The Illusion of Urbanization: Impact of Administrative Reform on Communities’ Resilience

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-84
Author(s):  
Alina Botezat ◽  
Mihaela David ◽  
Cristian Incaltarau ◽  
Peter Nijkamp
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Administrative Reform ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Effect Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Resilience Capacity

While a large body of literature separately documents urban and rural resilience, little is known about how resilience evolves when communities experience an administrative reform that changes their judicial status from rural to urban. This paper explores the effects of the largest post-communist urbanization waves that took place in Romania in the early 2000s, when more communes were reclassified as towns. Using rich administrative data from 2000 to 2014, we employ a two-way fixed effect difference-in-differences research design to examine the impact of the reform on the resilience capacity of the affected communes. Our results reveal that the administrative reform had an initially positive impact on the physical resilience capacity. While the administrative reform did not have a significant effect on the overall resilience capacity of the newly declared towns, there are important differences across groups. The settlements situated in more developed counties and those with higher income levels were among the main beneficiaries. Negatively affected were mainly the poor communes and those that lack accessibility due to their mountain position and being far from big cities. In policy terms, this clearly emphasizes the need for place-sensitive policies complementing the administrative reform in order to help them escape from their rural uprootedness.

Evaluation of the impact of public investment programs on social and economic performance of territories

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
I. E. Limonov ◽  
M. V. Nesena
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Modeling ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Export Activity ◽  
Regional Investment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Development Institution

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of public investment programs on the socio-economic development of territories. As a case, the federal target programs for the development of regions and investment programs of the financial development institution — Vnesheconombank, designed to solve the problems of regional development are considered. The impact of the public interventions were evaluated by the “difference in differences” method using Bayesian modeling. The results of the evaluation suggest the positive impact of federal target programs on the total factor productivity of regions and on innovation; and that regional investment programs of Vnesheconombank are improving the export activity. All of the investments considered are likely to have contributed to the reduction of unemployment, but their implementation has been accompanied by an increase in social inequality.

scholarly journals Re-examining the Impact of ACFTA on ASEAN's Exports of Manufactured Goods to China

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tham Siew Yean ◽  
Andrew Kam Jia Yi
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Production Networks ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Manufactured Goods ◽  
The Impact

There is a relatively large body of literature examining ASEAN–China relations, including assessments of the impact of the ASEAN–China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA) on ASEAN's welfare and its trade with China. Overall, the results of these studies indicate a positive impact of ACFTA on the region's exports to China. These results differ from firm-level surveys that indicate a low utilization rate of most regional trade agreement tariff concessions, including those provided by ACFTA. Moreover, trade in manufactured goods in the region has been characterized as market-led, and governed by multinationals (MNCs) and their regional production networks. Thus, MNC decisions are the driving force influencing changes in manufactured parts and components trade in the region. This trade is also fostered by duty-free imports in the export enclaves provided by the host economies for these MNCs. In view of the conflicting empirical evidence on the trade effects of regional trade agreements, the objective of this study is to re-assess the impact of ACFTA on ASEAN's manufactured exports to China. In performing this analysis, we separately evaluate the effects of trade in parts and components (P&C) and non–parts and components (non P&C) or final manufactured goods. When we apply gravity estimation methods to individual regressions for these two forms of trade, we find that the determinants of trade are indeed different for the two sectors, and that the implementation of ACFTA had different effects on P&C versus final goods ASEAN exports to China.

scholarly journals The Impact of Misleadership on Poor Performance: A Study of Financial Institutions in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Sahibzada Muhammad Hamza ◽  
Zubair Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Foreign Bank ◽  
Corporate Managers ◽  
Corporate World ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The One ◽  
Managerial Employees ◽  
The Impact

The main purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of misleadership on poor performance in the Pakistan financial institutions. This research is carried on the strategic and managerial employees of the one (1) private and one (1) foreign bank operated in Pakistan with an engagement of 200 employees as the sample respondents. The findings of the study indicates that missing, misguided and Machiavellian leadership has no significant impact of the poor performance in the studied context while only misinformed leadership in the cluster of the independent variables shows a significant positive impact on the poor performance in the financial institutions of Pakistan.  However, it is concluded that the proposed dimensions of Rayment & Smith (2010) misleadership framework does not significantly impact the poor performance in the financial institutions of Pakistan except the dimension of misinformed leadership. Further, it is recommended to examine new contexts with the engagement of a wider sample to find more accurate and generalize results for the investigated topic. Hence, this research will benefit the corporate managers and the research community with the new practicing dynamics of misleadership in today’s global corporate world.

scholarly journals Effect of Micro Health Insurance on Access and Utilization of Health Services in Karnataka

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Savitha
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Horizontal Equity ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Micro Health Insurance ◽  
Utilization Of Health Services ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Impact

Background:Lack of sustainable and affordable health financing mechanisms in India has exposed the poor ininformal sector to iatrogenic poverty. Hardship financing of health services has negative financial consequences on thefuture income of these households. This can be mitigated through micro health insurance (MHI) because it aims to removefinancial barriers to access and utilize health services.Objectives:Recognizing the dearth of studies on impact of MHI schemes in India, we carried out an in-depth study onSampoorna Suraksha Programme (SSP) in Karnataka to assess the effect on access and utilization of healthcare services.Methods:We designed a descriptive cross sectional household survey that collected data from 1146 households toevaluate the impact using logistic regression analysis.Results:Insured individuals were more likely to access and utilize inpatient services compared to uninsured individuals.Moral hazard measured as length of stay in the hospital was absent. Horizontal equity in utilization based on gender andincome was observed. Insured used private providers than public hospitals or self-medicine. The results of the studysupport the positive impact of MHI on access and utilization of health services.Conclusion:The findings of the study enhance our understanding of the positive role of MHI in the promotion of betterhealth behavior of the poor people who usually forego treatment during illness. This would reinforce policymakers toadvocate MHI to mitigate iatrogenic poverty in India, the land of villages.

The Democratic Dividend: Public Spending and Education Under Multipartyism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Harding
Keyword(s):  
Political Competition ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Education Outcomes ◽  
Political Incentives ◽  
Democracy And Education ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Education In Africa

A substantial body of scholarship has considered the impact of regime types on public spending and basic service provision, much of which has implications for education. While some of the theoretical and empirical conclusions from this work are globally applicable, there are also important ways in which the relationship between democracy and education may be influenced by the African context. The most useful theoretical arguments for why democracy may influence public spending, and spending on education in particular, focus on the political incentives generated by multiparty electoral competition. Related but distinct arguments focus on how this may impact in turn on education outcomes, and on why these dynamics may vary because of factors that are particularly pertinent in many African countries. These include variations in the degree of electoral competitiveness and political competition as well as in levels of economic development and ethnic fractionalization. A large body of empirical evidence investigates these various arguments, evaluating the impact of democracy on both education spending and education outcomes. Although evidence for the positive impact of democracy on education is compelling, evidence for this relationship in Africa remains limited and is hampered by limitations to data. In particular, although evidence suggests democracy may have a positive impact on access to education in Africa, there is less evidence for its impact on the quality of education. Future work should continue to address these issues while seeking to investigate sources of heterogeneity in the impact of democracy on education in Africa.

scholarly journals Understanding the Role of Rural Poor’s Endogenous Impetus in Poverty Reduction: Evidence from China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Fubin Huang ◽  
Zihan Wang ◽  
Chuanmin Shuai ◽  
Jiaxin Li
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Partial Least Squares Model ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Motivating the endogenous impetus of the poor to eradicate poverty is an endogenous dilemma that is difficult to solve using the current external poverty alleviation model. In this paper, based on the field survey data of 1112 poor rural households in China, we examine the impact of the poor’s endogenous impetus on their poverty reduction. Firstly, we identify two different components of endogenous impetus: thought impetus and behavior impetus. Secondly, the poverty reduction (livelihood status) of farmers was used as an endogenous variable to construct a partial least squares model to verify our explanation of the role of endogenous impetus of the poor in poverty reduction. The results indicate that (1) both thought impetus and behavior impetus have a positive impact on the livelihood status of the poor; (2) the human capital, physical capital, and social capital of the poor have a positive relationship with the two components of endogenous impetus; and (3) endogenous impetus plays a mediation role between livelihood capital and livelihood status. As expected, human and physical capital have a positive and significant relationship with poverty reduction. The important enlightenment of this study is that it is very important to motivate the poor’s endogenous impetus of escaping poverty in addition to improving external conditions such as livelihood capital owned by farmers in an effort to realize sustainable poverty reduction.

The impact of post-trade transparency on price efficiency and price discovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1062-1075
Author(s):  
Chiou-Fa Lin ◽  
Cheng-Huei Chiao ◽  
Bin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Private Information ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Price Discovery ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Price Efficiency ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of post-trade transparency on price efficiency and price discovery. Design/methodology/approach The authors use an exogeneous change in market transparency in the Taiwan Stock Exchange that mandates the disclosure of unexecuted orders of the five best bid and ask prices after each trade, and conduct an event study analysis. Findings After the change, price efficiency enhances for both large and small firms, although the impact on stock prices is greater when the firm is larger. The authors also find that post-change trading reveals more private information for large firms but more public information for small firms. The findings support the view that transparency has a positive impact on market quality. Originality/value The paper adds to a large body of literature investigating the relationship between transparency and market behavior, especially the ongoing debate about whether trading transparency positively affects price dynamics. The findings also have important policy implications for the regulators.

Analysis of Strategic Human Resource Management Practices in Small and Medium Enterprises of South Asia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-61
Author(s):  
A. Anjum ◽  
X. Ming ◽  
Lilian Consuelo Mustelier Puig
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Service Behavior ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

This empirical article aims to ascertain the impact & relationship of SHRM practices with service behavior among employees of SME's in Pakistan. Data was collected from 32 small & medium enterprises including Manufacturing, Consultants, Automotive, Fashion, Handicrafts, Surgical, Sports Goods & Customer Service sectors of 8 major cities of Pakistan by using stratified random sampling technique. The response rate was 76% as 180 questionnaires were distributed among front line employees, middle managers & executive managers and 38 questionnaires were returned back with 76% response rate and 118 questionnaires were found useable. Pearson's r correlation & linear regression analysis techniques were used to analyze the data on SPSS, PSAW version 22. According to results, the Regression model is weakly parsimonious & accounts for 33.3% of the variance. SHRM practices on the whole have positive moderate significant relationship (.337*) & positive impact (β = .787) on service behavior. In depth, training has positive weak significant relationship (.219*) & positive impact (β = .147), participation has positive moderate significant relationship (.499**) & positive impact (β = .432), job description has positive moderate significant relationship (.340**) & positive impact (β = .352), result-oriented appraisal has positive weak significant relationship (.222*) & positive impact (β = .015), internal career opportunities has positive weak significant relationship (.292**) & positive impact (β = .295) on service behavior. Employment security (.131) & profit sharing (- .054) have non-significant relationships with service behavior. This study facilitates the policy makers to adopt appropriate SHRM practices to foster service behavior among employees. This study was conducted in eight cities of Pakistan by using cross sectional research design. Future research direction is to expand the study by using longitudinal research design.

Handling conflict at work – the impact of active and agreeable conflict styles

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Shin-yih Chen ◽  
Yu-hsiang Hou ◽  
I-heng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
Conflict Management ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Conflict Style ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the relationships between emotional intelligence (EI), conflict management styles and job performance in a Chinese cultural context. Design/methodology/approach – The present paper uses a cross-sectional research design. Paper-based questionnaires were distributed to employees working in the R & D department of a science and technology institute in Taiwan. In total, 300 questionnaires were distributed and 248 valid questionnaires were analyzed, with a return rate of 81.4 per cent. Findings – The results show that EI has a positive impact on job performance. Furthermore, agreeable conflict style positively moderated between EI and job performance, whereas active conflict style has negative moderating effect. Research limitations/implications – Due to the research design, sample and data collection method, the research results may lack representativeness. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to use a different approach in the future. Practical implications – Organizations should strengthen employees’ EI and conflict management abilities to improve job performance. Organizations can apply the results of this study in accordance with their policy on recruitment, selection and training. Originality/value – Organizations should strengthen employees’ EI and conflict management abilities to improve job performance. Organizations can apply the results of this study in accordance with their policies on recruitment, selection and training.

scholarly journals Nutritional Approach Targeting Gut Microbiota in NAFLD—To Date

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1616
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Moszak ◽  
Monika Szulińska ◽  
Marta Walczak-Gałęzewska ◽  
Paweł Bogdański
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Energy Harvest ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a significant clinical and epidemiological problem that affects around 25% of the adult global population. A large body of clinical evidence highlights that NAFLD is associated with increased liver-related morbidity and mortality and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, extrahepatic cancers, type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Recently, a series of studies revealed the pivotal role of gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis in NAFLD’s pathogenesis. The GM plays an essential role in different metabolic pathways, including the fermentation of diet polysaccharides, energy harvest, choline regulation, and bile acid metabolism. One of the most critical factors in GM stabilization is the diet; therefore, nutritional therapyappearsto be a promising tool in NAFLD therapy. This paper aims to review the current knowledge regardingthe nutritional approach and its implications with GM and NAFLD treatment. We discuss the positive impact of probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics in a reverse dysbiosis state in NAFLD and show the potential beneficial effects of bioactive substances from the diet. The full description of the mechanism of action and comprehensive examination of the impact of nutritional interventions on GM modulation may, in the future, be a simple but essential tool supporting NAFLD therapy.

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