Determinants of Fertility in Bangladesh: Evidence From the 2014 Demographic and Health Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Mosammat Z. Nahar ◽  
Mohammad S. Zahangir
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Ideal Number ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Children Ever Born ◽  
The One

This study uses the cumulative fertility approach to examine a wide variety of factors affecting fertility among all ever-married women of childbearing ages in Bangladesh. Data are taken from the 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. The mean number of children ever born for all women is 2.45 and for women aged 40 to 49 years is 3.89. The one-way analysis of variance is performed to observe differences in the mean number of children ever born across the levels of covariates. The generalized linear model with Poisson link function is carried out to examine the effect of covariates on fertility. The incidence rate ratio is greater than one, that is, fertility is higher among women who are Muslims, illiterates, or primary school graduates; have no access to mass media; give the first birth at the age of 15 years or earlier; ever use any contraceptive; and desired three or more babies as the ideal number of children. Type of place of residence, administrative divisions, husband’s education, respondent’s working status, husband’s occupation, age at first marriage, and the spousal age difference are also significant to some extent, especially for assessing the fertility of all women.

scholarly journals Determinants Of Fertility And Fertility Preferences In Pakistan: Comparative Secondary Analysis Of PDHS 2007-2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-38
Author(s):  
Aisha Jalil ◽  
Rubeena Zakar ◽  
Ahmed Usman ◽  
Aaisha Amjad
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Reproductive History ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Fertility Preferences ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Ideal Number ◽  
Social Demographics

Fertility rate is on gradual decline in Pakistan like other developing countries with increased acceptance of family planning methods. Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys revealed a slow decline from 4.1 in 2007 to 3.8 children per woman in 2013. Despite availability of nationally representative primary data, empirical researches on demographic and health determinants of fertility and fertility preferences in Pakistan are rare. The aim of this study is to assess the major differences in factors determining fertility and fertility preferences in Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2006- 2007 and 2012-2013. Using two data sets Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2006-2007 and 2012-2013, researchers conducted a comparison of findings generated in secondary analyses. Researchers studied the association of social demographics, reproductive history and infant mortality with fertility and fertility preferences among ever-married women of reproductive age (15-49). Results are indicated using binary logistic regression and multivariate analysis. Findings support the association of social demographics of women, living sons, child mortality and reproductive history with ideal number of children; desire to reproduce more and number of living children. Injection induced labour pains, C-section deliveries, fistula problem, abortions and spotting during gestation are associated significantly with lower ideal number of children. Living sons are positively associated with ideal number of children and negatively associated with desire to reproduce more. The desire to reproduce more in association with women’s age 15-29, rural place of residence and C-section deliveries has reduced over time from 2007 to 2013 in country. Complications during pregnancies and delivery are important determinants of fertility and fertility preferences among women. Further research is needed to assess the association of pregnancy and delivery problems with fertility and fertility preferences in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Determinants of the Number of Children Born to Reproductive Women in Ethiopia: Sampling Cluster Based National Spatial Analysis of the 2016 Demographic and Health Survey Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Aynalem Adugna
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Health Survey Data ◽  
Children Ever Born ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Individual Scores

The study uses averages of predictor variables measured at 643 sampling clusters selected for the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey to assess the strength of their individual and combined impacts on the average number of children ever born at the sampling cluster. The 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data on women aged 15 to 49 was used. In a multivariate analysis, the average values of nine predictor variables were regressed on the average number of children ever born per sampling cluster. The statistical analysis system software (SAS) version 9.4 and the geographic information system (GIS) software ArcGIS 10.4 were used. All but one of the nine predictor variables - the presence or absence of co-wives – are found to have a statistically significant effect (P < 0.001) on the number of children ever born to Ethiopian women currently in their reproductive years. The adjusted R-Square of 0.74 for the model is also statistically significant with the average number of deceased sons per cluster having the greatest contribution. The altitude of a cluster is the only non-socioeconomic variable considered. It too has a small but statistically significant effect (p < 0.001). The nine predictor variables explained three-fourths of the spatial variability in the number of children ever born. Measures that can help reduce infant and child mortality in general and the mortality of boys in particular can help reduce the number of children overborn which remains high due to the need to replace deceased children. As this work is based on cluster-level averages, the goodness of fit shown by the R2 value of the model appears to be better than that which could have been achieved by using individual scores.

scholarly journals Women’s Decision on Contraceptive Use in Ethiopia: Multinomial Analysis of Evidence From Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 233339282092456
Author(s):  
Zerihun Kura Edossa ◽  
Tilahun Fufa Debela ◽  
Biru Abdissa Mizana
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Contraceptive Utilization ◽  
Children Ever Born

Background: Women are left out of the conversation on contraceptive use due to a variety of reasons. One of the reasons women have reported for their nonuse of family planning method is that they do not decide to use or not to use it. This study aimed to assess the women’s decision-making on contraceptive use and identify its associated factors. Methods: Data for this study were extracted from the national representative 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. Data were collected using 2-stage cluster design, in which enumeration areas forming the first stage and households making the second stage. The analysis was done using multinomial logistic regression using STATA software version 14. Results: The study revealed that one-fourth (24.3%) 95% CI (23.7%-25.1%) decision was made by women. The multinomial analysis demonstrated women’s decision-making on contraceptive use was influenced by the age of women 15 to 19 years (adjusted odd ratio [AOR] = 0.327, 95% CI: 0.175-0.613), 20 to 24 years (AOR = 0.510, 95% CI: 0.390-0.666), and 25 to 29 (AOR = 0.557 95% CI: 0.460-0.675); place of residence (urban; AOR = 1.637, 95% CI: 1.331-2.015) and region in which the women dwell and husbands education; occupation of both woman and her husband; and number of children ever born were the factors significantly associated with the outcome variable. Conclusions: Women’s decision-making on contraceptive utilization was low. It was influenced by age, place of residence and region, education, occupation, and number of children ever born.

scholarly journals Determinants of immunisation coverage of children aged 12–59 months in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e015790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Putri Herliana ◽  
Abdel Douiri
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Immunisation Coverage ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Immunisation Status

ObjectivesDespite the adoption of WHO’s Expanded Programme on Immunisation in Indonesia since 1977, a large proportion of children are still completely unimmunised or only partly immunised. This study aimed to assess factors associated with low immunisation coverage of children in Indonesia.SettingChildren aged 12–59 months in Indonesia.ParticipantThe socioeconomic characteristics and immunisation status of the children were obtained from the most recent Demographic and Health Survey, the 2012 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey. Participants were randomly selected through a two-stage stratified sampling design. Data from 14 401 children aged 12–59 months nested within 1832 census blocks were included in the analysis. Multilevel logistic regression models were constructed to account for hierarchical structure of the data.ResultsThe mean age of the children was 30 months and they were equally divided by sex. According to the analysis, 32% of the children were fully immunised in 2012. Coverage was significantly lower among children who lived in Maluku and Papua region (adjusted OR: 1.94; 95% CI 1.42 to 2.64), were 36–47 months old (1.39; 1.20 to 1.60), had higher birth order (1.68; 1.28 to 2.19), had greater family size (1.47; 1.11 to 1.93), whose mother had no education (2.13; 1.22 to 3.72) and from the poorest households (1.58; 1.26 to 1.99). The likelihood of being unimmunised was also higher among children without health insurance (1.16; 1.04 to 1.30) and those who received no antenatal (3.28; 2.09 to 5.15) and postnatal care (1.50; 1.34 to 1.69).ConclusionsSocioeconomic factors were strongly associated with the likelihood of being unimmunised in Indonesia. Unimmunised children were geographically clustered and lived among the most deprived population. To achieve WHO target of protective coverage, public health interventions must be designed to meet the needs of these high-risk groups.

COMPLETED FERTILITY DURING THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: AN EXAMPLE FROM SIX SETTLEMENTS IN NORTHERN GREECE

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos N. Zafeiris ◽  
Stamatina Kaklamani
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Fertility Transition ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Strong Trend ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Children Ever Born

SummaryThis study aimed to delineate temporal trends and differentials of completed fertility and their relationship with some characteristics of the marriage system in specific anthropological populations of northern Greece. The analysis was based on the life history of quinquennial and decennial birth cohorts of married women born in the 20th century who reproduced solely within the settlements studied. The variables studied were: children ever born, mean age of mother at first marriage, mean age of mother at first child (live birth), mean age of mother at last child and reproductive span. The results indicated that there were significant differences in the demographic characteristics of marriage and that there was an ongoing fertility transition in the 20th century in the populations studied. The mechanism of fertility decline was connected with the gradual reduction of the mean age of the mother at last child, the parallel decrease in the mean age at childbearing and a shortening of the reproductive span. Fertility levels at all times maintained a dynamic character imposed by local cultural, economic and social structures, which, in turn, were part of broader national and international structures, in all the populations studied. A strong trend of convergence of fertility levels was observed among the populations studied.

scholarly journals Determinants of Under-Five Mortality in High Mortality Regions of Ethiopia: An Analysis of the 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey Data

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Gebretsadik ◽  
Emmanuel Gabreyohannes
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Health Survey Data ◽  
Low Probability

The study was a secondary analysis of existing data from the 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey data. Of the 2097 live births recorded in Affar, Somali, Benishangul-Gumuz, and Gambela regions of Ethiopia between 2006 and 2011, 366 deaths before the age of five years were reported. The univariable and multivariable Cox proportional regression models were fitted to select the factors affecting under-five mortality in these regions. The model revealed that under-five mortality significantly associated with preceding birth interval, family size, birth type, breastfeeding status, source of drinking water, and income of mother. Children born after a preceding birth interval of 2-3 years and 3 years and above were significantly less likely to have died before their fifth birthday than those born within two years. Children who were breastfed, for any period, were 25.5% (HR 1.255, 1.005–1.567, p = 0.045) less likely to have died before their fifth birthday than those who were not breastfed. Increased birth interval time corresponds to a low probability of child mortality. Thus, mothers should be encouraged to wait for a sufficient number of months after a birth to conceive another child. Furthermore, breastfeeding was of paramount importance in the fight against child mortality.

MARRIAGE STRUCTURE AND CONTRACEPTION IN NIGER

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARA ANN PETERSON
Keyword(s):  
Birth Control ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Ideal Number ◽  
Marriage Structure

Analysis of the 1992 Niger Demographic and Health Survey showed that although roughly two-thirds of both polygamous and monogamous women approve of birth control, polygamous wives are less likely than monogamous wives to discuss family size or birth control with their husband or to plan on using birth control. The study suggests that characteristics of polygamous couples have caused polygamous women to be more resistant to birth control use than monogamous women. The polygamous women tended to be married to older men who had not gone to primary school and who desired more children than monogamous husbands. The influence of marital structure is not significantly associated with intention to use birth control when the husband's age and the wife's ideal number of children were controlled for in the multivariate logistic regression model suggesting that background social factors may be more influential. In fact, educational level and age at first marriage were significantly associated with attitudes towards birth control and also with marital structure.

scholarly journals ARE THERE SEX PREFERENCES IN BRAZIL?

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (101) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Zanatta Coutinho
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Demographic Health Survey ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Sex Composition ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Sex Preference ◽  
Sex Preferences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ideal Number

Society ascribes roles and expectations for people based on their sex. When the costs and benefits of each sex are different, people may have different motivations for having sons or daughters because children of different sexes are not substitutable. Sex preferences may then increase fertility, as women and couples who pursue a certain sex composition may progress to additional births. To understand how the social structure has been shaping sex preferences and fertility ideals, it is important to identify the characteristics of women with different preferences. Using responses to questions about an ideal number of children and their sex composition available in the Brazilian Demographic Health Survey of 1996 and 2006, this paper provides evidence that a balanced sex preference exists among most Brazilians; some evidence of a secondary daughter preference is also found. Evidence also shows that “gender indifference” has become more pronounced as fertility declines.

scholarly journals Determinants of desire for more children among women in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitiku Wale Muluneh ◽  
Yikeber Abebaw Moyehodie
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Catholic Religion ◽  
Ideal Number ◽  
Living Children

Abstract Background Desire for more children has an impact on couple’s fertility behaviors. It can be a precursor of actual fertility performance. However, the desire for more children is declining over time in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to identifying the determinants of the desire for more children among women in Ethiopia. Methods The 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data were used for the analysis. The sample consisted of 15,683 women. The binary logistic regression model was used to assess the determinants of desire for more children among women in Ethiopia. The results are presented as crude odds ratios (COR) and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) together with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results No education (having no formal education) (AOR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.61–2.13), attained primary education (AOR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.43–1.83), age at first marriage 10–19 years (AOR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.27–2.54), Orthodox religion (AOR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.01–2.19), Catholic religion (AOR = 2.15, 95% CI 1.17–3.97), Muslim religion (AOR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.15–2.50), living in Amhara (AOR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.18–1.78), Oromia (AOR = 2.10, 95% CI 1.73–2.54), Benishangul (AOR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.01–1.45), SNNPR (AOR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.05–1.60), Gambela (AOR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.02–1.57), Harari (AOR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.82–2.76), ideal number of children four or fewer (AOR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.42–0.53), number of living children four or fewer (AOR = 2.12, 95% CI 1.90–2.37), and not use of contraceptives (AOR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.35–1.68) were associated with a higher desire for more children. Conclusion This finding showed that the age of women, educational level, age at first marriage, religion, region, occupation, ideal number of children, number of living children, and use of contraceptives were significant determinants of desire for more children. Therefore, it is important to adopt programs to encourage the desire for more children, implement policies in an attempt to increase the total fertility rate in Ethiopia ought to critically consider these factors. Moreover, continuous education and knowledge on reproductive health will help for better fertility behaviour for the women.

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