Simian Neonatology: III. The Causes of Neonatal Mortality

1973 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Price ◽  
Miriam R. Anver ◽  
R. D. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Major Disease

The causes of death were studied in 82 perinatal and neonatal monkeys. Forty-three of the 82 neonatal deaths were caused by inflammatory diseases (mainly pneumonia), intrauterine distress, and trauma. In 28 of the 82 monkeys, a major disease process could not be demonstrated. Intrauterine distress and antepartum death with maceration were commoner causes of death in premature infants; trauma and inflammatory disease occurred more often in mature infants. Forty-nine of the 82 neonatal deaths occurred before the second day of life. During the last 3 weeks of the neonatal period, the majority of deaths were caused by infection.

ANALYSIS OF FETAL AND NEONATAL DEATHS IN 4117 CONSECUTIVE BIRTHS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-192
Author(s):  
HERBERT C. MILLER
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Neonatal Death ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Postmortem Examinations

An analysis of the significant causes of death in 4117 consecutive births was made; there were 66 fetal deaths and 85 neonatal deaths. A significant cause of death was determined in 51 fetuses and 56 live-born infants. Eighty-five per cent of the live-born infants who weighed over 1000 gm. at birth and had postmortem examinations had causes of death which were considered to be significant. Almost half of the live-born premature infants with birth weights between 1000 and 2500 gm. were considered to have had more than one significant cause of death. The so-called significant causes of death among live-born infants differed from those determined for fetuses dying before birth. Among the former, pathologic conditions in the infants were determined four times more frequently than in those dying before birth and, in the latter, maternal complications of pregnancy and labor were diagnosed as significant causes of death five times more frequently than in infants dying in the neonatal period. Hyaline-like material in the lung was considered to be the most frequent significant cause of death in live-born premature infants; congenital malformation and anoxia resulting from complications of labor were the most frequently determined significant causes of death in live-born full term infants. No differences were found in the significant causes of death in premature and full term fetuses. Anoxia resulting from accidental and unexpected interruption of the blood flow in the placenta and umbilical cord and from dystocia was the most frequently determined significant cause of death in both groups. A plea has been made for the adoption by obstetricians, pathologists and pediatricians of a formal uniform plan of classifying the causes of fetal and neonatal death which would divest current efforts to determine the cause of death of as much vague terminology and arbitrary opinion as possible.

Neonatal Mortality Rate in Aseptic Neonatal Care Unit of Al-Sadder Teaching Hospital in Missan Province From 2011 to 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (27) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Esraa Abd Al-Muhsen Ali
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Neonatal Care ◽  
Neonatal Mortality Rate ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Neonatal Care Unit

Background: The neonatal mortality rate is a key outcome indicator for newborn care and directly reflects prenatal, natal, and postnatal care. Early neonatal deaths are more closely associated with pregnancy-related factors and maternal health, whereas late neonatal deaths are associated more with factors in the newborn‘s environment. Objectives: To estimate the neonatal mortality rate in Aseptic Neonatal Care Unit of Al-Sadder Teaching Hospital in Missan Province during period (2011-2014). To determine the most common causes of death in the neonatal period. Patients and methods: A hospital-based study was done depending on data collected from records of the Aseptic Neonatal Care Unit of Al-Sadder Teaching Hospital in Missan Province to calculate the number of deaths within the neonatal period (0-28 days) that was conducted from 2011 to 2014. The other line of data was collected from Obstetrical Ward by calculating number of live births for the same period. Then Neonatal Mortality Rate is calculated and conducted for each year according to the method recommended by WHO. Results: The neonatal mortality rates were 12.15, 13.51, 16.37 and16.11 in 2011 to 2014 respectively in which there was an increment in mortality rate. The main causes of death were respiratory distress syndrome, birth asphyxia and congenital anomalies. Conclusion: Neonatal mortality rate was high in the Aseptic Neonatal Care Unit of Al-Sadder Teaching Hospital, but it was less than the previous period in Iraq since 1990. These results suggest, that to decrease neonatal mortality, improved health service quality is crucial.

scholarly journals Infection remains a leading cause of neonatal mortality among infants delivered at a tertiary hospital in Karachi, Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1470-1475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ayaz Mustufa ◽  
Razia Korejo ◽  
Anjum Shahid ◽  
Sadia Nasim
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Normal Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Normal Birth

Introduction: The current cohort study was conducted to determine the frequency and compare the mortality rate with associated characteristics among low birth weight and normal birth weight infants during the neonatal period at a tertiary healthcare facility, Karachi. Methodology: Close-ended structured questionnaires were used to collect information from the parents of 500 registered neonates at the time of birth. Follow-ups by phone on the 28th day of life were done to determine the mortality among low birth weight and normal birth weight babies during the neonatal period. Results: The neonatal mortality rate ranged from as low as 2.4% in the normal birth weight and 16.4% in the low birth weight categories to as high as 96% in the very low birth weight category. Respiratory distress syndrome (24.2%) and sepsis (18.2%) were reported as the leading causes of neonatal deaths. The babies’ lengths of stay ranged from 2 to 24 hours, and around 90% of neonatal deaths were reported in the first seven days of life. More than 6% of neonates died at home, and 7.6% of the deceased babies did not visit any healthcare facility or doctor before their death. In the 12–15 hours before their deaths, 13.6% of the deceased babies had been unattended. Around 90% of the deceased babies were referred from a doctor or healthcare facility. Conclusions: The present estimates of neonatal mortality are very high among low birth weight and very low birth weight categories. Infectious diseases, including respiratory distress syndrome (24.2%) and sepsis (18.2%), were leading causes of neonatal deaths.

INTERNATIONAL NEWS AND REPORTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-364
Author(s):  
C. ELAINE FIELD
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Intracranial Haemorrhage ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
International News ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Brain

The subject of the discussion on Thursday morning July 1 was "Neonatal Mortality and Morbidity." With the president Sir Leonard Parsons in the chair, Dr. Agnes R. MacGregor (Edinburgh) opened the proceedings by giving a pathological survey. She stressed the importance of cooperation between clinician and pathologist to improve certification of death and thus the accuracy of statistics. Unfortunately most records are from maternity hospitals which are not entirely representative of the whole community. Intracranial hacmorrhage and infection caused the highest number of deaths in the neonatal period, but there had been a considerable rise of developmental defects as a cause in premature infants. Dr. MacGregor considered that an infant can survive a mild intracranial haemorrhage at birth but that haemorrhage is not necessarily present in all babies showing cerebral irritation, which may be caused by oedema of the brain. She concluded that infection was the overwhelming cause in her series of deaths after the seventh day of life.

scholarly journals Maternal characteristics and the risk of neonatal mortality in Brazil between 2006 and 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Henrique Costa ◽  
Luciana Correia Alves ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Beluzo ◽  
Natalia Martins Arruda ◽  
Rodrigo Campos Bresan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
The Public ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Demographic Profiles ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth

Neonatal deaths account for more than 60% of infant deaths and are a major concern in Brazil. The reduction of the occurrence of these events appears to be more challenging than post-neonatal deaths, as such a reduction depends more on factors related to the pregnancy and childbirth than sanitary and health conditions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of maternal factors (schooling, marital status, and age) on the risk of neonatal mortality in Brazil between 2006 and 2016. Data were collected from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics as well as two information systems of the public health-care system: Mortality Information System and Live Birth Information System. The total valid sample size was 28,362,359 children. Visualization and classification methods were performed. The results revealed a considerably higher risk of neonatal deaths when the mothers were unmarried, had a low level of schooling, and were outside the 20-34-year-old age group. Different demographic profiles in Brazil exert an influence on neonatal health. The identification of the risk factors of neonatal mortality can assist in ensuring pregnancy, delivery, and a neonatal period of greater quality.

scholarly journals Hubungan Kelengkapan Kunjungan ANC, Umur Ibu Hamil dan Konsumsi Fe <90 Tablet dengan Kematian Neonatal

2021 ◽  
pp. 218-222
Author(s):  
Kukuh Purwo Saputro ◽  
Mexitalia Setiawati ◽  
Suhartono Suhartono ◽  
Dwi Sutiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Maternal Factors ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Factors Associated

Background: Neonatal deaths are those that occur in the neonatal period when the baby is born up to 28 days (0-28 days). Neonatal mortality contributes to 56% of infant deaths due to complications such as BBLR, asphyxia, and infections that should be prevented by taking into account the condition of the mother before and during pregnancy because it will determine the condition of the baby being born. This study aimed to determine maternal factors associated with neonatal mortality.Methods: The design of an analytic observational study using a case-control. The population of the study was infants born in Banjarnegara District in 2018. The sample of the study was 65 cases and 65 controls taken by simple random sampling. The data were analyzed univariate and bivariate.Result: The results showed a significant relationship between the completeness of the ANC visit (p = 0.029; OR = 3.6 (95% CI = 1.222-10.595)) and the consumption of Fe <90 tablets (p = 0.0001; OR = 4, 1 (95% CI = 1,942-8,816)) with neonatal mortality. There was no relationship between the age of pregnant women <20 years old and >35 years old with neonatal mortality.Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is the variables that are statistically related to neonatal mortality are completeness of ANC visit and consumption of Fe <90 tablets.

scholarly journals Causes of Preterm and Low Birth Weight Neonatal Mortality in a Rural Community in Kenya: Evidence From Verbal and Social Autopsy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Olack ◽  
Nicole Santos ◽  
Mary Inziani ◽  
Vincent Moshi ◽  
Polycarp Oyoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Social Autopsy

Abstract BackgroundUnder-five mortality in Kenya has declined over the past two decades. However, the reduction in the neonatal mortality rate has remained stagnant. In a country with weak civil registration and vital statistics systems, there is an evident gap in documentation of mortality and its causes among low birth weight (LBW) and preterm neonates. We aimed to establish causes of neonatal LBW and preterm mortality in Migori County, among participants of the PTBI-K (Preterm Birth Initiative-Kenya) study.MethodsThis was a cross sectional study whereby Verbal and social autopsy (VASA) interviews were conducted with caregivers of deceased LBW and preterm neonates delivered within selected 17 health facilities in Migori County, Kenya. The probable cause of death was assigned using the WHO International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). ResultsBetween January 2017 to December 2018, 3175 babies were born preterm or LBW, and 162 (5.1%) died in the first 28 days of life in 17 participating health facilities in the PTBI-K project. VASA was conducted among 88 (53.7%) neonatal deaths. Almost half (38, 43.2%) of the deaths occurred within the first 24 hours of life. Birth asphyxia (45.5%), neonatal sepsis (26.1%), respiratory distress syndrome (12.5%) and hypothermia (11.0%) were the leading causes of death. In the early neonatal period, majority (54.3%) of the neonates succumbed to asphyxia while in the late neonatal period majority (66.7%) succumbed to sepsis. Delay in seeking medical care was reported for 4 (5.8%) of the neonatal deaths. ConclusionDeaths among LBW and preterm neonates occur early in life due to preventable causes. This calls for enhanced intrapartum and immediate postpartum care interventions targeting asphyxia, sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome and hypothermia.

scholarly journals Causes of preterm and low birth weight neonatal mortality in a rural community in Kenya: evidence from verbal and social autopsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Olack ◽  
Nicole Santos ◽  
Mary Inziani ◽  
Vincent Moshi ◽  
Polycarp Oyoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Social Autopsy

Abstract Background Under-five mortality in Kenya has declined over the past two decades. However, the reduction in the neonatal mortality rate has remained stagnant. In a country with weak civil registration and vital statistics systems, there is an evident gap in documentation of mortality and its causes among low birth weight (LBW) and preterm neonates. We aimed to establish causes of neonatal LBW and preterm mortality in Migori County, among participants of the PTBI-K (Preterm Birth Initiative-Kenya) study. Methods Verbal and social autopsy (VASA) interviews were conducted with caregivers of deceased LBW and preterm neonates delivered within selected 17 health facilities in Migori County, Kenya. The probable cause of death was assigned using the WHO International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Results Between January 2017 to December 2018, 3175 babies were born preterm or LBW, and 164 (5.1%) died in the first 28 days of life. VASA was conducted among 88 (53.7%) of the neonatal deaths. Almost half (38, 43.2%) of the deaths occurred within the first 24 h of life. Birth asphyxia (45.5%), neonatal sepsis (26.1%), respiratory distress syndrome (12.5%) and hypothermia (11.0%) were the leading causes of death. In the early neonatal period, majority (54.3%) of the neonates succumbed to asphyxia while in the late neonatal period majority (66.7%) succumbed to sepsis. Delay in seeking medical care was reported for 4 (5.8%) of the neonatal deaths. Conclusion Deaths among LBW and preterm neonates occur early in life due to preventable causes. This calls for enhanced implementation of existing facility-based intrapartum and immediate postpartum care interventions, targeting asphyxia, sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome and hypothermia.

STUDY OF PULMONARY HYALINE-LIKE MATERIAL IN 4117 CONSECUTIVE BIRTHS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
HERBERT C. MILLER ◽  
M. HARRY JENNISON
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Chest Wall ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Pulmonary Lesion ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Respiratory Difficulty

A study has been made of 4117 consecutive births including 66 stillborn infants and 85 neonatal deaths. Autopsies were done on 22 stillborn infants and 71 infants dying during the neonatal period. From the autopsy study of neonatal deaths it was found that at least 15% of all live-born premature infants weighing between 1000 and 2000 gm. at birth had hyaline-like material in their lungs. The incidence of the pulmonary lesion was found to diminish progressively as the birth weight of the infants increased, so that it was practically non-existent in infants weighing over 3000 gm. at birth. It was found that 90% of all infants weighing over 1000 gm. at birth and dying in the first 48 hours of life had hyaline-like material in their lungs at autopsy providing their mothers' pregnancies and labors had been free of serious complications and providing that the infants themselves had no other clinically recognized disease or defect of a serious nature. No relation was found between the presence of the pulmonary lesion and the race, sex, order of birth of the infant or the age of the mother and length or type of labor. The lesion was not produced by the aspiration of food. The symptomatology of the infants dying with hyaline-like material in their lungs was characterized by marked respiratory difficulty, including retraction of the lower chest wall with inspiration. The symptoms were not pathognomonic, but few premature infants with similar symptoms survived. The pathogenesis of this pulmonary lesion remains unknown. The theory is advanced, based on the facts brought out in this study, that the hyaline-like material in the lung is the result of an etiologic agent that not only injures the lung of the fetus, but also causes the premature birth of the infant so injured.

SEX DIFFERENCES IN INFANT MORTALITY IN SPITALFIELDS, LONDON, 1750–1839

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
LOUISE HUMPHREY ◽  
SILVIA BELLO ◽  
EMILY ROUSHAM
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Male Infant ◽  
Significant Excess ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Marked Decline ◽  
Exogenous Factors

SummaryThis study examines sex differences in infant mortality in Spitalfields, London, and the estimated contribution of endogenous and exogenous factors to neonatal and infant mortality using the biometric model from 1750 to 1839. There was a marked decline in the risk of death during infancy and the neonatal period for both sexes during the study period. There was significant excess male infant mortality compared with that of females in the 1750–59 cohort, estimated from baptism and burial registers, but not in later cohorts. Similarly, males had higher neonatal mortality rates than females in 1750–59 but not in later cohorts. Biometric analyses suggest that the observed decrease in neonatal mortality in both sexes was caused by a reduction in both endogenous and exogenous causes of death. The contribution of maternal health and breast-feeding practices to the observed patterns of mortality is discussed in the light of available evidence.

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