scholarly journals Intense precipitation events in the Central Range of the Iberian Peninsula

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 2289-2300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Mora García ◽  
Jesús Riesco Martín ◽  
José Miguel Sánchez Llorente ◽  
Luis Rivas Soriano ◽  
Fernando de Pablo Dávila
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Moisture Flux ◽  
Synoptic Situation ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
The North ◽  
Low Level Jet ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Precipitation Events ◽  
High Range

Abstract. Intense orographic precipitation associated with the Central Range was analysed using data of maximum accumulated precipitation in 24 h, occurring between 1958 and 2010. The 18 selected episodes were associated with a southwesterly tropospheric flow, a low-level jet, and high moisture flux at low levels. The observed moisture flux was higher than 100 (m g(s kg)−1) and the dry and wet Froude numbers were greater than 1. The selected area to study this synoptic situation was Gredos, broad and high range, which is located in the eastern part of the Central Range and generates a leeward orographic shadow. The effect of the Central Range on the spatial distribution of precipitation on the Iberian Peninsula plateau results in a sharp increase in precipitation in the south of the Central Range, followed by a decrease to the north of this range.

scholarly journals Intense precipitation events in the Central range of the Iberian Peninsula

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Mora García ◽  
Jesus Riesco Martín ◽  
José Miguel Sánchez Llorente ◽  
Luís Rivas Soriano ◽  
Fernando de Pablo Dávila
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Moisture Flux ◽  
Synoptic Situation ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
The North ◽  
Low Level Jet ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Precipitation Events ◽  
High Range

Abstract. Intense orographic precipitation associated with the Central range was analysed using data from 19 episodes, with the highest average values for the study area, of precipitation accumulated within 24 h, occurring between years 1958 to 2010. All events were associated with a south-westerly tropospheric flow, a low level jet, and high moisture flux at low levels. The observed moisture flux was higher than 100 m g (s kg)−1 and the dry and wet Froude numbers were greater than 1. The selected area to study this synoptic situation was Gredos, broad and high range, which is located in the eastern part of the Central mountain range and generates leeward orographic shadow. The effect of the Central range on the spatial distribution of precipitation on the Iberian Peninsula plateau results in a sharp increase in precipitation in the south of the Central mountain range, followed by a decrease to the north of this range.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Flow Patterns Associated with Extreme Precipitation and Atmospheric Rivers over Norway

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 1415-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imme Benedict ◽  
Karianne Ødemark ◽  
Thomas Nipen ◽  
Richard Moore
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Moisture Flux ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Fuzzy Cluster ◽  
The South ◽  
Atmospheric Rivers ◽  
The North ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
Precipitation Events

Abstract A climatology of extreme cold season precipitation events in Norway from 1979 to 2014 is presented, based on the 99th percentile of the 24-h accumulated precipitation. Three regions, termed north, west, and south are identified, each exhibiting a unique seasonal distribution. There is a proclivity for events to occur during the positive phase of the NAO. The result is statistically significant at the 95th percentile for the north and west regions. An overarching hypothesis of this work is that anomalous moisture flux, or so-called atmospheric rivers (ARs), are integral to extreme precipitation events during the Norwegian cold season. An objective analysis of the integrated vapor transport illustrates that more than 85% of the events are associated with ARs. An empirical orthogonal function and fuzzy cluster technique is used to identify the large-scale weather patterns conducive to the moisture flux and extreme precipitation. Five days before the event and for each of the three regions, two patterns are found. The first represents an intense, southward-shifted jet with a southwest–northeast orientation. The second identifies a weak, northward-shifted, zonal jet. As the event approaches, regional differences become more apparent. The distinctive flow pattern conducive to orographically enhanced precipitation emerges in the two clusters for each region. For the north and west regions, this entails primarily zonal flow impinging upon the south–north-orientated topography, the difference being the latitude of the strong flow. In contrast, the south region exhibits a significant southerly component to the flow.

scholarly journals Thermal potential of a geothermal earth-to-air heat exchanger in six climatic conditions of México

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
M. Rodríguez-Vázquez ◽  
J. Xamán ◽  
Y. Chávez ◽  
I. Hernández-Pérez ◽  
E. Simá
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Dry Climates ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Poor Ventilation

In this paper, the thermal and ventilation potential of a geothermal Earth-to-Air Heat exchanger (EAHE) is studied for six weather in Mexico. The cities for the study and their climate were Villahermosa (hot-humid), Merida (hot-sub humid), Monterrey (dry), Juarez City (very dry), Zacualtipan-Hidalgo (warm-humid) and Mexico City (warm-sub-humid). The thermal behavior of the EAHE was modeled numerically for the corresponding warmest and coldest days of the year for each city and three values of Reynolds number. The 24 hrs simulations were carried out with an in-house code using data every 10 minutes. To get the results, 5,184 computational runs were necessary. The results showed that the EAHE has poor ventilation potential for climates with high levels of humidity such as Villahermosa, while for cities with low levels of humidity such as Chihuahua, the ventilation potential increases significantly, the rest of the cities fall in between. As for its application in Mexico, the results show that the EAHE is highly recommended for dry climates such as at the north of the country and not recommended for humid climates such as at the south and south-east of the country.

scholarly journals Rapid and sudden advection of warm and dry air in the Mediterranean basin

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 3735-3762
Author(s):  
J. Mazon ◽  
D. Pino ◽  
M. Barriendos
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Synoptic Situation ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
The North ◽  
American Meteorological Society ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Abstract. Rapid advection of extremely warm and dry air is studied during two events in the Mediterranean basin. On 27 August 2010 a rapid advection of extremely warm and dry air affected the northeast Iberian Peninsula during few hours. At the Barcelona city center, the temperature reached 39.3 °C, which is the maximum temperature value recorded during 230 yr of daily data series. On 23 March 2008 a similar synoptic situation was the cause of a rapid increase of temperature and drop of relative humidity recorded for few hours in Heraklion (Crete). During the morning on that day the recorded temperature reaches 34 °C for several hours in the north coastline of this island. According to the World Meteorological Organization none of these events can be classified as a heat wave, which requires at least two days of abnormally high temperatures; or as a heat burst as defined by the American Meteorological Society, where abnormal temperatures take place over a few minutes. For this reason, we suggest naming this type of event flash heat. By using data from automatic weather stations in the Barcelona and Heraklion area and WRF mesoscale numerical simulations, these events are analyzed. Additionally, the primary risks and possible impacts on several fields are presented.

IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA K-Modes UNTUK MENENTUKAN STRATEGI MARKETING STMIK BUDI DARMA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewin Karman Nduru ◽  
Efori Buulolo ◽  
Pristiwanto Pristiwanto
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Data Mining ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Process Data ◽  
School Students ◽  
The North ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data ◽  
North Sumatra

Universities or institutions that operate in North Sumatra are very many, therefore, of course, competition in accepting new students is very tight, universities or institutions do certain ways or steps to be able to compete with other campuses in gaining interest from community or high school students who will continue their studies to a higher level. STMIK BUDI DARMA Medan (College of Information and Computer Management), is the first computer high school in Medan which was established on March 1, 1996 and received approval from the government through the Minister of Education and Culture, on July 23, 1996 with operating license number 48 / D / O / 1996, in promoting the campus, the team usually formed a promotion team to various regions in the North Sumatra Region to provide information to the community. Students who have learned in this campus are quite a lot who come from various regions in North Sumatra, from this point the need to process data from students who are active in college to be processed using data mining to achieve a target, one method that can be used in data mining, namely the ¬K-Modes clustering (grouping) algorithm. This method is a grouping of student data that will be a help to campus students in promoting, using the K-Modes algorithm is expected to help and become a reference for marketing in determining the marketing strategy STMIK Budi Darma MedanKeywords: STMIK Budi Darma, Marketing Strategy, K-Modes Algorithm.

scholarly journals A Prototype Quantitative Precipitation Estimation Algorithm for Operational S-Band Polarimetric Radar Utilizing Specific Attenuation and Specific Differential Phase. Part II: Performance Verification and Case Study Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 999-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Cocks ◽  
Lin Tang ◽  
Pengfei Zhang ◽  
Alexander Ryzhkov ◽  
Brian Kaney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Differential Phase ◽  
Specific Attenuation ◽  
Quantitative Precipitation Estimation ◽  
Precipitation Estimation ◽  
Bias Ratio ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Precipitation Events

Abstract The quantitative precipitation estimate (QPE) algorithm developed and described in Part I was validated using data collected from 33 Weather Surveillance Radar 1988-Doppler (WSR-88D) radars on 37 calendar days east of the Rocky Mountains. A key physical parameter to the algorithm is the parameter alpha α, defined as the ratio of specific attenuation A to specific differential phase KDP. Examination of a significant sample of tropical and continental precipitation events indicated that α was sensitive to changes in drop size distribution and exhibited lower (higher) values when there were lower (higher) concentrations of larger (smaller) rain drops. As part of the performance assessment, the prototype algorithm generated QPEs utilizing a real-time estimated and a fixed α were created and evaluated. The results clearly indicated ~26% lower errors and a 26% better bias ratio with the QPE utilizing a real-time estimated α as opposed to using a fixed value as was done in previous studies. Comparisons between the QPE utilizing a real-time estimated α and the operational dual-polarization (dual-pol) QPE used on the WSR-88D radar network showed the former exhibited ~22% lower errors, 7% less bias, and 5% higher correlation coefficient when compared to quality controlled gauge totals. The new QPE also provided much better estimates for moderate to heavy precipitation events and performed better in regions of partial beam blockage than the operational dual-pol QPE.

scholarly journals Impact of air–sea coupling on the climate change signal over the Iberian Peninsula

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba de la Vara ◽  
William Cabos ◽  
Dmitry V. Sein ◽  
Claas Teichmann ◽  
Daniela Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Climate Change Signal ◽  
The North ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn this work we use a regional atmosphere–ocean coupled model (RAOCM) and its stand-alone atmospheric component to gain insight into the impact of atmosphere–ocean coupling on the climate change signal over the Iberian Peninsula (IP). The IP climate is influenced by both the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean sea. Complex interactions with the orography take place there and high-resolution models are required to realistically reproduce its current and future climate. We find that under the RCP8.5 scenario, the generalized 2-m air temperature (T2M) increase by the end of the twenty-first century (2070–2099) in the atmospheric-only simulation is tempered by the coupling. The impact of coupling is specially seen in summer, when the warming is stronger. Precipitation shows regionally-dependent changes in winter, whilst a drier climate is found in summer. The coupling generally reduces the magnitude of the changes. Differences in T2M and precipitation between the coupled and uncoupled simulations are caused by changes in the Atlantic large-scale circulation and in the Mediterranean Sea. Additionally, the differences in projected changes of T2M and precipitation with the RAOCM under the RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 scenarios are tackled. Results show that in winter and summer T2M increases less and precipitation changes are of a smaller magnitude with the RCP4.5. Whilst in summer changes present a similar regional distribution in both runs, in winter there are some differences in the NW of the IP due to differences in the North Atlantic circulation. The differences in the climate change signal from the RAOCM and the driving Global Coupled Model show that regionalization has an effect in terms of higher resolution over the land and ocean.

Late to the Party: The Development of Partisanship in Thailand

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Hicken
Keyword(s):  
Political Conflict ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
The North ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Zero Sum

AbstractThis article investigates the emergence of new partisan identities in Thailand. Using data from Thailand's last several elections I trace the emergence of partisanship over the last 15 years, particularly in the north and northeast. The change in the nature of partisanship has helped turn long-simmering tensions into an increasingly intractable political conflict. This mass partisan alignment has upset the equilibrium of Thai politics, transforming what was once an inefficient but modest-stakes game of political horse-trading into a zero sum game with extremely high stakes.

scholarly journals Assessing Future Changes in the East Asian Summer Monsoon Using CMIP5 Coupled Models

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 7662-7675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyong-Hwan Seo ◽  
Jung Ok ◽  
Jun-Hyeok Son ◽  
Dong-Hyun Cha
Keyword(s):  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Moisture Flux ◽  
Moisture Convergence ◽  
Cmip5 Models ◽  
Moisture Flux Convergence ◽  
The North ◽  
Asian Summer

Abstract Future changes in the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) are estimated from historical and Representative Concentration Pathway 6.0 (RCP6) experiments of the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The historical runs show that, like the CMIP3 models, the CMIP5 models produce slightly smaller precipitation. A moisture budget analysis illustrates that this precipitation deficit is due to an underestimation in evaporation and ensuing moisture flux convergence. Of the two components of the moisture flux convergence (i.e., moisture convergence and horizontal moist advection), moisture convergence associated with mass convergence is underestimated to a greater degree. Precipitation is anticipated to increase by 10%–15% toward the end of the twenty-first century over the major monsoonal front region. A statistically significant increase is predicted to occur mostly over the Baiu region and to the north and northeast of the Korean Peninsula. This increase is attributed to an increase in evaporation and moist flux convergence (with enhanced moisture convergence contributing the most) induced by the northwestward strengthening of the North Pacific subtropical high (NPSH), a characteristic feature of the future EASM that occurred in CMIP5 simulations. Along the northern and northwestern flank of the strengthened NPSH, intensified southerly or southwesterly winds lead to the increase in moist convergence, enhancing precipitation over these areas. However, future precipitation over the East China Sea is projected to decrease. In the EASM domain, a local mechanism prevails, with increased moisture and moisture convergence leading to a greater increase in moist static energy in the lower troposphere than in the upper troposphere, reducing tropospheric stability.

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