Nuclear Antigens and Immunoprophylaxis of Experimental Tumors induced by 20-methylcholanthrene in Mice and Rats

1967 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Maisin
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Similar Type ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Nuclear Antigens ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Specific Tumor ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Chemical Procedure

It is well known that in chemically induced sarcoma (rats) or epithelioma (mice) tumor-specific antigens are present, which differ from the tissue-specific antigens normally present in the tissues from which these cancers arise. However, the host tolerates the tumor and is apparently unable to elaborate antibodies active enough to reject the tumor. On the other hand, it is well known that the specific-tumor antigens elaborated by different cancers, though arising from a same tissue and produced by a same carcinogen, are often chemically different. These chemical differences between tissue-specific antigens constitute a major difficulty to use them to induce an immunoprophylaxis against the induction of cancer of the same tissue with a same carcinogen. Nevertheless, we have previously demonstrated that by using the specific antigens, present in a pool of microsomes extracted from cancer cells, it is possible to induce a marked degree of resistance towards the induction of a similar type of cancers in the immunised animal. In this paper it is shown that, by chemical procedure, it is possible to extract, from a pool of nuclei of cancer cells, two fractions which can induce a highly significant degree of resistance in the injected animals towards the incidence of cancer of a similar type. The two types of cancers investigated were the subcutaneous sarcoma of the rat induced by injection of methylcholanthrene and the skin cancer of the mouse induced by cutaneous methylcholanthrene paintings.

scholarly journals Study of LBHD1 Expression with Invasion and Migration of Bladder Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 440-447
Author(s):  
Chunhui Dong ◽  
Yihui Liu ◽  
Guiping Yu ◽  
Xu Li ◽  
Ling Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Urinary Bladder Cancer ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Cell Migration And Invasion ◽  
Invasion And Migration ◽  
Bladder Cancer Cells

AbstractLBHD1 (C11ORF48) is one of the ten potential tumor antigens identified by immunoscreening the urinary bladder cancer cDNA library in our previous study. We suspect that its expression is associated with human bladder cancer. However, the exact correlation remains unclear. To address the potential functional relationship between LBHD1 and bladder cancer, we examined the LBHD1 expression at the mRNA and protein level in 5 different bladder cancer cell lines: J82, T24, 253J, 5637, and BLZ-211. LBHD1 high and low expressing cells were used to investigate the migration, invasion, and proliferation of bladder cancer cells following transfection of LBHD1 with siRNA and plasmids, respectively. Our experiment showed that the degree of gene expression was positively related to the migration and invasion of the cancer cells while it had little effect on cell proliferation. Knocking down LBHD1 expression with LBHD1 siRNA significantly attenuated cell migration and invasion in cultured bladder cancer cells, and overexpressing LBHD1 with LBHD1 cDNA plasmids exacerbated cell migration and invasion. Nevertheless, a difference in cell proliferation after transfection of LBHD1 siRNA and LBHD1 cDNA plasmids was not found. Our findings suggest that LBHD1 might play a role in cell migration and invasion.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Cancer Vaccination with Immunopeptidomics-Discovered Antigens Confers Protective Antitumor Efficacy

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3408
Author(s):  
Karita Peltonen ◽  
Sara Feola ◽  
Husen M. Umer ◽  
Jacopo Chiaro ◽  
Georgios Mermelekas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Peptide Ligands ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
Preclinical Model ◽  
Vaccine Platform ◽  
Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine ◽  
Mhc I ◽  
Specific Tumor ◽  
Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines

Knowledge of clinically targetable tumor antigens is becoming vital for broader design and utility of therapeutic cancer vaccines. This information is obtained reliably by directly interrogating the MHC-I presented peptide ligands, the immunopeptidome, with state-of-the-art mass spectrometry. Our manuscript describes direct identification of novel tumor antigens for an aggressive triple-negative breast cancer model. Immunopeptidome profiling revealed 2481 unique antigens, among them a novel ERV antigen originating from an endogenous retrovirus element. The clinical benefit and tumor control potential of the identified tumor antigens and ERV antigen were studied in a preclinical model using two vaccine platforms and therapeutic settings. Prominent control of established tumors was achieved using an oncolytic adenovirus platform designed for flexible and specific tumor targeting, namely PeptiCRAd. Our study presents a pipeline integrating immunopeptidome analysis-driven antigen discovery with a therapeutic cancer vaccine platform for improved personalized oncolytic immunotherapy.

scholarly journals The Role of PKM2 in Metabolic Reprogramming: Insights into the Regulatory Roles of Non-Coding RNAs

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1171
Author(s):  
Dexter L. Puckett ◽  
Mohammed Alquraishi ◽  
Winyoo Chowanadisai ◽  
Ahmed Bettaieb
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Pyruvate Kinase ◽  
Cancer Metabolism ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Cell Progression ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Regulatory Effects

Pyruvate kinase is a key regulator in glycolysis through the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) into pyruvate. Pyruvate kinase exists in various isoforms that can exhibit diverse biological functions and outcomes. The pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2 (PKM2) controls cell progression and survival through the regulation of key signaling pathways. In cancer cells, the dimer form of PKM2 predominates and plays an integral role in cancer metabolism. This predominance of the inactive dimeric form promotes the accumulation of phosphometabolites, allowing cancer cells to engage in high levels of synthetic processing to enhance their proliferative capacity. PKM2 has been recognized for its role in regulating gene expression and transcription factors critical for health and disease. This role enables PKM2 to exert profound regulatory effects that promote cancer cell metabolism, proliferation, and migration. In addition to its role in cancer, PKM2 regulates aspects essential to cellular homeostasis in non-cancer tissues and, in some cases, promotes tissue-specific pathways in health and diseases. In pursuit of understanding the diverse tissue-specific roles of PKM2, investigations targeting tissues such as the kidney, liver, adipose, and pancreas have been conducted. Findings from these studies enhance our understanding of PKM2 functions in various diseases beyond cancer. Therefore, there is substantial interest in PKM2 modulation as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of multiple conditions. Indeed, a vast plethora of research has focused on identifying therapeutic strategies for targeting PKM2. Recently, targeting PKM2 through its regulatory microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) has gathered increasing interest. Thus, the goal of this review is to highlight recent advancements in PKM2 research, with a focus on PKM2 regulatory microRNAs and lncRNAs and their subsequent physiological significance.

scholarly journals The Next-Generation of Combination Cancer Immunotherapy: Epigenetic Immunomodulators Transmogrify Immune Training to Enhance Immunotherapy

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3596
Author(s):  
Reza Bayat Mokhtari ◽  
Manpreet Sambi ◽  
Bessi Qorri ◽  
Narges Baluch ◽  
Neda Ashayeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Viral Proteins ◽  
Tumor Rejection ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Patient Response ◽  
Specific Antigens

Cancer immunotherapy harnesses the immune system by targeting tumor cells that express antigens recognized by immune system cells, thus leading to tumor rejection. These tumor-associated antigens include tumor-specific shared antigens, differentiation antigens, protein products of mutated genes and rearrangements unique to tumor cells, overexpressed tissue-specific antigens, and exogenous viral proteins. However, the development of effective therapeutic approaches has proven difficult, mainly because these tumor antigens are shielded, and cells primarily express self-derived antigens. Despite innovative and notable advances in immunotherapy, challenges associated with variable patient response rates and efficacy on select tumors minimize the overall effectiveness of immunotherapy. Variations observed in response rates to immunotherapy are due to multiple factors, including adaptative resistance, competency, and a diversity of individual immune systems, including cancer stem cells in the tumor microenvironment, composition of the gut microbiota, and broad limitations of current immunotherapeutic approaches. New approaches are positioned to improve the immune response and increase the efficacy of immunotherapies, highlighting the challenges that the current global COVID-19 pandemic places on the present state of immunotherapy.

The undefined relationship between tumor antigens and histocompatibility antigens on cancer cells

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-492
Author(s):  
Giorgio Parmiani ◽  
Giuseppe Fossati ◽  
Giuseppe Porta
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Histocompatibility Antigens

scholarly journals Screening of Differentiation-Specific Molecular Biomarkers for Colon Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 2543-2550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Qi ◽  
Yanqing Ding
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Cancer Tissues

Background/Aims: Owing to the lack of effective molecular markers to evaluate colon cancer differentiation grade, screening of effective molecular markers for the diagnosis and treatment of colon cancer is of great significance. This study is a screening study for molecular markers related to the differentiation of colon using the tissue-specific genes of colon. Methods: This study compared the expression profiles of colon cancer at various differentiation grades and screened the down-regulated genes associated with decreased differentiation. IL22RA1 gene was derived from the intersection of obtained gene and colon tissue-specific genes. We used DriverDB and The Human Protein Atlas to analyze the expression level of IL22RA1 in various tissue cells, also used Kaplan-Meier method to analyze the correlation between IL22RA1 and the survival of colon cancer patients, and then used the ROC curve to analyze the specificity and sensitivity of IL22RA1 diagnosis of differentiated colon cancer. Results: We found that IL22RA1 gene expression was progressively down-regulated in high-differentiated, moderate-differentiated, low-differentiated, and undifferentiated colon cancer tissues. Both RNA and protein levels of IL22RA1 were higher in colon tissues and colon cancer tissues than in other normal and cancer tissues. Comparison of IL22RA1 expression in different cancer cells found that IL22RA1 expression was significantly higher in CACO-2 colon cancer cells than in other cancer cells. Survival analysis showed that IL22RA1 gene expression was positively correlated with the overall survival rate of colon cancer patients (P=0.0224). ROC curve analysis revealed that IL22RA1 expression had good specificity and sensitivity to stage II colon cancer. Conclusion: These findings suggest that IL22RA1 serves as a specific molecular marker for the differentiation of colon cancer.

scholarly journals Improved detection of tumor suppressor events in single-cell RNA-Seq data

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew E. Teschendorff ◽  
Ning Wang
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Dropout Rate ◽  
Lung Epithelial Cells ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Regulatory Activity ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Early Tumor

Abstract Tissue-specific transcription factors are frequently inactivated in cancer. To fully dissect the heterogeneity of such tumor suppressor events requires single-cell resolution, yet this is challenging because of the high dropout rate. Here we propose a simple yet effective computational strategy called SCIRA to infer regulatory activity of tissue-specific transcription factors at single-cell resolution and use this tool to identify tumor suppressor events in single-cell RNA-Seq cancer studies. We demonstrate that tissue-specific transcription factors are preferentially inactivated in the corresponding cancer cells, suggesting that these are driver events. For many known or suspected tumor suppressors, SCIRA predicts inactivation in single cancer cells where differential expression does not, indicating that SCIRA improves the sensitivity to detect changes in regulatory activity. We identify NKX2-1 and TBX4 inactivation as early tumor suppressor events in normal non-ciliated lung epithelial cells from smokers. In summary, SCIRA can help chart the heterogeneity of tumor suppressor events at single-cell resolution.

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