The relationship between men’s peer and social media muscularity ideal discrepancies and body satisfaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1534-1553
Author(s):  
Mark Allen Flynn ◽  
Emily Cotchett ◽  
Linda Lin
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
Ideal Discrepancy ◽  
Self Discrepancy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Body Perceptions

Previous studies have shown that discrepancy between perceptions of one’s actual body type and the ideal bodies of their peers is an important factor for one’s body satisfaction. However, there is a lack of research assessing the formation of media-specific discrepancies, the impact of different types of discrepancies together, and discrepancies in adult men. The current study explored the impact of adult men’s actual and ideal body perceptions on their body satisfaction. Data were collected on the discrepancies between men’s actual muscularity and perceptions of their off-line male and female peers’ male ideal, and perceptions of the male ideal from men and women on social networking sites (SNSs). A total of 277 adult men ( Mage = 36.55; SD = 11.34) completed a survey online. Actual–ideal discrepancies were present for all four comparison ideals. Overall body satisfaction was significantly linked to the close female friend ideal discrepancy, whereas muscularity satisfaction was connected to all four comparison ideals. Body fat satisfaction was not impacted by any of the discrepancies. The most significant predictor of muscularity satisfaction was the close female friends’ ideal discrepancy. Implications suggest the continued use of self-discrepancy theory in new contexts, and continued importance of off-line relationships, despite SNS use.

scholarly journals Low Self-Esteem and Selfie Posting Among Young Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-168
Author(s):  
Roberta Biolcati
Keyword(s):  
Impression Management ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Self-esteem is a critical factor in online impression management strategies and could play a crucial role in explaining women’s selfie-posting behaviours. Previous works examining relationships between self-esteem and self-presentation on social media have yielded controversial results. Objective: This study was performed to clarify the relationship between self-esteem and the frequency of taking and posting own, group and partner selfies on Social Networking Sites (SNS). Methods: A sample of 692 Italian young women (18-28 years old) completed questionnaires on self-esteem, satisfaction with life, body satisfaction and selfie posting bahaviours. The low self-esteem group was compared with the high self-esteem group. Results: Results showed that women with low self-esteem are more dissatisfied with their body image and life and significantly they post fewer types of selfies compared to women with high self-esteem. Conclusion: Findings from this study provide new insights into the relation between self-esteem and selfie impression management strategies.

Examining the Impact of Body Satisfaction and Physical Activity Change on Postpartum Depressive Symptoms

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Rebecca A. Schlaff ◽  
Meghan Baruth ◽  
Faith C. LaFramboise ◽  
Samantha J. Deere
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Physical Activity Change ◽  
Postpartum Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Relationships among moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), body satisfaction, and postpartum depressive symptoms are not well understood. The purpose of this study is to examine the (1) impact of postpartum body satisfaction and changes in MVPA on postpartum depressive symptoms and (2) moderating effect of changes in MVPA over time on the relationship between postpartum body satisfaction and depressive symptoms. Methods: Participants (N = 269) self-reported body satisfaction, MVPA (prepregnancy through postpartum), and postpartum depressive symptoms. Differences in MVPA at 3 time points (prepregnancy, third trimester, and postpartum) were calculated to create change scores. Main effects and interactions (body satisfaction × MVPA change) were examined using multiple regression. Results: A majority of the sample did not meet MVPA recommendations at all time points. All body satisfaction measures were inversely related to postpartum depressive symptoms (P = .01 to <.001). MVPA change did not predict postpartum depressive symptoms (P = .43–.90) or moderate the relationship between body satisfaction and postpartum depressive symptoms (P = .14–.94). Conclusions: Given the relationship between postpartum body satisfaction and depressive symptoms, intervention research should include strategies that promote positive postpartum body image; clinicians should consider screening for body dissatisfaction. Although not a predictor or moderator, pregnancy and postpartum MVPA promotion should continue, as it has numerous other benefits.

scholarly journals Impact of student exclusion (including from the SPE) on their digitisation behaviour in social media

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-224
Author(s):  
Marcin Prościak ◽  
Beata Prościak
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Special Educational Needs ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Digital Exclusion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Aim. The aim of this thesis is to present the impact of students exclusion (including SPEs) on their virtual behaviour in social media. Students with no special educational needs and those with SEN were taken into account. The relationship between exclusion of SPE and digitisation exclusion will be indicated . In addition, social exclusion in the family area was included. Methods: The analysis was based on statistical methods, such as: range, standard deviation, variance. Surveys were used. They were conducted on the Internet through the Facebook social portal on a national and global scale. Results: Respondents from around the world feel more excluded by the SPE than respondents in Poland. In contrast, respondents from the SPE use fewer social networking sites than in groups of computer players, both in Poland and worldwide. Conclusions: In Poland, SPE is not a barrier to communication with peers for most respondents, unlike global respondents. Respondents from the SPE spend less time on social portals because it absorbs their time devoted to learning, which can be an indicator of digital exclusion. Cognitive value: The originality of the research is to focus on introducing the global and Polish scale of the problem excluding students from SPE from the social media, which was calculated by the author’s method based on the indicator digital exclusion.

The Impact of Social Media Branding on Developing Brand Advocates for Start-Ups

2019 ◽  
pp. 1245-1268
Author(s):  
Tamer Abbas Awad ◽  
Shereen Mohamed Abdel Fatah
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Electronic Word Of Mouth ◽  
Brand Advocacy ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Organizations are realizing the importance of social media and social networking sites as a communication channel for their brands. Startups, which are new small ventures, face many challenges to prosper in today's fast-paced economy. This research focuses on the challenge of building brand advocacy against the start-ups' low brand awareness and limited financing capabilities. Brand advocacy is defined as the extent to which consumers recommend the brand to their community. It is mainly characterized by high brand loyalty and strong positive electronic word of mouth. This research aims to explore the drivers of brand advocacy on social media in case of startups. The results of the will serve as the input for the second phase which follows a quantitative approach in which a survey will be undertaken to determine first, the relationship between the variables validated in the first phase and brand advocacy mediated by brand loyalty and electronic word of mouth, and second, test for demographics differences in this relationship.

Digital Social Networking Use Effect on Individual Job Performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-48
Author(s):  
Marwa Mallouli Ben Zouitina ◽  
Zouhour Smaoui Hachicha
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Multiple Case Study ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter aims to explore the impact of social networking sites (SNS) usage on individual work performance (IP). A literature review revealed contrasting results. A multiple-case study on 15 employees from eight Tunisian firms has been conducted to highlight the SNS effects on IP in the specific context of democratic transition. Data have been collected by semi-structured interviews and coded using the Nvivo 10 software. The analysis shows that, depending on the level of SNS usage, three types of effect are identified on IP at work: positive, negative, or null. This result invites researcher to consider the usage intensity when analyzing SNS effects on IP. Understanding the different types of SNS usage by actors and their effects on IP could help managers to take appropriate decisions to take profit from this usage. This research suggests also that organizational policy moderates the relationship between SNS usage and IP.

scholarly journals Correlates of Body Image in Polish Weight Trainers

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Guszkowska ◽  
Tomasz Maziarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
The Body ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Figure Rating Scale ◽  
Ideal Body

AbstractPurpose. The purpose of this study was to determine body image and body satisfaction in Polish adult men involved in resistance training and to investigate their relationships with objective anthropometric and training characteristics. Methods. The study included 176 males aged 18-31 years with 1-14 years resistance training experience. The Figure Rating Scale, Body Satisfaction Scale and a self-designed questionnaire were administered. Results. Approximately 62% of the participants would like to be more muscular, only 29% accepted their appearance and 9% would like to be less muscular. The body selected as the personal ideal (M = 5.34) was less muscular than the body considered by the participants to be ideal by other men (normative body; M = 6.07) and was more muscular than the body thought to be most attractive to women (M = 5.10). Actual and ideal body muscularity correlated positively with age and body mass, height and BMI. Dissatisfaction with trunk and motor characteristics correlated positively with ideal body and the body considered most attractive to women as well as with the discrepancy indices between the above factors and the actual body. Conclusions. Men regularly involved in resistance training were found to strive for a muscular physique. The normative body, the physique believed to be desired by other men, was more muscular than what was considered preferential to women. However, the latter constitutes a stronger determinant of the level of body satisfaction in men engaged in resistance training.

scholarly journals Don't be so emotional! How tone of voice and service type affect the relationship between message valence and consumer responses to WOM in social media

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 905-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freya De Keyzer ◽  
Nathalie Dens ◽  
Patrick De Pelsmacker
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumer Responses ◽  
Moderating Variables ◽  
Service Type ◽  
Tone Of Voice ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the boundary conditions of the effect of the valence of word-of-mouth on social networking sites (sWOM) on consumer responses (attitude toward the service provider, purchase intention and positive word-of-mouth intention). Specifically, the authors examine two moderators: the tone of voice (factual vs emotional) of the sWOM and service type (utilitarian vs hedonic) of the service that the sWOM is about. Design/methodology/approach A 2 (message valence: positive vs negative) × 2 (tone of voice: factual vs emotional) × 2 (service type: utilitarian vs hedonic) full-factorial between-subjects online experiment with 400 respondents was conducted and the data were analyzed using Hayes’ PROCESS macro. Findings The results show that message valence exerts a greater impact on consumer responses with factual sWOM messages compared to emotional ones. Furthermore, the impact of message valence is stronger for hedonic services compared to utilitarian services. In contrast to the authors’ expectations, there is no significant impact of matching the tone of voice to the service type. Practical implications First, for sWOM senders, factual messages are found to be more influential: backing an sWOM up with arguments and specific details increases the chance of it affecting consumers’ responses. As a result, marketers, especially of predominantly hedonic services, should encourage their followers and customers to spread positive factual sWOM about their service. Originality/value The study tests two previously unstudied moderating variables that affect the relationship between message valence and consumer responses to sWOM messages. Moreover, this study provides interesting insights for marketers and bloggers or reviewers.

scholarly journals How might avatar appearance influence health-related outcomes? A systematic review and narrative meta-review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver James Clark ◽  
Sarah Grogan ◽  
Jenny Cole ◽  
Nicola Ray
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Meta Review ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Self Discrepancy ◽  
Exercise Game

Research has suggested that positive health behaviour change may be achieved using representations of the self in virtual environments (avatars) to alter self-perception, and model behaviours. This systematic review aimed to assess studies exploring role that avatar appearance plays in influencing health-related outcomes.Journal databases, author books and websites, and grey literature sources were searched for experimental studies in which avatar appearance was used to manipulate physical health-related outcomes in healthy populations. A total of 16 articles (17 studies, 39 effect sizes) addressing primary (e.g. ex- ercise, diet, and smoking), and secondary (e.g. body satisfaction) health related attitudes and behaviours were included.Eight studies reported significant main effects of avatar manipulation, which included avatar body type (varied by adiposity or muscularity), and Self Discrepancy Theory-based (SDT; e.g. actual, ideal, ought selves) customisa- tion.The review indicates a dearth of research on avatar appearance and health- related outcomes. The assignment of avatars with varying body types ap- peared to consistently affect immediate physical activity during exercise game play. The assignment of ‘obese’ avatars appeared to reduce positive behavioural outcomes: however the absence of control conditions make it unclear whether performance was improved in the thinner condition, or re- duced in the ‘obese’ condition. Results from this review indicate a need for a grounded, theory-driven approach to future avatar appearance-based studies.

scholarly journals Virtual Reality Life Writing and Young Adult Media Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. BB24-BB39
Author(s):  
Hannah Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Life Writing ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Fan Fiction ◽  
Immersive Virtual Reality ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article investigates the impact of digital technologies on the production of life writing texts and media for and by young adults. Five categories in total are examined: (i) Fan Fiction, (ii) life simulator games, (iii) SNS (social networking sites), (iv) VR (virtual reality) documentaries and (v) Webtoons. The article begins by synthesising numerous critical studies on children’s and digital life writing, before analysing two IVR (immersive virtual reality) documentaries in depth. It concludes by discussing the relationship between these on-the-go, online and immersive VR modes and fantasised futures, narratives of extremity and the slice of life genre.

Do Social Networking Sites Influence Well-Being? The Extended Active-Passive Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 096372142110536
Author(s):  
Philippe Verduyn ◽  
Nino Gugushvili ◽  
Ethan Kross
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
User Characteristics ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Passive Model

Do social networking sites (SNSs) influence well-being? According to the active-passive model of SNS use, the impact of SNSs on well-being depends on how they are used: Using SNSs actively to interact with other users positively affects well-being, whereas passive consumption of SNS content negatively affects well-being. However, emerging evidence suggests that the active-passive distinction is too coarse to fully capture the relationship between SNS use and well-being. Here we describe the extended active-passive model of SNS use, which refines the original model in three ways: It decomposes active use, decomposes passive use, and crosses usage types with user characteristics. We describe recent empirical evidence illustrating the benefits of these three extensions and highlight important future research directions. The extended active-passive model of SNS use provides a nuanced understanding of the relationship between SNS use and well-being by highlighting that active use of SNSs is not always beneficial and passive use is not always detrimental.

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