Age Differences in Using Precued Information to Preprogram Interception of a Ball

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Olivier ◽  
Hubert Ripoll ◽  
Michel Audiffren
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Movement Initiation ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Errors Analysis ◽  
Response Errors

The present experiment examined the development of programming interception of a ball's movement across three groups of children ages 6, 8, and 10 years, who were compared with adults. In an interception task we manipulated the subjects' preparation by using Rosenbaum's 1980 precuing procedure. Two levels of precued information were used concerning the effector specified (right or left arm) and the direction of the arm projection (outside or inside). We focused particularly on RT and response errors. Analysis indicated RT decreased across the age groups and errors decreased mainly in the nonprecued condition. A critical period in improvement might be at age 8 as children use precue information to program their movements as efficiently as adults. The duration of effector programming was similar for children and adults but was more precise for the older subjects. For children as well as for adults, the specification of direction occurs after movement initiation and not before.

Lifespan Differences in Adult Thinking about Hypothetical and Personal Moral Issues: Reflection or Regression?

1987 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Pratt ◽  
Gail Golding ◽  
Patricia Kerig
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Moral Dilemma ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Role Taking ◽  
Older Subjects

Recent work on aging and moral judgment has investigated the claim that older adults may show a regression in their average stage level of moral judgment, compared with younger groups. A second line of work has suggested that at least some elderly adults may be more reflective in their thinking regarding moral and ethical issues (e.g. Kohlberg, 1973). The present research was designed to investigate these issues with respect to hypothetical and real-life moral judgment. Subjects were 60 adults in three age groups: 18-24 years, 30-45 years, and 60-75 years. Each responded to the Kohlberg Moral Judgment Interview and to the personal moral dilemma task of Gilligan. Measures of stage level and of reported use of perspectivetaking processes, as well as analyses of the content of personal dilemmas, were obtained. Results showed no average stage level differences between the age or sex groups. Hypothetical stage scores were significantly higher than real-life scores overall. There were no age differences in reported role-taking processes on hypothetical dilemmas, though there were sex differences, with men more likely to report adopting a third-party, observer role. Finally, older subjects produced significantly more varied reflections on their personal dilemmas.

scholarly journals Stimulus transformation into motor action: dynamic graph analysis reveals a posterior-to-anterior shift in brain network communication of older subjects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Rosjat ◽  
Bin A. Wang ◽  
Liqing Liu ◽  
Gereon R. Fink ◽  
Silvia Daun
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Hemispheric Lateralization ◽  
Dynamic Graph ◽  
Movement Initiation ◽  
Motor Action ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Older Subjects

AbstractCognitive performance slows down with increasing age. This includes cognitive processes that are essential for the performance of a motor act, such as the slowing down in response to an external stimulus. The objective of this study was to identify aging-associated functional changes in the brain networks that are involved in the transformation of external stimuli into motor action. To investigate this topic, we employed dynamic graphs based on phase-locking of Electroencephalography signals recorded from healthy younger and older subjects while performing a simple visually-cued finger-tapping task. The network analysis yielded specific age-related network structures varying in time in the low frequencies (2-7 Hz), which are closely connected to stimulus processing, movement initiation and execution in both age groups. The networks in older subjects, however, contained several additional, particularly interhemispheric, connections and showed an overall increased coupling density. Cluster analyses revealed reduced variability of the subnetworks in older subjects, particularly during movement preparation. In younger subjects, occipital, parietal, sensorimotor and central regions were - temporally arranged in this order - heavily involved in hub nodes. Whereas in older subjects, a hub in frontal regions preceded the noticeably delayed occurrence of sensorimotor hubs, indicating different neural information processing in older subjects.All observed changes in brain network organization, which are based on neural synchronization in the low frequencies, provide a possible neural mechanism underlying previous fMRI data, which report an overactivation, especially in the prefrontal and pre-motor areas, associated with a loss of hemispheric lateralization in older subjects.

scholarly journals Zadovoljstvo životom i neke osobne značajke kod triju dobnih skupina

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zvjezdan Penezić
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Older Subjects

There are great number of investigation which have shown contradictory results about age differences in life satisfaction. One of the aims of this investigation was to find if there are age differences in life satisfaction. The other aim was to find if there are age differences in other personality characterstics (self-esteem, loneliness, solitude, optimism, pessimism etc) related to the life satisfaction, as well as their relations with life satisfaction in different age groups. Investigation take place in few Croatian towns, and subjects were divided into three age groups. There were 148 younger subjects (18 to 25 years of age), 130 middle aged people (39 to 47 years of age), and 120 older subjects aged 59 to 65 years. Two forms of LIPKO questionnaire, which is consisted of different scales, were used. Results have shown that there are no differences among three different age groups in life satisfaction. There are significant age differences in self-esteem. The lowest results in self-esteem are in die group of the young subjects while the highest results are obtained in the group of the older people. There are no age differences in self-esteem among middle aged and older subjects. Age differences have been obtained for the importance of health goals, and the importance of knowledge and competence goals. The importance of those goals are the highest among younger subjects, and there are no differences among young and older subjects, too. Life satisfaction are in a very high positive correlation with self- esteem and optimism, which could be treated as a reletively stable personality charactesritics, but, on the other hand, life satisfaction are in significant negative correlation with loneliness and future anxiety.

Video Games and Emotion Regulation

GeroPsych ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Ossenfort ◽  
Derek M. Isaacowitz
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Interactive Media ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Media Preferences

Abstract. Research on age differences in media usage has shown that older adults are more likely than younger adults to select positive emotional content. Research on emotional aging has examined whether older adults also seek out positivity in the everyday situations they choose, resulting so far in mixed results. We investigated the emotional choices of different age groups using video games as a more interactive type of affect-laden stimuli. Participants made multiple selections from a group of positive and negative games. Results showed that older adults selected the more positive games, but also reported feeling worse after playing them. Results supplement the literature on positivity in situation selection as well as on older adults’ interactive media preferences.

Applanation Tonometry for Assessment of Left Ventricular Systolic Load

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Rene D. Mileva-Popova ◽  
Nina Y. Belova
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Pressure Area ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
And Gender

Summary Vascular-ventricular coupling is a major determinant of left ventricular load. The aim of our study was to assess non- invasively left ventricular load and its dependency on central hemodynamics. Sixty-five healthy and gender-matched individuals were divided in two groups according to their age: 20y/o and 50y/o. Applanation tonometry was performed using the Sphygmocor device. Central pressures and pulse wave analysis indices were computed. Central systolic (120±3 vs. 98±2 mm Hg) and pulse pressures (43±3 vs. 29±1 mm Hg) as well as the augmentation index (AIx75) (23±3 vs. 6±2%) were significantly higher in the 50y/o group (p<0.01). These parameters are relevant markers of arterial stiffness and evidenced the development of central arterial morphological and functional alterations in the older subjects. The time-tension index (TTI) computed from the systolic pressure area was significantly higher in the 50y/o subjects as compared to the 20y/o group (2378±66 vs. 1954±73 mmHg×s, p<0.01). Moreover, we have shown the presence of significant correlation between TTI and AIx75 (p<0.01) in both age groups. This finding confirmed the contribution of arterial stiffness for the impaired vascular-ventricular coupling. In conclusion, applanation tonometry might be utilized for non-invasive evaluation of the left ventricular load, which is an important parameter of cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals Femicide Fatal Risk Factors: A Last Decade Comparison between Italian Victims of Femicide by Age Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 7953
Author(s):  
Anna Sorrentino ◽  
Chiara Guida ◽  
Vincenza Cinquegrana ◽  
Anna Costanza Baldry
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Policy Implication ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Female Victims

Femicide is a wide-spread lethal form of violence against women. Despite its diffusion, to date, very few studies analyzed possible victims’ age differences in regard to fatal risk factors for femicide. To this aim, we carried out archive research on Italian femicide cases in the last decade, by comparing prior types of violence suffered and motives for femicide, which are considered crucial fatal risk factors for femicide, across adolescent/young (15–24 years), adults (25–64 years) and older women (65–93 years). From 2010 to 2019 we found 1207 female victims. Characteristics of victims, perpetrators, and their relationship were consistent with those found by international studies and underlined that the majority of femicides were perpetrated by an intimate partner. The results regarding fatal risk factors comparisons across age groups showed the existence of significant differences regarding both types of violence suffered prior to femicide and motives for femicide. The results are discussed in terms of policy implication and intervention.

Age, Cooperative vs Lecture Training, and Group Composition: Some Preliminary Findings of Effects on Performance

1995 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Sell ◽  
Theresa J. B. Kline
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Group Composition ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Traditional Lecture ◽  
Undergraduate Women ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Mixed Age ◽  
Problem Solving Task

18 younger (under 25 years) and 18 older (over 39 years) undergraduate women were trained in problem-solving by either a cooperative or traditional lecture technique and in age-consistent, i.e., younger or older participants only, or mixed age, i.e., younger and older participants, groups. Analysis indicated that older subjects did not score as well on the problem-solving task (48.9 vs 43.9) where lower scores indicate better performance, particularly in mixed-age groups (58.2 vs 44.3); older subjects completed the task more quickly (349 sec. vs 466 sec), age-consistent groups completed the task equally quickly regardless of training; and age-inconsistent groups completed the task more quickly when cooperatively trained (183 sec. vs 390 sec).

A Developmental Exploration of Friendship Functions in Women

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Gibbs Candy ◽  
Lillian E. Troll ◽  
Sheldon G. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Developmental Issues ◽  
Best Friends

Interpersonal attachments in adulthood were explored through the investigation of the friendship functions in 172 women from 14 through 80. A priori functions were rated by the respondents on a Likert-Scale for their five best friends. Factor analyses revealed three orthogonal factors which characterized friendship for all age groups, “intimacy-assistance,” “status,” and “power.” One way analyses of variance (function by age groups) found no significant age differences between age groups for the function of “intimacy-assistance.” Significant differences for the functions of “status” and “power” were, however, apparent. Women from adolescence through the fifties rated their friends as decreasingly less important for “status” purposes, while women sixty and over rated this function very highly. “Power” decreased with increasing age through the fifties. There was a slight nonsignificant increase in the 60+ age group. These findings are discussed in relation to cognitive changes and developmental issues within various life-stages.

Age Differences in Life Events: A Multivariate Controlled Analysis

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana C. Hughes ◽  
Dan G. Blazer ◽  
Linda K. George
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Personal Interview ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Loved One ◽  
The Past

Effects of age on the distribution of specific life events experienced during the past year by community-based adults were examined controlling for sex, race, education, marital status, and place of residence. The controlled analyses were done using logistic regression. Data were gathered via personal interview from 3,798 respondents ages eighteen years and over who participated in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA), community survey from North Carolina. Respondents were placed in one of four age groups. The percentage of respondents reporting each of the nineteen events examined ranged from 0.5 percent for death of spouse to 19.1 percent for death of loved one. Age was an important predictor in the controlled analysis for thirteen of the seventeen life events examined. A majority of differences occurred between the youngest and oldest age groups. Age differences were not found for illness of one week or more involving activity limitation.

scholarly journals Choice Shifts in School Disciplinary Decision Making: Analysis of Age Differences of Panel Members

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-94
Author(s):  
Peter J.O. Aloka
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Choice Shift ◽  
Consistency Method

Background: Decision making is critical to each organization and it requires the ability to find a possible balance between risky and cautious decisions. The Kenyan secondary schools are mandated by the Ministry of Education to manage students’ misbehaviors by the disciplinary panels. Aim: The present study investigated the choice shifts in disciplinary decision making in Kenyan secondary schools based on age groups of the panel members. Methods: The Quasi-Experimental Pretest-Posttest Design was adopted. The study targeted 360 teachers- members of disciplinary panels in 45 secondary schools in the Rongo sub-county of Kenya. A sample size of 78 members of disciplinary panels in 10 secondary schools was involved. This was 22% of the target population of members of disciplinary panels in the Rongo district. The choice shift in decisions was ascertained using the Modified Choice Dilemma Questionnaire. The validity of the tools was ensured by the expert judgment by two Kenyan psychologists, while the reliability was determined using the internal consistency method and an alpha of 0.695 was reported. Results: The results of the Multivariate Analysis Of Variance indicated that there were differences in choice shifts from the pre to post-disciplinary hearing decisions among the members of selected school disciplinary panels on the basis of their age groups (Wilk’s Lambda (λ) test: F (12, 188) = 7.40, P = 0.000, P < 0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that the age of the members of disciplinary panels influenced the nature of choice shifts in decisions. It was recommended that principals should ensure that the membership of school disciplinary panels is broad-based.

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