt and mental health and ask whether patterns of unsecured debt accumulation and repayment over two decades are associated with depressive symptoms at age 50. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1979 Cohort and group trajectory models, we have three key findings. First, we find substantial heterogeneity in debt trajectories across the life course. Second, respondents who report consistently high debt levels across the life course or who cycle in and out of high debt report significantly more depressive symptoms than respondents who hold consistently low levels of debt. These findings hold for both absolute and relative (debt-to-income) debt. Third, we find that the association between debt and depressive symptoms is strongest among respondents with less than a college degree, but we find less evidence for heterogeneity by race in this cohort.

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS ELIGIBLE FOR BARIATRIC SURGERY

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziela Aparecida Nogueira de Almeida RIBEIRO ◽  
Helenice Brizolla GIAMPIETRO ◽  
Lídia Barbieri BELARMINO ◽  
Wilson SALGADO-JÚNIOR
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Psychological Profile ◽  
Psychosocial Characteristics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Binge Eating Scale ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background: The psychologist who works in bariatric surgery has a role to receive, evaluate, prepare and educate the patient who will undergo the surgical procedure. Psychological evaluation becomes important in so far as allows us to obtain data on personal and familiar history and allow tracing of possible psychopathology. Aim: To collect data on psychological evaluations of patients in a bariatric surgery service of a public hospital in order to describe the psychological profile of patients in this service. Method: Data were collected from 827 patients between 2001 and 2015, using data from an interview, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Binge Eating Scale (BES). Results: The mean age of patients before surgery was 39 years+/- 10, the mean BMI was 51 kg/m²+7, and most patients (81%) were female. The average score on the BDI was 14.8+8 and women had significantly higher scores than men. On the BAI the average score was 11+8 and on the ECAP was 14+8, both with no difference between groups. Conclusions: Psychosocial characteristics of the patients points to the significant presence of indicators of depression, with low levels of anxiety and binge eating.

scholarly journals The course of social media use problems in secondary school adolescents: A latent class growth analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maartje Boer ◽  
gonneke stevens ◽  
Catrin Finkenauer ◽  
Regina van den Eijnden
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Latent Class Growth Analysis ◽  
Social Media Use ◽  
Immigrant Background ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Latent Class Growth

Little is known about how addiction-like social media use (SMU) problems evolve over time. Using four waves of longitudinal data collected in 2015-2019 from 1,414 adolescents (Mage = 12.5, 46.0% girl, 21.9% immigrant background), this study aimed to identify adolescents’ trajectories of SMU problems in parallel with their trajectories of SMU intensity. Latent class growth analysis identified two subgroups with persistently high levels of SMU problems, of which one with high (24.7%) and one with average SMU intensity (14.8%), and two subgroups with persistently low levels of SMU problems, of which one with low (22.3%) and one with high SMU intensity (38.2%). Compared to the largest subgroup, the two subgroups with high levels of SMU problems showed more problematic profiles.

scholarly journals Configurational Analysis of the Driving Paths of Chinese Digital Economy Based on the Technology–Organization–Environment Framework

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824402110545
Author(s):  
Shuangying Chen ◽  
Qiyue Li ◽  
Bo Lei ◽  
Na Wang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Digital Competence ◽  
Configurational Analysis ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Toe Framework ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Using Data

The purpose of this study was to examine the combinations of factors driving the digital economy and their configurational pathways, based on the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework. Using data on 31 Chinese provinces, the study integrated the TOE framework with Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to examine the digital economy. The results indicate that (a) firms’ digital competence is a necessary condition for the development of the digital economy; (b) four pathways drive high levels of digital economic development and three pathways lead to low levels of digital economic development; and (c) these pathways indicate asymmetry between high and low levels of digital economic development. The findings enhance understanding of the complex interactions of multiple factors driving the digital economy. They also yield policy recommendations for the development of the digital economy.

scholarly journals Intense precipitation events in the Central Range of the Iberian Peninsula

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 2289-2300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Mora García ◽  
Jesús Riesco Martín ◽  
José Miguel Sánchez Llorente ◽  
Luis Rivas Soriano ◽  
Fernando de Pablo Dávila
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Moisture Flux ◽  
Synoptic Situation ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
The North ◽  
Low Level Jet ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Precipitation Events ◽  
High Range

Abstract. Intense orographic precipitation associated with the Central Range was analysed using data of maximum accumulated precipitation in 24 h, occurring between 1958 and 2010. The 18 selected episodes were associated with a southwesterly tropospheric flow, a low-level jet, and high moisture flux at low levels. The observed moisture flux was higher than 100 (m g(s kg)−1) and the dry and wet Froude numbers were greater than 1. The selected area to study this synoptic situation was Gredos, broad and high range, which is located in the eastern part of the Central Range and generates a leeward orographic shadow. The effect of the Central Range on the spatial distribution of precipitation on the Iberian Peninsula plateau results in a sharp increase in precipitation in the south of the Central Range, followed by a decrease to the north of this range.

The Determinants of Labor Absence: Economic Factors and Workgroup Norms across Countries

ILR Review ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 764-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Drago ◽  
Mark Wooden
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Employee Characteristics ◽  
Absence From Work

The authors analyze causes of absence from work using data from a survey distributed in 1988 to workers in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States. The results indicate that workgroup cohesion (the degree to which employees work together closely and harmoniously) was associated with low levels of absence if job satisfaction was high, but with high levels of absence if job satisfaction was low. Some employee characteristics associated with lower rates of absence were male gender, short tenure, part-time status, and high wages; shiftwork, sick leave entitlements, and low unemployment rates were associated with higher rates of absence. The authors also find that the determinants of whether a worker was absent at least once in a given year are distinct from the determinants of the frequency and duration of absences among those workers who were absent at least once.

Returns to education in Russia: Nowhere below?

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-68
Author(s):  
R. I. Kapeliushnikov
Keyword(s):  
Returns To Education ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Short Cycle ◽  
The Past ◽  
Monitoring Survey ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Russian Education

The paper presents a wide set of estimates for returns to education in Russia, introducing a number of new sources of microdata that previosly remained unused by both Russian and foreign researchers. Until now virtually all available estimates for Russia were based on data from a single source — The Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey — Higher School of Economics (RLMS-HSE). According to these data, since the mid-2000s returns to education rapidly declined and have dropped to abnormally low levels. The paper tests the thesis of ultra-low economic value of Russian education using data from three alternative representative surveys regularly conducted by Rosstat. The analysis shows that currently returns to education in Russia reach 12—13%, which is much higher than the standard RLMS estimates. University-type tertiary education almost doubles earnings (its premium approaches to 100%), and even short-cycle tertiary education provides a premium of about 20—30%. Alternative sources also indicate that over the past 15 years, returns to education in Russia remained stable and, therefore, no decreasing trend in the economic value of education has been observed. This makes it possible to reject the currently popular thesis about abnormally low returns to education in Russia.

scholarly journals Does incidental exposure on social media equalize or reinforce participatory gaps? Evidence from a panel study

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 2463-2482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffael Heiss ◽  
Jörg Matthes
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Political Information ◽  
Political Interest ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Incidental Exposure ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Using Data ◽  
High Effort

Existing research indicates that incidental exposure to political information on social media may function as an equalizer, stimulating political engagement among the politically detached. In this article, we challenge this notion and propose that there are good reasons to assume that incidental exposure may reinforce existing gaps. We test the equalizing against the reinforcing hypothesis using data from a two-wave panel study ( N = 559). We find a positive main effect of incidental exposure on low-effort digital participation. However, this effect was not conditional on political interest, as the equalizing assumption would have suggested. More interestingly, we found that the effect of incidental exposure on high-effort digital participation was conditional on political interest. However, against the assumption of equalization, individuals with low levels of political interest were negatively affected by incidental exposure, thus lending support for the reinforcement hypothesis. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed.

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