Pathways to Family Violence: Investigating Patterns in the Event Process of Family Violence Perpetrators

2020 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2096994
Author(s):  
Meg Stairmand ◽  
Louise Dixon ◽  
Devon L. L. Polaschek
Keyword(s):  
Family Violence ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Original Sample ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Conflict Escalation ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

This study is part of a larger research project that developed the event process model of family violence (FVEPM). The FVEPM was developed by applying grounded theory methods to the event narratives of 14 men and 13 women completing community-based family violence (FV) perpetrator treatment programs. The current study extends this work with the original sample, by examining the routes individual events take through the FVEPM. Three main pathways—comprising 93% of event narratives—were identified: a conflict escalation pathway ( n = 14), an automated violence pathway ( n = 6), and a compliance pathway ( n = 6). Our findings extend existing FV typologies and theories by identifying patterns of features pertaining to the individual, the relationship, and the situation that converge to result in FV perpetration during a FVE. Further validation and development of the pathways may provide FV practitioners with an organizing framework from which to identify more nuanced assessment, treatment planning, and risk management processes for the diverse range of FV perpetrators they are tasked with treating.

Testing the Generalizability of the Event Process Model of Family Violence With an Incarcerated Sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-135
Author(s):  
Meg Stairmand ◽  
Louise Dixon ◽  
Devon L. L. Polaschek
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Family Violence ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Conflict Escalation ◽  
Descriptive Theory

The event process model of family violence (FVEPM) presents a descriptive theory of a family violence (FV) event from the perpetrator’s perspective. Developed in a community setting, the FVEPM is comprised of four interrelated sections and describes three pathways to FV perpetration (Pathway 1: Conflict escalation, Pathway 2: Automated violence, and Pathway 3: Compliance). This study further developed the FVEPM by testing the generalizability of the model and its pathways with an incarcerated sample of eight men with extensive histories of violent and other offending. Event narratives were gathered during individual semi-structured interviews, and were systematically analyzed using grounded theory methods. Overall, findings suggest that the FVEPM and its pathways can accommodate an incarcerated sample. However, several inconsistencies were found: Event narratives were better represented by splitting Pathway 1 into two sub-types, and no event narratives were assigned to Pathway 3. Implications for FV theories and treatment are discussed.

Differences in Person-Environment Congruence between Microenvironments

1984 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton F. Nehrke ◽  
John B. Morganti ◽  
Stanley H. Cohen ◽  
Irene M. Hulicka ◽  
Susan K. Whitbourne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Being And Time ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Satisfaction Index ◽  
Perceived Environment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Congruence Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Life Satisfaction Index

ABSTRACTIn the Person-Environment (P-E) Congruence model, psychological well-being is proposed to be a function of the degree of fit between the perceived environment and the important needs of the individual; and, that in more restricted environments, the relationship is stronger. The present study examined, cross-sectionally and longitudinally, the Congruence levels and well-being of elderly veterans (N = 165) in four microenvironments within a single instutition. Congruence was assessed using the multidimensional Environmental Perception, Preference and Importance Scale (EPPIS). Well-being was measured using the PGC Moral Scale, the Life Satisfaction Index A and a semantic differential self-concept scale. There were significant microenvironment differences on three of the 15 EPPIS dimensions; the P-E Congruence scores were predictive of well-being; and, the specific dimensions predictive of well-being varied across microenvironments, criterion of well-being and time. The data reinforces the notion that treatment programs must be individualized and that the P-E model, operationalized in the EPPIS, may serve as a viable clinical tool.

scholarly journals Hubungan Program Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat (STBM) Dengan Kejadian Diare Pada Masyatakat Yang Tidak Memiliki Jamban Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Berohol Kota Tebing Tinggi Tahun 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Maghdalena Br Barus ◽  
Fithri Handayani Lubis ◽  
Taruli Nadeak
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence ◽  
Total Community ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

The number of Diarrhea KLB Cases in 2010 was 2,580 with77 deaths (CFR2.98%). This result was different from 2009 where there were 3,307 cases of diarrhea KLB, 21 cases of deaths (CFR0.69%). And the latrines ownership is one  of the causes. Good total sanitation decreases 94% of diarrhea. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between total community-based sanitation programs and the incidence of diarrhea incommunities who do not own latrines. This type of research uses Cross Sectional research. The population of this study is all communities  that reside in the working area of​Puskesmas Berohol of Tebing Tinggi City. The sample is 60 respondents using the Simple Random Sampling technique. Instrument research questionnaire and observation sheet. The results of this study state that there is a relationship between the total community-based sanitation program and the incidence of diarrhea in people who do not have latrines, wherethep-valueis 0.002 < 0.05. The conclusion is based on there search about there lationship of Community Based Total Sanitation Program (STBM) with Diarrhea Incidence in Communities that Do Not Have Latrines in the Work Area of​​ the Alcoholic Health Center of Tebing Tinggi City in 2019. The results obtained are that there is a relationship between the total community-based sanitation program (STBM) and the incidence of diarrhea. Suggestions for the community to improve the individual of total sanitation.

scholarly journals The Affective Style of Politics: Evidence from Surveys and Laboratory Experiments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Hassing Nielsen ◽  
Dan Mønster
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Goods Game ◽  
Affective Style ◽  
Large N ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

We know that emotions matter in politics, but less is known about the role of individual affective styles (i.e., the individual way of processing and responding to emotions). Building on the Process Model of Emotional Regulation (PMER), we report on two studies exploring the relationship between affective style (i.e. tolerating, adjusting, and concealing) and social and political trust. First, based on large-n survey data from Denmark (N=1048) and the United States (N=1046), we show strong cross-country similarities that adjusting positively predicts trust, while concealing negatively correlates with trust. Second, in a laboratory experiment (N=152), we conclude that concealing individuals are most influenced by emotions and contribute significantly less in a public goods game. In sum, combining various methodologies, we pioneer conclusions, showing affective style is a salient predictor for trust. We conclude by setting a research agenda for the inclusion of affective style in future studies in politics.

Community-based Health Promotion: An Analysis of Projects Conducted by Divisions of General Practice

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucio Naccarella
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Goals And Objectives ◽  
Individual Service

A descriptive analysis of community-based health promotion projects conducted by Divisions of General Practice between 1993 and 1994 and in 1996 is provided, and their design, evaluation, impact and appropriateness are considered. A total of 55 community-based health promotion projects were funded between 1993 and 1994. Analysis of the 1993 and 1994 projects revealed that: most project goals and objectives lacked clarity and measurability; almost all projects undertook some form of needs assessment; projects tended not to be targeted; participation rates and reporting varied greatly; and project evaluations were designed to measure process and impact at the individual level, rather than on a system wide level. Fifty comparable community-based health promotion projects were funded in 1996.An analysis of project proposals revealed that they were designed on the whole to be more targeted, intersectoral, collaborative and to use multiple settings and strategies than their 1993 and 1994 counterparts. Projects have increased the visibility and capacity of general practitioners (GPs) to engage in community-based health promotion, and provide evidence that they can do more than individual service provision activities, such as community-based health promotion in a diverse range of settings, and with a broad range of population groups.

Perpetrators’ Perspectives on Family Violence: An Event Process Model

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051987344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meg Stairmand ◽  
Devon L. L. Polaschek ◽  
Louise Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Family Violence ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Sexual Offending ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Violence Perpetration ◽  
Alcohol Impaired Driving ◽  
Event Based

Offense process models are descriptive theories that provide a temporal outline of an offense—including its cognitive, behavioral, contextual, and motivational components—from a perpetrator’s perspective. Offense process models have been developed for a wide range of criminal offending (e.g., alcohol-impaired driving, child sexual offending, rape, aggravated robbery, homicide), but remain underdeveloped for family violence. The purpose of this study was to develop an offense process model of family violence. We conducted individual semistructured interviews with 27 participants—14 men and 13 women—completing community-based family violence perpetrator treatment programs, and systematically analyzed participants’ narratives of family violence events using grounded theory methods. The resulting event process model of family violence (FVEPM) contains four sections, arranged temporally from the most distal to the most proximal factors in relation to the family violence event: (1) background factors, (2) event build-up, (3) event, and (4) post-event. Each section outlines the cognitive, behavioral, contextual, and motivational factors that contribute to family violence perpetration. The FVEPM is the first attempt to consider whether a single offense process model can account for a broader range of family violence than that used solely by men toward their female intimate partners. Furthermore, the FVEPM highlights the dynamic nature of family violence events (FVEs), and the salient role of situational and interpersonal factors in contributing to family violence perpetration. We argue that the FVEPM has the potential to accommodate a range of types of family violence perpetration, and makes a useful contribution to theory and research on event-based models from a perpetrator perspective.

The pragmatics of Irish English

English Today ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Vaughan ◽  
Brian Clancy
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Cultural Setting ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Language User ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cultural Indices

The utterance It's raining (of great relevance to the Irish!) can have a variety of different meanings according to who says it, to whom one is talking, and where it is said, amongst other things. The fact that language in use (whether in spoken or written mode) is obviously much more than the sum of its constituent parts – the individual sounds that make up words, the combinations of words that create sentences or utterances, the meaning that can be derived from different words and combinations thereof – has been what has driven pragmatics as a discipline, from its origins in the philosophy of language. Initially, what drove the research agenda was the potential of words to perform acts, or speech act theory (Austin, 1962; Searle, 1969), and later, the complexities of the relationship between what is said and what is meant, the study of conversational implicatures (Grice, 1975) or ‘how people can understand one another beyond the literal words that are spoken’ (Eelen, 2001: 2). Pragmatics is now an inherently inter-disciplinary approach which has as its central orientation this study of, essentially, how speaker meaning is interpreted in context. Critical to interpretation is the concept of context itself, a complex and multi-layered notion involving cultural setting, speech situation and shared background assumptions (Goodwin and Duranti, 1992). Linguistic choices made by conversational participants can simultaneously encode situational indices of position and time, and interpersonal and cultural indices such as power, status, gender and age. Pragmatic research comprises a diverse range of research strands including how linguistic choices encode politeness (Brown and Levinson, 1987; Watts, 2003), reference and deixis (Levinson, 2004) and the relationship between domain specific discourse, such as workplace or media discourse, and specialised pragmatic characteristics (O'Keeffe, Clancy and Adolphs, 2011). Thus, pragmatics provides, as Christie (2000: 29) maintains, ‘a theoretical framework that can account for the relationship between the cultural setting, the language user, the linguistic choices the user makes, and the factors that underlie those choices’.

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

The Development of Language-Training Programs for Postrubella Hearing-Impaired Children

1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Lynch ◽  
Annette Tobin
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Target Behaviors ◽  
Systematic Fashion ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Hearing Impaired Children

This paper presents the procedures developed and used in the individual treatment programs for a group of preschool, postrubella, hearing-impaired children. A case study illustrates the systematic fashion in which the clinician plans programs for each child on the basis of the child’s progress at any given time during the program. The clinician’s decisions are discussed relevant to (1) the choice of a mode(s) for the child and the teacher, (2) the basis for selecting specific target behaviors, (3) the progress of each program, and (4) the implications for future programming.

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