Fluvialism or diluvialism? Changing views on superfloods and landscape change

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Huggett
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Change ◽  
Continental Margins ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Landscape Features ◽  
The Past ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Asteroids And Comets

In a series of recent articles, the possibility was raised that, owing to the occasional impact of asteroids and comets in the oceans, lowlands on continental margins might be prone to superflooding (Huggett, 1988a; 1988b; 1989a). It was suggested that a number of landscape features, including diverted drainage systems, gorges, valley meanders and extensive sheets of gravel might have been created by these superfloods. At the conclusion of the 1989 article it was noted that many landscape changes that might be ascribed to the action of superwaves are the same as the landscape changes accredited to the Noachian Deluge by the old school of diluvialists led at its zenith in the 1820s by William Buckland (see Huggett, 1989b). Thus, the bombardment hypothesis, through its prediction of superwaves and superfloods, leads to a new brand of diluvialism. This article explores the nature of neodiluvialism a little further, drawing attention to a growing body of evidence suggesting that, owing to various agencies, truly catastrophic floods have occurred in the past. It also discusses landscape features which can be expected to have been fashioned by diluvial, rather than by fluvial, action.

scholarly journals Landscape Change in Mediterranean Farmlands: Impacts of Land Abandonment on Cultivation Terraces in Portofino (Italy) and Lesvos (Greece)

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theo Van Der Sluis ◽  
Thanasis Kizos ◽  
Bas Pedroli
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Landscape Change ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mediterranean Landscapes ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract The Mediterranean landscape has been rapidly changing over the past decades. Many regions saw a population decline, which resulted in changing land use, abandonment of marginal lands and colonisation by shrubs and tree species. Typical features like farming terraces, olive yards, and upland grasslands have been decreasing over the past 50 years. This results in a declining biodiversity and loss of traditional Mediterranean landscapes. In this paper we assess the landscape changes that took place in two areas, in Portofino, on the Italian Riviera, and Lesvos, a Greek island near the Turkish coast. We compared land use maps and aerial photographs over the past decades to quantify the land use changes in these two areas. Additional information was acquired from farmers’ interviews and literature. We found that changes are related to societal changes in the appraisal of agricultural land uses, and to the urban expansion, tourism and recreation. These diffuse processes are a result of policy measures and autonomous societal transformations. This is confirmed by the results of two interview surveys: between 1999 and 2012 agricultural land use in Portofino regional Park and buffer zone further marginalised, and the associated landscape changes are perceived as a substantial loss of character and identity. This problem is emblematic for large parts of the Mediterranean. Comparing different landscapes reveal similar processes of landscape change, which can be related to similar driving forces. Based on such comparisons, we learn about possible trajectories of change, and ask for a comprehensive approach to land use management.

Geomorphological Development of the Memphite Floodplain Over the Past 6,000 Years

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Bunbury
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Change ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
River Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Landscape Processes ◽  
Northern Egypt ◽  
Last Ice Age ◽  
River Migration

Abstract The Memphite ruin mounds around the modern town of Mit Rahina in northern Egypt form a part of a region around which the capital of Egypt mi grated through time. Some of these migrations were the responses to landscape changes and the area is one that is subject to a number of types of landscape change. The delta and river systems as well as the deserts that surround Memphis changed profoundly as global temperatures rose at theend of the last ice age. This paper summarises the main landscape processes that affected the area and pro poses a model for river migration and delta-head change in the Memphite floodplain.

John Hinshaw, Steel and Steelworkers: Race and Class Struggle in Twentieth-Century Pittsburgh. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2002. 320 pp. $75.50 cloth; $25.95 paper

2004 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 227-229
Author(s):  
Ruth Needleman
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
State University ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
The Past ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Growing Body

Richly descriptive and well documented, Steel and Steelworkers: Race and Class Struggle in Twentieth-Century Pittsburgh by John Hinshaw makes a significant contribution to the growing body of historical research on steel unionism in the twentieth century. Over the past few years, a number of new studies have broadened our understanding of unionization and work practices in the nation's steel mills, by examining in greater detail the patterns of organization in specific mills and mill towns.

scholarly journals Ground ice, organic carbon and soluble cations in tundra permafrost soils and sediments near a Laurentide ice divide in the Slave Geological Province, Northwest Territories, Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 4341-4364
Author(s):  
Rupesh Subedi ◽  
Steven V. Kokelj ◽  
Stephan Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Landscape Change ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
Ground Ice ◽  
Basal Ice ◽  
Permafrost Soils ◽  
Western Arctic ◽  
Mineral Soils

Abstract. The central Slave Geological Province is situated 450–650 km from the presumed spreading centre of the Keewatin Dome of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, and it differs from the western Canadian Arctic, where recent thaw-induced landscape changes in Laurentide ice-marginal environments are already abundant. Although much of the terrain in the central Slave Geological Province is mapped as predominantly bedrock and ice-poor, glacial deposits of varying thickness occupy significant portions of the landscape in some areas, creating a mosaic of permafrost conditions. Limited evidence of ice-rich ground, a key determinant of thaw-induced landscape change, exists. Carbon and soluble cation contents in permafrost are largely unknown in the area. Twenty-four boreholes with depths up to 10 m were drilled in tundra north of Lac de Gras to address these regional gaps in knowledge and to better inform projections and generalizations at a coarser scale. Excess-ice contents of 20 %–60 %, likely remnant Laurentide basal ice, are found in upland till, suggesting that thaw subsidence of metres to more than 10 m is possible if permafrost were to thaw completely. Beneath organic terrain and in fluvially reworked sediment, aggradational ice is found. The variability in abundance of ground ice poses long-term challenges for engineering, and it makes the area susceptible to thaw-induced landscape change and mobilization of sediment, solutes and carbon several metres deep. The nature and spatial patterns of landscape changes, however, are expected to differ from ice-marginal landscapes of western Arctic Canada, for example, based on greater spatial and stratigraphic heterogeneity. Mean organic-carbon densities in the top 3 m of soil profiles near Lac de Gras are about half of those reported in circumpolar statistics; deeper deposits have densities ranging from 1.3–10.1 kg C m−3, representing a significant additional carbon pool. The concentration of total soluble cations in mineral soils is lower than at previously studied locations in the western Canadian Arctic. This study can inform permafrost investigations in other parts of the Slave Geological Province, and its data can support scenario simulations of future trajectories of permafrost thaw. Preserved Laurentide basal ice can support new ways of studying processes and phenomena at the base of an ice sheet.

scholarly journals Hydrogen sulfide: stench from the past as a mediator of the future

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmina Zivanovic ◽  
Milos R. Filipovic
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Signalling Molecule ◽  
Actual Mechanism ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

The past decade has witnessed the discovery of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as a new signalling molecule. Its ability to act as a neurotransmitter, regulator of blood pressure, immunomodulator or anti-apoptotic agent, together with its great pharmacological potential, is now well established. Notwithstanding the growing body of evidence showing the biological roles of H2S, the gap between these roles and the actual mechanism(s) behind these processes is getting larger. We propose a way that protein cysteine residues can be modified to form protein persulfides (P-SSH) and explain how this process is controlled in a physiologically relevant fashion. This article provides an overview of H2S signalling in the human body with particular emphasis on the latest discoveries regarding the mechanisms of protein persulfidation and depersulfidation, as well as about the biological reactivity of persulfides and their role in health and disease.

An Eye on Vision: 20 Questions About Vision Screening and Eye Health

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kay Nottingham Chaplin ◽  
Kira Baldonado ◽  
Geoffrey E. Bradford ◽  
Susan Cotter ◽  
Bruce Moore
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
School Nurse ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Vision Screening ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Muscle Imbalance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Growing Body

Current evidence-based and best practice vision screening and eye health approaches, tools, and procedures are the result of revised national guidelines in the past 3 years and advances in research during the last 16 years. To help the busy school nurse with little time to keep up with changes in children’s vision practices and a growing body of literature, the National Center for Children’s Vision and Eye Health at Prevent Blindness is providing answers to 20 questions received most often from the field. Question topics are: (1) arranging the screening environment, (2) occluders to cover the eyes during vision screening, (3) optotype-based screening at distance, (4) optotype-based screening at near, (5) instrument-based screening, (6) muscle imbalance screening, (7) referrals, and (8) vision screening certification.

scholarly journals Study on the Effectiveness of Infiltration Wells to Reduce Excess Surface Run Off In ITB

2018 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 03008
Author(s):  
Afifah Muhsinatu Mardiah ◽  
Cherish Nurul Ainy ◽  
Mohammad Bagus ◽  
Dhemi Harlan
Keyword(s):  
Drainage System ◽  
Service Area ◽  
Permeable Surface ◽  
Precipitation Data ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Design Discharge ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Excess Surface ◽  
New Buildings

Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Ganesha Campus, Indonesia, has an area of 28.86 hectares. The campus is located in Bandung. Starting from 2012, new buildings were constructed within the area, reducing the area of permeable surface significantly. In the past few years, there were several excess run off incidents in the campus. The insufficient area of permeable surface as well as the inadequate capacity of the drainage system contributes to the excess surface run off. The drainage system has only two outlets. Moreover, in some areas, the drainage systems are disconnected. Thus, most the surface run off are stored within the drainage system. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of infiltration wells for reducing the local excess run off in ITB. Precipitation data and drained service area are used to estimate the design discharge from each building in ITB. In order to avoid the excess surface run off of certain locations in ITB, then the infiltration wells are proposed to balance the area of impermeable surface. The effectiveness of the infiltration wells are evaluated by assessing their number to their contribution in reducing the excess surface runs off.

Augmented Reality Research for Architecture and Design

2012 ◽  
pp. 225-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi Jeong Kim ◽  
Xiangyu Wang ◽  
Xingquan Zhu ◽  
Shih-Chung Kang
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
The Past ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Architecture And Design

A growing body of research has shown that Augmented Reality (AR) has the potential to contribute to interaction and visualization for architecture and design. While this emerging technology has only been developed for the past decade, numerous journals and conferences in architecture and design have published articles related to AR. This chapter reviews 44 articles on AR especially related to the architecture and design area that were published from 2005 to 2011. Further, this chapter discusses the representative AR research works in terms of four aspects: AR concept, AR implementation, AR evaluation, and AR industry adoption. The chapter draws conclusions about major findings, research issues, and future research directions through the review results. This chapter will be a basis for future research of AR in architecture and design areas.

Origin and Geomorphology

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Interglacial Period ◽  
Continental Margins ◽  
Before Present ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Geologic Record ◽  
The U.S

Geologically speaking, estuaries are ephemeral features of the coasts. Upon formation, most begin to fill in with sediments and, in the absence of sea level changes, would have life spans of only a few thousand to tens of thousands of years (Emery and Uchupi, 1972; Schubel, 1972; Schubel and Hirschberg, 1978). Estuaries have been part of the geologic record for at least the past 200 million years (My) BP (before present; Williams, 1960; Clauzon, 1973). However, modern estuaries are recent features that only formed over the past 5000 to 6000 years during the stable interglacial period of the middle to late Holocene epoch (0–10,000 y BP), which followed an extensive rise in sea level at the end of the Pleistocene epoch (1.8 My to 10,000 y BP; Nichols and Biggs, 1985). There is general agreement that four major glaciation to interglacial periods occurred during the Pleistocene. It has been suggested that sea level was reduced from a maximum of about 80 m above sea level during the Aftoninan interglacial to 100 m below sea level during the Wisconsin, some 15,000 to 18,000 y BP (figure 2.1; Fairbridge, 1961). This lowest sea level phase is referred to as low stand and is usually determined by uncovering the oldest drowned shorelines along continental margins (Davis, 1985, 1996); conversely, the highest sea level phase is referred to as high stand. It is generally accepted that low-stand depth is between 130 and 150 m below present sea level and that sea level rose at a fairly constant rate until about 6000 to 7000 y BP (Belknap and Kraft, 1977). A sea level rise of approximately 10 mm y−1 during this period resulted in many coastal plains being inundated with water and a displacement of the shoreline. The phenomenon of rising (transgression) and falling (regression) sea level over time is referred to as eustacy (Suess, 1906). When examining a simplified sea level curve, we find that the rate of change during the Holocene is fairly representative of the Gulf of Mexico and much of the U.S. Atlantic coastline (Curray, 1965).

scholarly journals Dexmedetomidine: What’s New for Pediatrics? A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mahmoud ◽  
Egidio Barbi ◽  
Keira P. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Neurocognitive Function ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
The Past ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Alternative Routes

Over the past few years, despite the lack of approved pediatric labelling, dexmedetomidine’s (DEX) use has become more prevalent in pediatric clinical practice as well as in research trials. Its respiratory-sparing effects and bioavailability by various routes are only some of the valued features of DEX. In recent years the potential organ-protective effects of DEX, with the possibility for preserving neurocognitive function, has put it in the forefront of clinical and bench research. This comprehensive review focused on the pediatric literature but presents relevant, supporting adult and animal studies in order to detail the recent growing body of literature around the pharmacology, end-organ effects, organ-protective effects, alternative routes of administration, synergetic effects, and clinical applications, with considerations for the future.

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