scholarly journals Lisbon in the sixteenth century: decoding the Chafariz d’el Rei

Race & Class ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-81
Author(s):  
Stefan Halikowski Smith
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Public Square ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Black Residents ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Portuguese Society

An anonymous sixteenth-century painting of the King’s Fountain in the Lisbon Alfama, Chafariz d’el Rei, recently the subject of speculation over its provenance and date, has also been of interest because of its depiction of so many black and white figures together, from all social strata and walks of life and in many (often water-related) trades in a public square. It very obviously suggests that black residents of Lisbon at that time, if originating from the trade in slaves, had been able to make their way as freedmen and women into Portuguese society. With careful reading of the figures in the painting against other written and painted portrayals from the time, the author attempts to deduce if this was an accurate depiction of Lisbon in the 1500s, or whether the painter might have distorted reality to render Lisbon as a ludic or exotic space – or indeed to disparage it. The painter himself might well have come from northern Europe.

scholarly journals The English in Russia During the Second Half of the Sixteenth Century

1920 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 72-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mildred Wretts-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Far East ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Independent Study ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Far East ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

The following paper contains the results of an independent study of an episode in the commercial history of this country which has been the subject of some important researches during recent years. The beginnings of mercantile adventure in Russia and other regions of Northern Europe and the Far East have been related by contemporary men of action, most of whose narratives have been carefully edited in the Hakluyt Series; but the political and economic environment of the Muscovy Company itself was still in need of elucidation from contemporary State Papers and other records. Some of these sources have been used by Madame Lubimenko, Dr. A. J. Gerson and Mr. O. T. Williams for special aspects of the subject; but a large mass of material of the first importance has remained untouched.

scholarly journals Understanding Drivers of COVID-19 Racial Disparities: A Population-Level Analysis of COVID-19 Testing among Black and White Populations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaloke Mody ◽  
Kristin Pfeifauf ◽  
Cory Bradley ◽  
Branson Fox ◽  
Matifadza G Hlatshwayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kansas City ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Black And White ◽  
City Regions ◽  
Black Residents ◽  
Black Populations ◽  
The Lorenz Curve ◽  
Senior Services

Abstract Background Disparities in COVID-19 testing—the pandemic’s most critical but limited resource—may be an important but modifiable driver of COVID-19 inequities. Methods We analyzed data from the Missouri State Department Health and Senior Services on all COVID-19 tests conducted in the St. Louis and Kansas City regions. We adapted a well-established tool for measuring inequity—the Lorenz curve—to compare COVID-19 testing rates per diagnosed case among Black and White populations. Results Between 3/14/2020 and 9/15/2020, 606,725 and 328,204 COVID-19 tests were conducted in the St. Louis and Kansas City regions, respectively. Over time, Black individuals consistently had approximately half the rate of testing per case compared to White individuals. In the early period (3/14/2020 to 6/15/2020), zip codes in the lowest quartile of testing rates accounted for only 12.1% and 8.8% of all tests in the St. Louis and Kansas City regions, respectively, even though they accounted for 25% of all cases each region. These zip codes had higher proportions of residents who were Black, without insurance, and with lower median incomes. These disparities were reduced but still persisted during later phases of the pandemic (6/16/2020 to 9/15/2020). Lastly, even within the same zip code, Black residents had lower rates of tests per case compared to White residents. Conclusions Black populations had consistently lower COVID-19 testing rates per diagnosed case compared to White populations in two Missouri regions. Public health strategies should proactively focus on addressing equity gaps in COVID-19 testing to improve equity of the overall response.

The Reformation of the Sixteenth Century in Renaissance Italy

1981 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 149-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip M. J. McNair
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Giordano Bruno ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Renaissance Italy ◽  
The One

Between the execution of Gerolamo Savonarola at Florence in May 1498 and the execution of Giordano Bruno at Rome in February 1600, western Christendom was convulsed by the protestant reformation, and the subject of this paper is the effect that that revolution had on the Italy that nourished and martyred those two unique yet representative men: unique in the power and complexity of their personalities, representative because the one sums up the medieval world with all its strengths and weaknesses while the other heralds the questing and questioning modern world in which we live.

‘Insolence and pride’: problems with the representation of the South-East Asian Portuguese communities in Alexander Hamilton's ‘A New Account of the East Indies’ (1727)

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-235
Author(s):  
STEFAN HALIKOWSKI-SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
East Asia ◽  
East Asian ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
Rhetorical Tropes

AbstractOne of the most influential European printed sources on South-East Asia at the turn of the eighteenth century was the Scottish sea-captain Alexander Hamilton's memoirs. The picture he paints of the Portuguese communities that had existed since the period of Portuguese ascendancy in the sixteenth century is overwhelmingly negative. But a close textual and empirical analysis of his text shows that not only was he frequently misinformed in terms of the historical developments relating to that community, but that he merely conforms to a set of standard rhetorical tropes we can associate with the Black Legend, which had grown up in Protestant countries of northern Europe since the 16th century to denigrate Portugal and her achievements. This article urges that this key text consequently be used with far greater circumspection than has hitherto been the case.

HAS PSYCHOLOGIC MALNUTRITION TAKEN THE PLACE OF RICKETS AND SCURVY IN CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRIC PRACTICE?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 909-918
Author(s):  
Nathan B. Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Lemon Juice ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Scientific Medicine ◽  
Pediatric Practice ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Baltic

WHILE MEDICAL HISTORIANS cannot provide us with accurate statistics concerning the incidence of rickets and scurvy in centuries past, they leave little room for doubt about the high prevalence of these disorders prior to the advent of modern scientific medicine. Thus, Castiglione has written that in the sixteenth century scurvy raged throughout northern Europe, in Scandinavia, on the shores of the Baltic, and in the interior of Germany. It is interesting to note, however, that Jacques Cartier, whose sailors had been ravaged by scurvy, learned in 1536 from the Indians that the malady could be cured by juices of the almeda tree. This was 200 years before James Lind demonstrated the curative effects of lemon juice in his treatise on scurvy published in 1753 and almost 400 years before ascorbic acid, which was isolated by Szent-Gyorgi in 1928, was recognized to be vitamin C by Waugh and King in 1932. Rickets, likewise, was occurring in a large portion of children prior to the discovery of the existence of vitamin D by Hess, Steinbock, and Windaus in 1918, of its therapeutic value by Mellanby in 1919, of the equivalent role of sunlight by Hess in 1921, and of the chemical composition of the vitamins by Windaus in 1922. But 200 years earlier Friedrick Hoffman had the answer to the control of this disease almost in hand. He attached much importance to climatic conditions as a factor in rickets, noting that if anything is specially powerful in producing this affliction, it is a surrounding atmosphere of cold foggy air. He cited as striking evidence of this the famous emporium of England, London, which he found to be specially apt to produce and foster this disease.

Probability—the difficulties of definition.

1951 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 204-212
Author(s):  
S. R. Searle
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Marine Insurance ◽  
Good System ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
The Subject

Although the subject of probability is of such vital importance to insurance, no great detailed study was given to it until the sixteenth century. This was nearly two thousand years after the world's first insurance venture, that of Antimenes on behalf of Greek slave-owners against loss of their slaves (the early Greeks had also a good system of marine insurance). As in many fields of study, the early students of probability met with a great deal of opposition, which must have extended well into the nineteenth century, judging from the evidence of de Morgan's book of 1838.

scholarly journals Post-Reformation Reformed sources and children

2008 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C. Neele
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
The Subject

This article suggests that the topic “children” received considerable attention in the post-Reformation era – the period of CA 1565-1725. In particular, the author argues that the post-Reformation Reformed sources attest of a significant interest in the education and parenting of children. This interest not only continued, but intensified during the sixteenth-century Protestant Reformation when much thought was given to the subject matter. This article attempts to appraise the aim of post-Reformation Reformed sources on the topic “children.”

scholarly journals La influencia de Pedro Luis Escrivá en el sistema defensivo colonial de América

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Pérez Gallego ◽  
Rosa María Giusto
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Territorial Defense ◽  
Cultural Transfer ◽  
Charles V ◽  
Military Engineer ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
The Subject

The influence of Pedro Luis Escrivá in the American colonial defense systemThe architect and military engineer Pedro Luis Escrivá (1490 ca. - sixteenth century), at the service of Charles V of Habsburg and the Viceroyal Court of Naples, built two bastioned fortifications designed to considerably influence the subject of territorial defense structures: The quadrangular Spanish Fort of L'Aquila (1534-1567) and the reconstruction of the Sant’Elmo Castle in Naples (1537), with an elongated six-pointed stellar plan, served as a reference point for the European and American fortifications of the period. Due to its size and versatility, the model adopted in L’Aquila was widely used in the Latin American context between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries. It is found in countries that were Hispanic colonies such as Cuba, Mexico, Venezuela, Chile, Argentina and Uruguay; as well as in the Hispanic domains of the United States and in some of the dependent territories of the Portuguese crown, in Brazil. Based on a historical-architectural and contextual analysis of these structures, the effects of the “cultural transfer” between Europe and America will be investigated with respect to the model devised by Escrivá to promote its cultural valorization.

Semiosis du corps dans la littérature sexologique arabe

Semiotica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (208) ◽  
pp. 259-284
Author(s):  
Mohamed Bernoussi
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Muslim Society ◽  
Black And White ◽  
New Period ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Muslim Culture

AbstractAfter giving a synthesis about a possible semiotics of the body and its conditions, we will deal with the question of the semiosis of the body in sexual literature in two periods of the arabo-muslim culture. The first period concerns the second century of hegira (the eightieth century), a decisive period of young and already powerful arabo-muslim society. Through Al Jahiz’s works, a very busy and prolific writer, we will study different discourses on the body, notably on homosexuality, heterosexuality and the opposition between black and white bodies. The second example constitutes an occasion for us to grasp the evolution of the semiosis of the body in a new period and with a specific writer who is Al Soyouté, a scholar of the sixteenth century. We will focus particularly on Al Soyouté’s new ideas on the body and his original references to the Greek corpus, but also to the traditions of Coran and Hadith.

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