Thirst as an ingestive behavior: A brief review on physiology and assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-274
Author(s):  
JD Adams ◽  
Ali I Myatich ◽  
Alexis S McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Fluid Ingestion ◽  
Visual Analog Scales ◽  
The Many ◽  
Thirst Mechanism

Background: Thirst is a sensation normally aroused by a lack of water and associated with a desire to drink more fluid. Aim: The aims of this brief review are twofold: (a) to summarize the thirst mechanism in how it is initiated and diminished, and (b) to describe techniques to assess human thirst accurately in a variety of situations. Discussion: Thirst is maintained via a feedback-controlled mechanism, regulated by central and peripheral factors, as well as social and psychological cues. Most studies of thirst have focused on the initiation of water intake and the neural mechanisms responsible for this vital behavior. Less attention has been paid to the stimuli and mechanisms that terminate a bout of drinking and limit fluid ingestion, such as oropharyngeal and gastric signals, coupled with osmotic sensations. Thirst perception is typically assessed by subjective ratings using a variety of questionnaires, rankings, or visual analog scales. However, the appropriate perceptual tool may not always be used for the correct assessment of thirst perception. Conclusions: In considering the many factors involved in thirst arousal and inhibition, similar questions need to be considered for the correct assessment of this ingestive behavior.

scholarly journals Microstructure of Ingestive Behavior in Mus Musculus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Onnis ◽  
Ethel Layco-Bader ◽  
Laurence Tecott
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Behavioral Regulation ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Behavioral Organization ◽  
Volume Balance ◽  
Hierarchical Levels ◽  
Food And Water Intake ◽  
Locomotor Behaviors

ABSTRACTWe describe a novel quantitative home cage monitoring (HCM) approach for dissecting spontaneous patterns of ingestive and locomotor behaviors into a hierarchically organized series of behavioral facets or endophenotypes. Fine-grained analyses of a large multimodal 16-strain behavioral dataset collected from 169 mice revealed bouts of feeding, drinking and locomotor behaviors occurring within animals’ Active States. We have automated the detection of these bouts and their discrete properties including bout sizes, rates, durations, and intensities. We have developed a hierarchically organized model of behavioral organization enabling analysis of relationships among Active/Inactive State properties and those of feeding, drinking and locomotor bouts. Robust and analogous patterns of interrelationships among these endophenotypes were found for feeding, drinking behaviors, and these differed markedly from those for locomotor behaviors. For feeding and drinking, patterns of reciprocal relationships were observed for pairs of endophenotypes at multiple hierarchical levels. Moreover, endophenotype variability was highest at lowest hierarchical levels progressively diminished at higher levels, so that variability of gross levels of food and water intake were much less than those of their lower level determinants. By contrast, interrelationships among locomotor endophenotypes differed markedly from those of ingestive behavior. Altogether, these findings raise the possibility that behavioral regulation of food and water intake may make an important contribution to the homeostatic maintenance of energy and volume balance.

Impairment in fluid ingestion in rats with lesions of the zona incerta

1977 ◽  
Vol 233 (1) ◽  
pp. R53-R58 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Evered ◽  
G. J. Mogenson
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Zona Incerta ◽  
Subsequent Reduction ◽  
Fluid Ingestion ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Excessive Water

Rats with lesions of the zona incerta (ZI) dorsal to the lateral hypothalamus drink as much water as controls following intracellular or extracellular dehydration but restrict their daily water intake to minimal requirements for fluid balance, suggesting a specific impairment in secondary drinking. Following water deprivation, however, rats with ZI lesions responded to changes in palatability of the water as if they were experiencing slightly greater difficulty or aversiveness in drinking than controls. The cause appears to be an impairment in the ability to lick fluids from a spout. When water was available ad libitum or when water or liquid diet were provided after water or food deprivation, rats with ZI damage were unable to obtain as much fluid per lick as controls. It is concluded that lesions in this region of the brain impair the motor act of drinking and that the subsequent reduction in the efficiency of drinking is the cause of the attenuation of excessive water intake.

scholarly journals The Olfactory Mosaic: Bringing an Olfactory Network Together for Odor Perception

Perception ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 320-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Courtiol ◽  
Donald A. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Learning Experience ◽  
Piriform Cortex ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Odor Perception ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Primary Sensory Cortex ◽  
The Many

Olfactory perception and its underlying neural mechanisms are not fixed, but rather vary over time, dependent on various parameters such as state, task, or learning experience. In olfaction, one of the primary sensory areas beyond the olfactory bulb is the piriform cortex. Due to an increasing number of functions attributed to the piriform cortex, it has been argued to be an associative cortex rather than a simple primary sensory cortex. In fact, the piriform cortex plays a key role in creating olfactory percepts, helping to form configural odor objects from the molecular features extracted in the nose. Moreover, its dynamic interactions with other olfactory and nonolfactory areas are also critical in shaping the olfactory percept and resulting behavioral responses. In this brief review, we will describe the key role of the piriform cortex in the larger olfactory perceptual network, some of the many actors of this network, and the importance of the dynamic interactions among the piriform-trans-thalamic and limbic pathways.

scholarly journals Intragastric preloads of l-tryptophan reduce ingestive behavior via oxytocinergic neural mechanisms in male mice

Appetite ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 278-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah N. Gartner ◽  
Fraser Aidney ◽  
Anica Klockars ◽  
Colin Prosser ◽  
Elizabeth A. Carpenter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Male Mice

scholarly journals Effect of replacing Tifton Hay with Guandu Hay on intake, digestibility and ingestive behavior of dairy goats

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e50840
Author(s):  
Priscila Bernardo de Andrade ◽  
Erica Beatriz Schultz ◽  
Bruno Joaninho de Assis Villar ◽  
Ana Caroline Ramos Teles da Silva ◽  
Letícia dos Santos Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Fiber Digestibility

The purpose was to evaluate the effect of replacement of Tifton 85 hay with Guandu hay on the intake, digestibility and ingestive behavior of dairy goats. Five Saanen goats with average milk production of 2.26 ± 0.10 kg d-1, around 123 ± 4 days of lactation were assigned to a 5 x 5 Latin square design. The treatments consisted of five levels of replacement with Guandu: 0, 8.4, 16.8, 25.2, or 36.4 %. We sampled the food offered, leftovers and feces to calculate intake and digestibility, and the ingestive behavior was monitored for 24 hours. Regression analysis was applied with 5% significance. The nutrient intake and the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and protein decreased linearly with increasing levels of Guandu hay in the diet (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the neutral detergent fiber digestibility increased linearly, without change the water intake and ingestive behavior with replacement levels of Tifton hay with Guandu hay in the diet (p < 0.05). The replacement of up to 36.4% Tifton hay with Guandu hay in the dairy goat diet reduces the intake and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and protein, and increasesfiber digestibility, without changing the ingestive behavior and water intake.

Water intake and ingestive behavior of sheep fed diets based on silages of cactus pear and tropical forages

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Santos Silva ◽  
Gherman Garcia Leal de Araujo ◽  
Edson Mauro Santos ◽  
Juliana Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Fleming Sena Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Tropical Forages

Evaluation of 21-Numbered Circle and 10-Centimeter Horizontal Line Visual Analog Scales for Physician and Parent Subjective Ratings in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1534-1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
GIOVANNI FILOCAMO ◽  
SERGIO DAVÌ ◽  
ANGELA PISTORIO ◽  
MARTA BERTAMINO ◽  
NICOLINO RUPERTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Measurement Properties ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Global Rating ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Parent Rating ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Standardized Response Mean ◽  
Visual Analog Scales

Objective.To evaluate the measurement properties of 21-numbered circle visual analog scales (VAS) and traditional 10-cm horizontal line VAS for physician and parent subjective ratings in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).Methods.We studied 2 patient samples in whom physician global rating of overall disease activity, parent global rating of the child’s overall well-being, and parent rating of intensity of child’s pain were performed using traditional 10-cm horizontal line VAS (n = 397) or 21-numbered circle VAS (n = 471). The measurement performances of the 2 VAS formats were examined by assessing construct validity, score distribution, responsiveness to change over time, and minimal clinically important difference (MCID).Results.Most Spearman correlations with other JIA outcome measures yielded by 21-numbered circle VAS were greater than those obtained with 10-cm horizontal line VAS, revealing that the circle VAS format has better construct validity. Ceiling effects (i.e., score = 0) for physician and parent global ratings were 43.7% and 32.9%, respectively, on 21-numbered circle VAS, and 31.6% and 35.3%, respectively, on 10-cm horizontal line VAS. Responsiveness of 21-numbered circle VAS was good (standardized response mean > 0.8) or moderate (standardized response mean > 0.6) among patients classified as improved or worsened, respectively, by the physician or the parent. Overall, MCID values for 21-numbered circle VAS tended to be greater for worsening than for improvement.Conclusion.The 21-numbered circle VAS are a suitable alternative to the 10-cm horizontal line VAS and may facilitate incorporation of physician and parent subjective ratings in standard clinical practice.

scholarly journals Distiller’s dried grain with solubles (Zea mays L) in the diet of sheep reared in the tropical region of Brazil: ingestive behavior and physiological parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1267
Author(s):  
Luiz Juliano Valério Geron ◽  
Sílvia Cristina de Aguiar ◽  
Jocilaine Garcia ◽  
Lúcia Maria Zeoula ◽  
Kallynka Samara Martins Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Respiratory Frequency ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Regression Equations

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of inclusion of different levels of distiller’s dried grain with solubles (DDGS) in the diet of sheep raised in the tropical region of Brazil on ingestive behavior and physiological parameters. We used four sheep with mean body weight (BW) of 25 ± 2 kg, distributed in a Latin square design, with four periods, and four DDGS inclusion levels (0, 8, 16, and 24%). The sheep were placed in metabolism cages, and received two meals per day. The data on ingestive behavior and physiological parameters of the sheep were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the observed differences were tested using regression equations at 5% probability. The inclusion of DDGS levels in sheep diets did not change the time spent on ingestive behavior, such as dry matter intake (DMI), rumination (RUM), resting (RES), water intake (WAI), and other activities (OAC) expressed in minutes. However, during the night period, there was an increase (p < 0.05) in the time spent ruminating in relation to the daytime period. However, there was a reduction (p < 0.05) in the time spent on the activities of RES and WAI of the sheep. The inclusion of DDGS in sheep rations did not change (p > 0.05) the physiological parameters measured. However, we found that the afternoon period influenced (p < 0.05) the physiological parameters evaluated, such as body temperature of the front (BTF), body temperature of the rear (BTR), rectal temperature (RET), and respiratory frequency (REF), which were higher in relation to the values observed in the morning. Thus, we conclude that the inclusion of up to 24% of dried distillery grains with solubles in the feeding of sheep in the tropical region of Brazil does not alter the ingestive behavior and physiological parameters of sheep. However, sheep raised in confinement in the tropical region of Brazil spent more time ruminating at night. During the day, sheep spent more time on resting activities and water intake. In addition, sheep raised in a tropical environment need to be monitored for thermal stress during the afternoon, due to the increase in rectal temperature and respiratory frequency. In addition, sheep raised in a tropical environment require greater monitoring of thermal stress during the afternoon, due to the elevation of physiological parameters such as rectal temperature and respiratory frequency in this period.

Amygdaloid lesions impair ingestive responses to 2-deoxy-D-glucose but not insulin

1982 ◽  
Vol 242 (1) ◽  
pp. R129-R135 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Tordoff ◽  
P. J. Geiselman ◽  
C. V. Grijalva ◽  
S. W. Kiefer ◽  
D. Novin
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Feeding Response ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Food And Water Intake ◽  
Bilateral Lesions ◽  
And Control ◽  
Related Increase

Bilateral lesions of the amygdala in male rats impaired the feeding response to 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG; 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg). During the first 3 h postinjection, control rats displayed a dose-related increase in both food and water consumption. Rats with amygdaloid lesions did not respond to 2-DG until the 3rd h postinjection, when only the two largest doses significantly increased food consumption. Their water intake remained unaffected throughout the 3-h postinjection period. During the 4th-24th h post-2-DG administration, both groups displayed a dose-related suppression of food and water intake. Following insulin (10 U/kg), amygdaloid and control animals were indistinguishable: both groups showed a significant short-term increase in food and water intake followed by a reduction in intakes during the 4th-24th h. Central visceral pathways that are important for the ingestive responses to 2-DG may be interrupted by amygdaloid lesions. However, pathways responsible for the ingestive behavior induced by insulin appear unaffected by damage to the amygdala.

scholarly journals Site-specific attenuation of food intake but not the latency to eat after hypothalamic injections of neuropeptide Y in dehydrated-anorexic rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (6) ◽  
pp. R1813-R1821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawna Salter-Venzon ◽  
Alan G. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Compensatory Feeding ◽  
Cellular Dehydration ◽  
Injection Location ◽  
Dose Injection

Anorexia that accompanies cellular dehydration in rats (DE-anorexia) offers a relatively simple model for investigating the functional organization of neural mechanisms that can suppress feeding during dehydration. Previous studies strongly suggest that the inputs that drive ingestive behavior control neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) and lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) remain active during DE-anorexia. Here we examine whether these two regions retain their sensitivity to neuropeptide Y (NPY). NPY is an important component in two major feeding-related inputs from the arcuate nucleus and the hindbrain. We found that intake responses to NPY injections in the LHA and PVH were suppressed in DE-anorexia, but the PVH remained less sensitive to the effects of NPY than the LHA in DE-anorexic animals. Indeed the higher dose of NPY (238 pmol) completely overcame shorter periods of DE-anorexia when injected into the LHA but not the PVH. However, the latency to eat after NPY injections remained unchanged from control animals, regardless of NPY dose, injection location, or intensity of anorexia. Furthermore, the onset and size of the strong and rapidly induced compensatory feeding that follows the return of water to DE-anorexic animals was also unaffected by any NPY injections. These data support the hypothesis that DE-anorexia develops as a consequence of the premature termination of regularly initiated meals, which perhaps involves processes that alter the sensitivity of satiety mechanisms downstream to the PVH and LHA.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document