Long Term Mental Illness in Canada: An Epidemiological Perspective on Schizophrenia and Affective Disorders

1984 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C. Bland
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Outcome Studies ◽  
National Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
Prevalence Prevalence

Canadian national data on psychiatric illness are combined with results from outcome studies to derive figures for the incidence, expectancy, prevalence, prevalence of marked disability, use of institutions and loss of the work force as a result of schizophrenia and affective psychoses. It is hoped that this can be of assistance in planning services and that it will stimulate more direct research into the nature and the scope of the social, psychiatric and economic impact of these illnesses.

Poverty transitions in severe mental illness: longitudinal analysis of social drift in China, 1994–2015

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yue-Hui Yu ◽  
Wei Luo ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Wei-Hong Kuang ◽  
Larry Davidson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
International Classification Of Disease ◽  
Fast Change ◽  
The Social ◽  
Poverty Transitions ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Persistent Poverty

Abstract Background Although poverty associated with severe mental illness (SMI) has been documented in many studies, little long-term evidence of social drift exists. This study aimed to unravel the poverty transitions among persons with SMI in a fast change community in China. Methods Two mental health surveys, using the International Classification of Disease (ICD-10), were conducted in the same six townships of Xinjin county, Chengdu, China in 1994 and 2015. A total of 308 persons with SMI identified in 1994 were followed up in 2015. The profiles of poverty transitions were identified and regression modelling methods were applied to determine the predictive factors of poverty transitions. Results The poverty rate of persons with SMI increased from 39.9% to 49.4% in 1994 and 2015. A larger proportion of them had fallen into poverty (27.3%) rather than moved out of it (17.8%). Those persons with SMI who had lost work ability, had physical illness and more severe mental disabilities in 1994, as well as those who had experienced negative changes on these factors were more likely to live in persistent poverty or fall into poverty. Higher education level and medical treatment were major protective factors of falling into poverty. Conclusions This study shows long-term evidence on the social drift of persons with SMI during the period of rapid social development in China. Further targeted poverty alleviation interventions should be crucial for improving treatment and mental recovery and alleviating poverty related to SMI.

An Evaluation of Community-Based Psychiatric Care for People with Treated Long-Term Mental Illness

1995 ◽  
Vol 167 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Wilkinson ◽  
Marco Piccinelli ◽  
Ian Falloon ◽  
Haroutyon Krekorian ◽  
Sheila McLees
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Treatment Measures

BackgroundWe evaluated integrated, multidisciplinary, community-based care for a cohort of people with treated long-term mental illness over two years in a field trial set in a semi-rural setting. The aim was to organise local psychiatric services on an extramural basis with general practitioner teams as the key element.MethodTrained research workers used a structured interview to collect standardised baseline and three-monthly socio-demographic, clinical, social, family adjustment and burden, and treatment measures from patients, informants, and key-workers. Analysis included descriptive statistics and, for longitudinal data, analysis of best-fitted straight lines.ResultsWe studied 34 patients (14 with schizophrenia, 11 with major affective disorders, and 9 with minor (non-major) affective disorders and anxiety disorders) who had a mean of 12 years continuous illness. At baseline, they were mainly characterised by research workers as mildly ill with fair social adaptive functioning, and by lay informants as having moderate target symptom severity and disturbance of social performance. Over two years, there were statistically significant, slight improvements in clinical global impressions ratings by research workers, and in informants ratings of target symptoms and social performance. Most patients continued to receive prescriptions for psychotropic drugs throughout follow-up, and they had a mean of 47 therapeutic contacts, mainly from nurses. Two patients were admitted to psychiatric hospital. There were few differences between patients in different diagnostic groups.ConclusionsIntegrated, multidisciplinary, community-based psychiatric care for people with treated long-term mental illness is feasible in a semi-rural setting: patients receiving pharmacotherapy and regular psychosocial treatments remained relatively stable on clinical and social measures over two years. The unique way in which the service was monitored, by making regular, systematic assessments of patients and carers, serves as an example for other services.

Pathways of Specialist Referral of Depressed Patients from General Practice

1974 ◽  
Vol 124 (580) ◽  
pp. 231-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Fahy
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Specialist Referral ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
The Social ◽  
Referral Letters

Of patients with ‘conspicuous psychiatric morbidity’ in British general practice, 5 per cent annually are seen by psychiatrists, roughly equal numbers are referred to non-psychiatric specialists (Shepherd, Cooper, Brown and Kalton, 1966), and cross-referral rates are low (Mezey and Kellett, 1971). The clinical, as opposed to the social, reasons why so few patients are referred to psychiatrists must be inferred from the indirect evidence of epidemiological surveys (Shepherd et al., 1966), studies of patients already referred to an out-patients clinic (Kreitman, Sainsbury, Pearce and Costain, 1965), doctors' referral letters (Mowbray, Blair, Jubb and Clarke, 1961), and surveys of doctors' attitudes (Shepherd et al., 1966; Mezey and Kellett, 1971). Few studies of referral have been prospective (Kaeser and Cooper, 1971) and none has been by interview of patients before referral has taken place. Meanwhile, detailed clinical studies of psychiatric illness continue to focus almost exclusively on patients already in care of psychiatrists. It follows that more knowledge is needed of the clinical factors which lead to specialist referral; otherwise the significance of hospital-based studies for the wider context of psychiatry in general medical practice cannot be properly appreciated. This need is particularly acute with respect to the so-called minor affective disorders which are common in general practice but of which only a minority come to the notice of psychiatrists (Watts, 1966; Taylor and Chave, 1964).

scholarly journals Optimal Innovation Strategies in the Public Sector

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ani Matei ◽  
Carmen Săvulescu ◽  
Corina-Georgiana Antonovici ◽  
Reli Ceche
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Sector Innovation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Innovation Strategies ◽  
Socio Economic Impact ◽  
Complex Forms

For the time being, public sector innovation gains new and complex forms of expression: managerial, institutional, technological or communication. This fact is also due to national and international important bodies’ interest for using innovation as resource and tool for public sector development. Characterised by complexity and adaptation, the innovative processes in the public sector embrace the form of medium and long term innovation strategies, holding high key socio-economic impact on the social utility of public sector innovation. The optimality of innovation strategies becomes a tool for improved decisions in public sector management, providing the methodology for their evaluation related to the objectives of development in the public sector.

scholarly journals Maintenance Electroconvulsive Therapy and hospital re-admission days among patients with mental illness in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedict Francis ◽  
Yit Han Ng ◽  
Julian Joon Ip Wong ◽  
Shiau Thin Ling ◽  
Jesjeet Singh Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Treatment Modality ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
National Data ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Maintenance Ect ◽  
Review Study

Abstract Background : Relapse prevention strategies are important as part of optimal patient care. As such, maintenance electroconvulsive therapy (mECT) is an important treatment modality to keep patients in remission longer. Aims : Our study aimed to explore the characteristics of patients receiving maintenance ECT (mECT) and further investigate whether this treatment modality reduces re-admission days in patients with severe mental illness. Methods : A retrospective chart review study design was employed. The medical records of 22 patients followed up at University Malaya Medical centre, were analysed with regards to the outcome measures, which was days of re-admission post mECT, Potential confounders were controlled for via stratification analysis. Results : There was a significant reduction in re-admission days post mECT (p<0.001, r:0.85 ) across all the variables analysed. The variable with the biggest effect size were patients younger than 60 years old (p:0.01, r:0.70), followed by medication with polypharmacy (p:0.002, r: 0.65). The magnitude of reduction in re-admissions was greater in the schizophrenia spectrum group compared to the affective disorders group (r: 0.64 vs. 0.57). Conclusion : Our study provides national data regarding the efficacy of mECT in significantly reducing days of re-admission in patients with treatment resistant schizophrenia spectrum illness and affective disorders. As widespread usage of mECT is still lacking in Asia, our results is encouraging for more practitioners to prescribe mECT for their patients.

scholarly journals Stigma in Mental Illness: Relative’s Perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
S R Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Past ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family

Introduction: Stigma is an important determinant in mental illness, which determines awareness, symptom recognition and treatment adherence. It is an important factor due to which relatives of patients with psychiatric disorders decide treatment and further evaluation. Materials and Methods: This is cross-sectional retrospective study done at medical college. Valid and standardized rating scales along with socio-demographic profile were used to assess perception, awareness and attitude regarding stigma against mental illness among relatives of patients who have mental illness.Results: Most family members did not perceive themselves as being avoided by others because of their relative’s hospitalization, half reported concealing the hospitalization at least to some degree. Both the characteristics of the mental illness (the stigmatizing mark) and the social characteristics of the family were significantly related to levels of family stigma. Care givers whose relative had experienced an episode of illness within the past 6 months reported greater avoidance by others. Conclusion: Stigma experienced by relatives is pervasive and everlasting. It deeply affects emotional, social and occupational aspects of care giver also which leads to concealment of their patient’s illness, which have long term detrimental situations and non-compliance of medications.J Psychiatric Association of Nepal Vol .3, No.2, 2014, pp: 37-42DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v3i2.12393

A Social Therapy for Long-term Mentally III Inpatients: A Pilot Study

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Rhona Webb ◽  
Julie T. Mangrobang ◽  
Alison Conning ◽  
Martin W. Orrell
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Practical Skills ◽  
The Social ◽  
Living Skills

Long-term inpatients with severe psychiatric illness such as chronic schizophrenia can be very socially disabled. This makes it difficult for them to move on to more independent living because they lack many of the necessary social and practical skills. Social Economy Therapy (SET) is a practical approach which aims to improve social functioning. On a hostel ward, eight long term inpatients with severe and disabling psychiatric disorders started a SET programme. After two months the social and living skills of several patients were improved and a number were discharged to other accommodation.

Mother–infant interaction in post-partum women with schizophrenia and affective disorders

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 991-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. RIORDAN ◽  
L. APPLEBY ◽  
B. FARAGHER
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Parenting Skills

Background. Psychiatric mother and baby units are increasingly asked to assess parenting in people with severe mental illness, particularly schizophrenia, but little research evidence exists on which to base assessments.Method. Mother–infant interaction was assessed in 26 women who had recovered from the acute phase of severe post-partum mental disorder, a validated rating scale based on direct observation was used.Results. Women with schizophrenia showed greater interaction deficits than those with affective disorders, being more remote, insensitive, intrusive and self-absorbed. The 4-month-old infants of women with schizophrenia were more avoidant, and the overall quality of mother–infant interaction in schizophrenia was poorer.Conclusion. The long-term significance of these preliminary findings is not known but they raise concerns about the parenting capacity of women with schizophrenia and suggest the need for an intervention to improve parenting skills in this group.

scholarly journals A qualitative study of adjustment to caring for an older spouse with psychiatric illness

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOANNA MURRAY ◽  
GILL LIVINGSTON
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Community Study ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

An understanding of ways in which older carers' perceptions of their marital relationship and duty to their spouse underlie adjustment to care-giving is required for the development of acceptable and efficacious services for spouse carers. With this aim we conducted qualitative interviews with 20 spouses of older people with a mental illness identified in a representative community study. While carers acknowledged distressing changes in their spouse, a history of reciprocity and intimacy emerged, comprising positive themes and perceived continuity which favourably influenced adjustment to care-giving. Those who still experience closeness in the relationship see themselves as coping and are reluctant to accept formal help. Others describe long-term unhappiness in marriage and experience feelings of entrapment in the role of carer. They require early and comprehensive services. Hypotheses regarding these themes are proposed.

scholarly journals De demes van Attica en Peloponnesische oorlog

1970 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
Amber Brüsewitz
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Political ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face

How did rural communities cope with the devastations of war in the pre-modern world?While the political context of the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC) has received considerableattention, this project seeks to examine the resilience of the rural communities ofAttica in the face of the social and economic impact of the war. Epigraphical evidenceand archaeological remains indicate that the traditional view that the countryside of Atticawas depleted as a direct consequence of the war, needs to be questioned. Applying amultidisciplinary approach, this research project will investigate the long-term resilienceof the countryside communities (demes). Analyzing the historical sources and archaeologicalremains of the period 450-350 BCE, this project aims at tracing the resilience ofthe Attic demes outside of Athens by examining how they found ways to sustain and resettheir community lives.

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