Personality Factors as Moderators of the Psychological Impact of Life Stress

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Duckitt ◽  
Teresa Broil
Keyword(s):  
Life Stress ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Retrospective Studies ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Life Change ◽  
Life Changes ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
The Impact

Six personality dimensions, derived by factor analysis from the 16 PF, were examined as possible moderators of the impact of recent life changes on psychological strain in a student sample. The results indicated a significant interaction effect for only one of these dimensions, extraversion, with high scorers (extraverts) appearing to be significantly more tolerant of recent life change than low scorers (introverts). This finding, which appears to be consistent with reports from other retrospective studies indicating that measures of arousal-seeking status moderate the psychological impact of life stress, is discussed in terms of Eysenck's theory of extraversion.

Life Stress, Personality and Illness Behavior: A Prospective Study

1983 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
John Duckitt ◽  
Teresa Broil
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Illness Behavior ◽  
Life Changes ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Life

Six personality dimensions derived from a principal components analysis of the 16 PF were examined as possible modifiers of the impact of recent life changes on illness behavior in a prospective study of a student sample ( N = 136). Results indicated that undesirable life changes significantly predicted illness behavior while total life changes did not. None of the six personality dimensions proved to be significant predictors of illness behavior. The results did, however, indicate a significant interaction between the dimension of sensitivity and life stress, with low scorers on this dimension showing a strong tendency to react to life stress with increased illness behavior while high scorers did not. This finding is interpreted in terms of Sheldrake's hypothesis that more outer-directed persons would tend to suppress direct evidence of stress and therefore discharge stresses through forms of illness commonly regarded as non-stress-related.

The Impact of Amyloid-β or Tau on Cognitive Change in the Presence of Severe Cerebrovascular Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 573-585
Author(s):  
Hyemin Jang ◽  
Hee Jin Kim ◽  
Yeong Sim Choe ◽  
Soo-Jong Kim ◽  
Seongbeom Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
The Impact

Background: As Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) commonly coexist, the interaction between two has been of the considerable interest. Objective: We determined whether the association of Aβ and tau with cognitive decline differs by the presence of significant CSVD. Methods: We included 60 subcortical vascular cognitive impairment (SVCI) from Samsung Medical Center and 82 Alzheimer’s disease-related cognitive impairment (ADCI) from ADNI, who underwent Aβ (florbetaben or florbetapir) and tau (flortaucipir, FTP) PET imaging. They were retrospectively assessed for 5.0±3.9 and 5.6±1.9 years with Clinical Dementia Rating-sum of boxes (CDR-SB)/Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Mixed effects models were used to investigate the interaction between Aβ/tau and group on CDR-SB/MMSE changes. Results: The frequency of Aβ positivity (45% versus 54.9%, p = 0.556) and mean global FTP SUVR (1.17±0.21 versus 1.16±0.17, p = 0.702) were not different between the two groups. We found a significant interaction effect of Aβ positivity and SVCI group on CDR-SB increase/MMSE decrease (p = 0.013/p < 0.001), and a significant interaction effect of global FTP uptake and SVCI group on CDR-SB increase/MMSE decrease (p < 0.001 and p = 0.030). Finally, the interaction effects of regional tau and group were prominent in the Braak III/IV (p = 0.001) and V/VI (p = 0.003) not in Braak I/II region (p = 0.398). Conclusion: The association between Aβ/tau and cognitive decline is stronger in SVCI than in ADCI. Therefore, our findings suggested that Aβ positivity or tau burden (particularly in the Braak III/IV or V/VI regions) and CSVD might synergistically affect cognitive decline.

Children's and Parents' Anxiety Levels pre and post Thoracoplasty. Play Specialist-based Intervention beneficial Outcomes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Giulia Federica Perasso ◽  
Chiara Allegri ◽  
Gloria Camurati ◽  
Nicola Disma ◽  
Michele Torre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Paediatric Surgery ◽  
Pectus Carinatum ◽  
Pediatric Hospital ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Impact

Paediatric surgery elicits anxiety in children and their parents. The present study tests the impact of Play Specialist-based intervention (PS) on children's and parents' anxiety pre and post thoracoplasty. The study was held at Gaslini pediatric hospital (Genoa, Italy) and involved families with a child undergoing thoracoplasty to correct children's pectus carinatum (PC) or excavatum (PE). Children provided with PS-based intervention (n=40) were compared with control children (n=32). The mothers of PS children (n=40) were compared with the control mothers (n=32), and the fathers of PS children (n=40) were compared with the control fathers (n=32). Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was administered to assess pre and post thoracoplasty anxiety. T-tests and Analyses of Covariance (ANCOVA), Bayes factors for t-tests and ANCOVA were computed. A significant interaction effect between time and group (i.e., PS and controls) emerged for children, mothers, and fathers. Bonferroni post-hoc analyses revealed that PS children's and PS mothers' postoperative anxiety was lower than controls' postoperative anxiety. PS fathers' experienced greater preoperative anxiety than controls and no significant differences with control fathers emerged in postoperative anxiety. PS-based intervention emerged to reduce children's and parents' anxiety over time, and to diminish children's and mothers' postoperative anxiety in comparison with the controls.

scholarly journals Psychological Wellbeing during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Influence of Personality Traits in the Italian Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5862
Author(s):  
Chiara Rossi ◽  
Andrea Bonanomi ◽  
Osmano Oasi
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
The Impact

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has had a strong psychological impact on the Italian population. Italy was heavily affected by the virus before other countries in Europe, experiencing the highest number of deaths. Unknown symptoms in the early stages of the pandemic and the absence of clear transmission links affected people’s wellbeing. Individual personality differences played a key role in perceived psychological wellbeing during the pandemic. The present exploratory study sought to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on psychological health and identify how psychological wellbeing is influenced by personality traits. A total of 2103 participants (64% female and 36% male) completed an online survey that included the Psychological General Wellbeing Index (PGWBI), the Italian Short Personality Inventory (ITAPI), and a general questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and hierarchical regressions were performed using SPSS 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) (The findings showed poor psychological wellbeing in the Italian population. Young people reported the lowest scores. Vulnerability traits negatively influenced some PGWBI domains, such as the total score (β = −0.62), anxiety (β = −0.55), depression (β = −0.46), positivity and wellbeing (β = −0.51), vitality (β = −0.45), general health (β = −0.12), and self-control (β = −0.52). On the other hand, dynamism traits positively affected vitality (β = 0.12) and positivity and wellbeing (β = 0.14). In other words, personality factors related to vulnerability in particular created risk, whereas dynamism offered protection. The results highlight how COVID-19 helped to trigger anxious and depressive states. People feel helpless and vulnerable when facing new, unexpected conditions caused by the virus. These findings may assist mental healthcare professionals in safeguarding psychological wellbeing during emergencies such as the pandemic.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Mentoring-Based Professional Development on Physical Education Teachers’ Pedometer and Computer Efficacy and Anxiety

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Martin ◽  
Nate McCaughtry ◽  
Pamela Kulinna ◽  
Donetta Cothran ◽  
Roberta Faust
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Computer Anxiety ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of our study was to examine the impact of mentoring-based professional development on physical education teachers’ efficacy. Experienced mentor teachers were paired (n = 15) with inexperienced protégé teachers (n = 15) at the beginning of a yearlong intervention study. It was hypothesized that teachers would increase their efficacy to use pedometers and computers to enhance instruction, and reduce their computer anxiety. Repeated-measures ANOVAs for mentors and protégés revealed a variety of significant main effects. We found increases in computer and pedometer efficacy. A second set of repeated-measures ANOVAs based on mentors’, protégés’, and control groups’ scores revealed a significant interaction for computer efficacy, indicating that both mentors and protégés significantly increased their computer efficacy compared with the control group. Finally, a significant interaction effect was also found for pedometer efficacy, again indicating that both groups significantly increased their efficacy compared with control teachers.

scholarly journals Complex Exercise Improves Anti-Inflammatory and Anabolic Effects in Osteoarthritis-Induced Sarcopenia in Elderly Women

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 711
Author(s):  
Jaeyong Park ◽  
Jongjin Bae ◽  
Jungchul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

We investigated the effects of a 15-week complex exercise program on osteoarthritis and sarcopenia by analyzing anabolic effects and the impact on the activities of daily living (ADLs). Nineteen women aged ≥60 years with sarcopenia (SEG, n = 9) or diagnosed with osteoarthritis with sarcopenia (OSEG, n = 10) were enrolled and underwent an exercise program. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), irisin, myostatin, interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) levels were analyzed pre- and post-intervention. Thigh cross-sectional area (TCSA) was measured pre- and post-intervention via computed tomography. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPBB) were assessed pre- and post-interventions to assess ADL. There was a significant interaction effect between SEG and OSEG at the IGF-1 level post-intervention. Irisin increased and myostatin decreased post-intervention in both groups. IL-10 increased and TNF-α decreased post-intervention with a significant interaction effect in the OSEG group. TCSAs increased post-intervention in both groups. There was a significant interaction between the two groups. OSEG showed a greater WOMAC decrease and SPPB increase post-intervention, and there was a significant interaction effect. Combined exercise may be effective in improving biochemical factors, anabolic effects, and ADL in elderly women with osteoarthritis and sarcopenia.

EFFECT OF SOWING DATE ON GRAIN YIELD OF CRAB GRASS

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-297
Author(s):  
S. O. Bakare ◽  
M. G. M. Kolo ◽  
J. A. Oladiran
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Sowing Dates

There was a significant interaction effect between the variety and the sowing date for the number of productive tillers, indicating that the response to sowing date varied with the variety. A significant reduction in the number of productive tillers became evident when sowing was delayed till 26 June in the straggling variety as compared to sowing dates in May. Lower numbers of productive tillers were also recorded when the sowing of the erect variety was further delayed till 10 July. The grain yield data showed that it is not advisable to sow the straggling variety later than 12 June, while sowing may continue till about 26 June for the erect variety in the study area.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Model Pembelajaran dan Konsep Diri terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kretif Mahasiswa

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Hikmah
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Written Test ◽  
Self Learning

<p>The purpose of this study were to determine: 1) the influence of the learning <br />model of creative thinking; 2) the influence of self-concept to think creatively, and 3) the influence of the interaction and the concept of self-learning model for creative thinking. The research method used was experimental method. A sample of 80 people selected at random from the 13 study groups. The data was collected by administering a written test questions to measure variables studied. Data analysis using descriptive statistics and 2-way ANOVA. The results showed: 1) a significant difference to the learning model with the ability to think creatively sig = 0.000; 2) there is a significant effect of self-concept of <br />the ability to think creatively with sig = 0.000, and 3) there is a significant interaction effect of learning model and self-concept of the ability to think creatively with sig = 0.018. </p>

STEREOTYPE THREAT AND STEREOTYPE LIFT: THE CASE OF 10 YEAR OLD GIRLS AND BOYS

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Anna Kwiatkowska ◽  
Małgorzata Mróz
Keyword(s):  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Stereotype Lift ◽  
And Performance

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of stereotypical and counter-stereotypicalinformation on the self-esteem and cognitive performance of 10-year-old children. Our sampleconsisted of 37 girls and 37 boys. Children were presented with 10 “mathematical” puzzles in threeexperimental conditions: stereotypical (boys are better), counter-stereotypical (girls are better), andthe control condition (no particular information). Self-esteem was measured using a non-verbaltask. The results showed a significant interaction effect of “condition x sex” on self-esteem andperformance. Girls revealed no significant differences between control and experimental conditions,while boys showed a significant drop in self-esteem and performance in the counter-stereotypicalcondition as compared to the control condition and a significant lift in self-esteem and performancein the stereotypical condition as compared to the control condition.

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