Sociocultural and Institutional Constraints to Family Planning Uptake Among Migrant Female Head Porters in Madina, a Suburb of Accra, Ghana

Affilia ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 088610992095441
Author(s):  
Petronella Munemo ◽  
Alice Boateng ◽  
Mavis Dako-Gyeke
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Institutional Constraints ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Female Head ◽  
The Government ◽  
Institutional Challenges

There are many impediments to family planning uptake by migrant women, which are likely to hinder their right to decide and use contraception. In this study, the authors investigated migrant women’s family planning practices. The researchers conducted 22 qualitative interviews with migrant female head porters in a suburban community in Ghana. Our analysis showed that a combination of social and cultural barriers impede effective family planning uptake by migrant female head porters. Further analysis revealed institutional challenges as constraining in access to and utilization of family planning services by migrant female head porters. Based on our analysis, we conclude that migrant female head porters face many barriers to family planning uptake and thus recommend that the government of Ghana (Ministry of Health), policy makers, and other stakeholders take measures to ensure universal access to sexual reproductive health services and reproductive rights.

scholarly journals Utilisation, Excess Capacity, and Performance of Family Welfare Centres in a District of Punjab

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (4III) ◽  
pp. 1151-1164
Author(s):  
Khaleda Manzoor
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Mobile Service ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Effective Coverage ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Major Mode ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Performance

The Eighth Five-Year Plan has allocated Rs 9.1 billion to the Population Welfare Programme (PWP) which constitutes 0.5 percent of the total plan size of Rs 1700.5 biIlion (in 1992-93). During 1992-93, a total of Rs 828.9 miIlion was allocated to PWP, of which 85 percent was reported to be utilised, which amounts to Rs 702.87 million. Service delivery of family planning is a major focus and component of the PWP. The major service delivery sources include Family Welfare Centres (FWCs) in both the government and NGO sectors, Mobile Service Units (MSUs), Reproductive Health Services (RHS), Village-based Family Planning Workers (VBFPW), Hakeems, and Private Medical Practitioners, etc. All sources of delivery of family planning during the three decades of programme efforts have achieved the maximum extent of effective coverage, estimated to be between 15-20 percent in early 1990s but no more than 5 percent to rural population [Rukanuddin and Hardee Cleveland (1992)]. Besides limited coverage, the low level of accessibility and limited contraceptive availability, particularly to rural populace, have also seriously affected the performance of the PWP. These concerns have been addressed in the Eighth Five-Year Plan, which aims at increasing the urban coverage from 54 percent to 100 percent and the rural coverage from 5 percent to 70 percent. The major mode of service delivery to increase the rural coverage is the ViII age-based Family Planning Worker (VBFPW) scheme that would offer FP services to approximately 12000 villages. This scheme, however, focuses on non-clinical and temporary methods only.

scholarly journals What increase in modern contraceptive use is needed in FP2020 countries to reach 75% demand satisfied by 2030? An assessment using the Accelerated Transition Method and Family Planning Estimation Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Niamh Cahill ◽  
Michelle Weinberger ◽  
Leontine Alkema
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Modern Contraceptive Use ◽  
The One ◽  
Business As Usual

Background: Sustainable Development Goal 3.7 aims to ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health services. One suggested benchmark is to have at least 75% of the demand for contraception satisfied with modern methods (DS) in all countries by 2030. The translation of DS-based targets into targets for the modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR) is needed to make targets actionable. Methods: We propose the Accelerated Transition (AT) method for determining the mCPR needed to reach demand-satisfied targets by 2030. The starting point for this method is the projection of DS under “business as usual” using the one-country implementation of the Family Planning Estimation Model (FPEMcountry). For countries in which the DS target is projected to be later than 2030, the AT method assumes that meeting the DS target by 2030 requires an acceleration of the contraceptive use transition such that the DS target, and its associated mCPR, will be reached in 2030 as opposed to the later year. The DS-target-associated mCPR becomes the mCPR target for the year 2030. Results: We apply the AT method to assess progress needed for attaining the 75% DS target for married or in-union women in the world’s poorest countries. For 50 out of 68 countries, we estimate that accelerations are needed, with required mCPR increases ranging from 4.3 to 50.8 percentage points. Conclusions: The AT method quantifies the acceleration needed – as compared to business as usual projections – for a country to meet a family planning target. The method can be used to determine the mCPR needed to reach demand-satisfied targets.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Reproductive Health Issues in Pakistan

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (4II) ◽  
pp. 675-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naushin Mahmood ◽  
Durr-e- Nayab
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Family Planning Services ◽  
Fertility Reduction ◽  
The Government

Population programmes in many developing countries have emphasised on family planning services driven largely by numbers and demographic targets. With the advent of the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in 1994, it has been recognised to move beyond a narrow focus on family planning to a more comprehensive concern of reproductive health oriented towards meeting the needs of individuals and families. This advocated shift in population and development strategy, especially in health emphasises that services be offered to women, men and adolescents with a special focus on fulfilling women’s health needs, safeguarding their reproductive rights and involving men as equal partners in meeting the goal of responsible parenthood [United Nations (1995)]. In response to ICPD’s mandate, Pakistan’s population programme has increasingly been focussed on various aspects of reproductive health and is in the process of broadening the scope of services for a transition to reproductive health without losing focus on achieving fertility reduction goal. In this regard, the government has adopted a comprehensive population and development policy incorporating an array of reproductive health services and has integrated population and health departments and their activities in dealing with RH problems. Under the consideration that the revised programme can not simultaneously address all of the RH problems, an integrated National Reproductive Health Services Package has been developed to provide services to eligible women, men and adolescents [Pakistan (1999)]. The major components of RH package include:

Principal selection for Qatar’s government schools: Policy makers’, principals’ and teachers’ perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 893-915
Author(s):  
Michael H Romanowski ◽  
Hissa Sadiq ◽  
Abdullah M Abu-Tineh ◽  
Abdou Ndoye ◽  
Mofed Aql
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Instructional Leaders ◽  
Principal Selection ◽  
Effective Principals ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Government ◽  
Teachers Perspectives

Research indicates that principals are critical in school reform since the implementation of policies and practices is to a large extent determined by the role that principals play in educational change. This study examines the principal selection process used in Qatar for the government schools and identifies knowledge and skills necessary for effective principals from the perspectives of policy makers, principals and teachers working in these schools. Qualitative interviews were held with three policy makers, 21 principals and 82 teachers in focus groups. Findings provide insight into the principal selection process and demonstrate that principals should develop their decision-making skills, should advance as instructional leaders and, since government schools are very diverse, principals must be able to manage issues of nationality, culture and equality. Recommendations are offered to improve the principal selection process for principals working in Qatar or other countries in the Gulf Region.

scholarly journals Institutional Challenges In Managing County Government Resources In Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-169
Author(s):  
WILLIAM SAGINI ORIBU
Keyword(s):  
County Government ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
County Governments ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Exchange Programs ◽  
Revenue Collection ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Institutional Challenges

In 2010 the Government of Kenya promulgated a new Constitution, articulating a devolved-system of Government entailing a National Government and County Governments. As a key pillar to the constitution of Kenya, devolution seeks to bring governance closer to the people. Kenyans are therefore looking at the county governments to derive the required change in the country. However, fundamental challenges have continued to dog the Counties including irregular or delayed disbursement of devolved funds from the national Exchequer; low revenue collection levels from local sources; weak and uncoordinated planning and execution among others. This has led to several stalled projects; indebtedness to suppliers; inadequate capacity at the county level to effectively and efficiently perform the devolved functions; inadequate financial resources among others. Although there are opportunities for Foreign Direct Investment and capital inflow; Public-Private Partnerships; Grants; Exchange programs; and wider markets for the local products, that the Counties need to explore and pursue, most of them are not in a position to sustain themselves. The purpose of this paper is to review the Institutional and Legal frameworks as provided by the Constitution of Kenya using the business sustainability model of the seven Ps (i.e. Preparation, People, Processes, Preservation, Place, Product and Production). It is hoped that the paper will form a conceptual framework to inform future county Government’s strategic decisions in order to utilize grants from development partners for the improvement of their citizens welfare. Further the paper will inform policy makers and development partners on fundamental areas that may need to be looked at in order to ensure effective utilization of available resources.

scholarly journals Maximizing the utility of peer support in carceral settings: A few stumbling blocks to consider

2020 ◽  
pp. 147737082091971
Author(s):  
Christian Perrin
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Support Programmes ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Institutional Challenges ◽  
Prosocial Behaviours ◽  
Shared Problem ◽  
Untapped Resource

Emerging research advocates prison-based peer support programmes not only for the recipients of support but also for those providing it. Such programmes are founded on principles such as reciprocity, shared problem-solving and empathy. Accordingly, there have been recent claims that such structures may engender a magnified impact in carceral settings characterized by deprivation and adversity. Specifically, it has been argued that peer supporters garner opportunities to enact prosocial behaviours and consequently energize desistance narratives while serving time. However, as intrigue and optimism around this untapped resource grow, so too does the need to explore any hindrances that might halt progressive developments. This article presents data from qualitative interviews held with incarcerated peer supporters in the UK. Transcripts of the institutional challenges that participants faced when undertaking their roles were thematically analysed, and suggestions for practitioners are offered. The article calls for professionals and policy makers to further explore the redemptive potential of prison-based peer support.

scholarly journals 701To estimate contraceptive prevalence rate and unmet need for family planning in rural Shimla

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anmol Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Contraceptive Prevalence Rate ◽  
Contraceptive Prevalence ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background The utilization of family planning services has improved over the decade, but still the SDG’s health target to ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health care services is yet to be achieved. Methods A cross-sectional study was undertaken in the rural field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India, from July 2018 to June 2019. Total sample size calculated was 410. Random sampling was used to select eligible couple to whom a predesigned, pretested, semi-structured and anonymous interview schedule was administered after taking consent. Results The mean age of the participants was 28.9 ± 5.9 years. The modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR) was found to be 67.7% among women of reproductive age group (15-49 years). Male condom (36%), followed by female sterilisation (30%) were the most common methods preferred. Conclusions Besides male condoms and female sterilisation, other methods of contraception were adopted by meagre number of women. Though, the unmet need for family planning was lesser in this study, still, efforts are needed to plunge it, for ameliorating the contraceptive prevalence rate. Also, the availability of basket of contraceptive choices in government sector need sheer assiduity. Key messages The continuing IEC activity related to family planning methods need to be upsurged, so that the available contraceptives reach the community by and large. The government system of provision of contraceptives may be made accessible and convenient, so that the beneficiaries are inclined to utilise these services.

KEBIJAKAN POLITIK KERUKUNAN ANTARAGAMA DI INDONESIA ERA REFORMASI

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-424
Author(s):  
Jamaluddin Jamaluddin
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
New Order ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Accommodation Space ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Government ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Cultural Reality

Indonesian reformation era begins with the fall of President Suharto. Political transition and democratic transition impact in the religious life. Therefore, understandably, when the politic transition is not yet fully reflects the idealized conditions. In addition to the old paradigm that is still attached to the brain of policy makers, various policies to mirror the complexity of stuttering ruler to answer the challenges of religious life. This challenge cannot be separated from the hegemonic legacy of the past, including the politicization of SARA. Hegemony that took place during the New Order period, adversely affected the subsequent transition period. It seems among other things, with airings various conflicts nuances SARA previously muted, forced repressive. SARA issues arise as a result of the narrowing of the accommodation space of the nation state during the New Order regime. The New Order regime has reduced the definition of nation-states is only part of a group of people loyal to the government to deny the diversity of socio-cultural reality in it. To handle the inheritance, every regime in the reform era responds with a pattern and a different approach. It must be realized, that the post-reform era, Indonesia has had four changes of government. The leaders of every regime in the reform era have a different background and thus also have a vision that is different in treating the problem of racial intolerance, particularly against religious aspect. This treatment causes the accomplishment difference each different regimes of dealing with the diversity of race, religion and class that has become the hallmark of Indonesian society.

Intra-sectoral and Intersectoral Parity Issues in Pricing of Agricultural Crops: A Preliminary Analysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-417
Author(s):  
Sarfraz K. Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Price Determination ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Government ◽  
Distribution Of Income ◽  
Over Time

Intersectoral terms of trade play a cruc1al role in determining the sectoral distribution of income and resource allocation in the developing countries. The significance of intra-sectoral terms of trade for the allocation of resources within the agricultural sector is also widely accepted by research scholars and policy-makers. In the context of planned development, the government specifies production targets for the agricultural sector and for different crops. The intervention of government in the field of price determination has important implications for the achievement of planned targets. In Pakistan, there is a feeling among many groups including farmers and politicians with a rural background that prices of agricultural crops have not kept their parities intact over time and that prices generally do not cover the costs of production. The feeling that production incentives for agriculture have been eroded is especially strong for the period since the early 1970s. It is argued that strong inflationary pressures supported by a policy of withdrawal of government subsidies on agricultural inputs have resulted in rapid increases in the prices paid by agriculturists and that increases in the prices received by farmers were not enough to compensate them for the rising prices of agricultural inputs and consumption goods.

Family-Planning Knowledge and Attitude Surveys in Pakistan (Review Article)

1964 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khurshid Haroon ◽  
Yasmin Azra Jan
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Family Planning Programme ◽  
The Family ◽  
National Family ◽  
National Family Planning ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
The Government

Very little of the intense interest and activity in the field of family planning in Pakistan has come up in the form of publications. Since the formation of the Family Planning Association of Pakistan in 1953 and the initiative of the government in promoting a national family-planning programme in its Second Five-Year Plan, relatively few reports have been printed. Most of what has been written in Pakistan about family planning has either been reported at conferences abroad or published in foreign journals, or submitted as graduate dissertations at universities within the country and abroad1. While numerous papers presented at conferences in Pakistan have been given limited circulation in mimeographed form2, much of the preliminary data, emanating from most of the action-research projects in progress, are held up till substantive demographic changes are measured and approaches evaluated accordingly.

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