scholarly journals Acute Toxicity of Aflatoxin B1 in the Dog

1966 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Newberne ◽  
Raymond Russo ◽  
Gerald N. Wogan
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Similar Nature ◽  
Aflatoxin B ◽  
Oral Doses

This work is a study of the acute effects of aflatoxin B1 in dogs. The dog has a remarkable susceptibility to aflatoxin B1 given by oral and intraperitoneal routes. Intraperitoneal administration resulted in the shortest survival time and the most profound pathological changes. However, massive single oral doses produced lesions of similar nature and intensity. Oral administration of aflatoxin in small, divided doses, over extended periods proved to be less toxic. The experimentally induced disease resembled hepatitis X in many respects.

Evaluation of acute and subchronic toxicity of “Tran Chau Nguu Hoang Hoan” in experimental animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 148 (12) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Tran Thai Ha ◽  
Pham Thi Van Anh ◽  
Dao Xuan Tinh ◽  
Dinh Thi Thu Hang
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Microscopic Images ◽  
Renal Functions ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Oral Doses

“Tran chau nguu hoang hoan” was prepared from 12 herbal ingredients. So far, the safety of this product, has not been reported yet. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the acute and subchronic toxicity of “Tran chau nguu hoang hoan” through oral administration in experimental animals. The acute toxicity was determined by the method of Litchfield Wilcoxon in mice at the doses of 2.42 g/kg b.w/day to 6.04 g/kg b.w/day. The subchronic toxicity was evaluated followed the Guideline of WHO and OECD in rats with oral doses of 58.0 mg/kg b.w/day and 174.0 mg/kg b.w/day for 12 consecutive weeks. As a result, in the course of the acute toxicity test, the mice showed no abnormal sign or death. In terms of the subchonic toxicity test, hematological indexes, hepato-renal functions and microscopic images of liver and kidney were unchanged. In conclusion, “Tran chau nguu hoang hoan” does not appear to produce acute and subchronic toxicities in mice and rats.

scholarly journals A study of acute toxicity of dry extracts of the earth almond (chufa) tubers and herb

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
S. M. Marchyshyn ◽  
L. V. Slobodianiuk ◽  
I. M. Ivasiuk
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Subcutaneous Layer ◽  
And Control

The aim of the work – to study the acute toxicity of dry extracts obtained from herb and tubers of the earth almond. Materials and methods. The objects of research were dry extracts obtained from herb and tubers of the Cyperus esculentus L. (chufa). Acute toxicity of dry extracts, obtained from the earth almond herb and tubers, was studied with V. B. Prozorovskyi’s method on 42 white nonlinear mice of both sexes weighing 21–25 g, divided into groups (each comprising 3 males and 3 females). The studied extracts were administered once intraperitoneally in doses of 1000 mg/kg, 3000 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg. The animals were observed for 14 days. Results. Single intraperitoneal administration of dry extracts obtained from herb and tubers of the earth almond at doses of 1000 mg/kg, 3000 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg did not affect the dynamics of mice’s body weight in comparison with the control group. Experimental and control animals gained weight in accordance with physiological norms. External examination of the animals showed no signs of pathological changes in their condition: the hair and skin were clean, the subcutaneous layer of adipose tissue was moderate, signs of skin damage and inflammatory lesions were not observed on the mucous membranes. Besides, visual estimation of the internal organs condition showed no signs of pathological changes. Conclusions. According to the results of acute toxicity determination based on the classification by K. K. Sydorov, dry extracts obtained from herb and tubers of the earth almond, can be attributed to class VI toxicity – almost harmless substances, LD50 >5000 mg/kg.

Toxicity of Nerium oleander and Rhazya stricta in Najdi Sheep: Hematologic and Clinicopathologic Alterations

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. I. Adam ◽  
M. A. Al-Yahya ◽  
A. H. Al-Farhan
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Oral Dosing ◽  
Rhazya Stricta ◽  
Najdi Sheep ◽  
Oral Doses ◽  
Hematological Values

The toxic effects of oral administration of 0.25 g/kg Nerium oleander leaves, 0.25 g/kg Rhazya stricta leaves or their mixture at 0.25 g/kg N. oleander leaves plus 0.25 g/kg R. stricta leaves on Najdi sheep were investigated. Daily oral dosing of R. stricta leaves for 42 days was not fatal to sheep while single oral doses of either N. oleander leaves or the mixture with R. stricta leaves proved fatal to animals within 24 hours with dyspnea, grunting, salivation, grinding of the teeth, ruminal bloat, frequent urination, ataxia and recumbency prior to death. The main lesions were widespread congestion or hemorrhage, pulmonary cyanosis, emphysema, bronchotracheal froths, and hepatonephropathy. The clinical and pathological changes were correlated with alterations in serum LDH and AST activities and concentrations of cholesterol, bilirubin, urea, total protein, albumin, and globulin and hematological values.

scholarly journals Evaluation of acute and subchronic toxicities of “Phuong Dong Dai Trang” tablets in experimental animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Tran Thanh Tung ◽  
Dau Thuy Duong ◽  
Pham Thi Thuy Minh ◽  
Nguyen Thu Hien ◽  
Dinh Thi Thu Hang
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Human Dose ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Oral Doses

The study aimed to evaluate the acute and subchronic toxicities of “Phuong Dong Dai Trang” tablets through oral administration using experimental animal models. Acute toxicity in Swiss mice was determined using the Litchfield Wilcoxon method. The subchronic toxicity in Wistar rats was evaluated according to WHO and OECD’s recommendation with oral doses of 4.68 g/kg/day (equivalent to recommended human dose) and 14.04 g/kg/day (3 times the recommended human dose) for 4 consecutive weeks. In terms of acute toxicity, “Phuong Dong Dai Trang” tablets did not express acute toxicity in mice at the highest dose used (232.14 g materials/kg). In terms of the subchronic toxicity, after oral administration of “Phuong Dong Dai Trang” tablets, hematological parameters, hepato - renal functions, and microscopic images of liver and kidney were unchanged in the treatment group compared to the control group. In conclusion, “Phuong Dong Dai Trang” tablets did not produce acute and subchronic toxicities in Swiss mice and Wistar rats.

Confirmatory Tests for Aflatoxin B1

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 801-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter John Andrellos ◽  
George R Reid
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Thionyl Chloride ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Trifluoroacetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Confirmatory Tests ◽  
Aflatoxin B ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract Three confirmatory tests have been devised to identify aflatoxin B±. Portions of the isolated toxin are treated with formic acid-thionyl chloride, acetic acid-thionyl chloride, and trifluoroacetic acid, respectively, and aliquots of the three fluorescent reaction products are spotted on thin-layer chromatography plates. Standards treated with each of the three reagents, plus an untreated standard, are spotted on the same plate, and after development the spots are compared under ultraviolet light.

Secondary biosynthesis of aflatoxin B1 in Aspergillus parasiticus

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 959-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Detroy ◽  
C. W. Hesseltine
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Synthetase Activity ◽  
Macromolecular Synthesis ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Aflatoxin B ◽  
Concentration Levels

The effect of two inhibitors on the formation of aflatoxin B1 synthetase activity in strain NRRL 2999 Aspergillus parasiticus has been studied. Aflatoxin B1 synthesizing activity was measured in vivo by incorporation of the 14C-methionine methyl group into aflatoxin B1. Cycloheximide at a concentration of 150 μg/ml blocks protein synthesis completely. If addition of cycloheximide is made before B1 synthetase appears, no activity accumulates; if added during accumulation, activity is frozen at the level reached at the time of addition. The cycloheximide effect is reversible since morphogenesis, total protein synthesis, and aflatoxin B1 synthetase activity all resume after removal of the inhibitor.DL-p-Fluorophenylalanine partially inhibits aflatoxin B1 synthesis in vivo; however, its effect upon macromolecular synthesis is incomplete even at high concentration levels. Once formed, the aflatoxin synthetase appears to maintain B1 synthesis when further protein synthesis is blocked; i.e., it is not rapidly degraded.

scholarly journals Effects of Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng) pedersen aqueous extract on healing acetic acid-induced ulcers

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Setim Freitas ◽  
Cristiane Hatsuko Baggio ◽  
Samanta Luiza Araújo ◽  
Maria Consuelo Andrade Marques
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Chronic Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Pfaffia Glomerata ◽  
Tissue Healing

The present study was carried out to evaluate the acute toxicity and the effect of the aqueous extract of the roots from Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng) Pedersen (Amaranthaceae) (AEP) on the prevention of acetic acid-induced ulcer and on the healing process of previously induced ulcers. The acute toxicity was evaluated in Swiss mice after oral administration of a single dose and the chronic gastric ulcer was induced with local application of acetic acid. The results showed that the LD50 of the extract was 684.6 mg.kg-1 for the intraperitoneal administration and higher than 10 mg.kg-1by the oral route. The administration of the AEP did not prevent ulcers formation. However, the AEP increased of the healing process of previously induced ulcers. The results suggest that AEP chronically administered promote an increase of tissue healing, after the damage induced by acetic acid and the extract seemed to be destituted of toxic effects in the mice by the oral route.

DIFFERENT EFFECTS OF ORAL DOSES OF TRIIODOTHYRONINE OR THYROXINE ON THE INHIBITION OF THYROTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE (TRH) MEDIATED THYROTROPHIN (TSH) RESPONSE IN MAN

1975 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Wenzel ◽  
H. Meinhold ◽  
H. Schleusener
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Tissue ◽  
Tsh Secretion ◽  
Inhibiting Protein ◽  
Oral Doses

ABSTRACT Since contradicting results about the existence of T3 or T3 and T4 receptors in pituitary tissue have been reported, the influence of L-triiodothyronine (L-T3) or L-thyroxine (L-T4) on TRH stimulated TSH release was investigated. Oral administration of 50 μg L-T3 caused an increasing inhibition of TSH response to 400 μg TRH from 64 % 2 h after L-T3 intake to 29% after 24 h, while serum T3 peaks up to 5.45 ng/ml occurred between 2 to 4 h after L-T3 ingestion and became normal after 8 to 10 h. This delay in the T3 action on TRH inhibition agrees with the postulate that T3 induces the synthesis of an inhibiting protein which is blocking TSH liberation. Oral administration of 1000 μg L-T4 induced increments of serum T4 up to 221 ng/ml between 6 to 24 h after intake; however, a TRH inhibition of 62 % did not become evident before 48 h. At this time T3 levels had risen to the upper normal range. These results support the theory that T3 is responsible for the regulation of TSH secretion. An intra-pituitary conversion from T4 to T3 seems more likely the cause of the TRH inhibition rather than the peripheral T4-T3 conversion or a direct action by T4 binding sites in the pituitary.

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