Artificial Intelligence in Government: Taking Stock and Moving Forward

2021 ◽  
pp. 089443932110340
Author(s):  
Rony Medaglia ◽  
J. Ramon Gil-Garcia ◽  
Theresa A. Pardo
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Data Governance ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in government is receiving increasing attention from global research and practice communities. This article, introducing a Special Issue on Artificial Intelligence in Government published in the Social Science Computer Review, presents an overview of some of the main policy initiatives across the world in relation to AI in government and discusses the state of the art of existing research. Based on an analysis of current trends in research and practice, we highlight four areas to be the focus of future research on AI in government: governance of AI, trustworthy AI, impact assessment methodologies, and data governance.

scholarly journals A Review on Potentials of Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Forecasting COVID-19 Spreading

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad (Behdad) Jamshidi ◽  
Sobhan Roshani ◽  
Jakub Talla ◽  
Ali Lalbakhsh ◽  
Zdeněk Peroutka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
World Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
The World ◽  
One And Many ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Epidemic Diseases

Abstract COVID-19 is by now one of the deadliest public health issues that as per the last announcement of the World Health Organization up to January 21, 2021, has infected more than 108,904,983 people and claimed more than 2,398,339 lives worldwide. Although different vaccines have proved and distributed one after another, several new mutated viruses have been detected, such as the new COVID-19 variant detected in the UK. Since new variants can spread so faster than the previous one and many other strains may come, it is necessary to focus on the effective methods that are able to predict the spreading trends quickly. Regarding the considerable progress in Artificial Intelligence (AI), utilizing AI-based techniques with a concentration on Deep Learning (DL) and Machine Learning (ML), which can forecast complex trends like epidemiological issues, are proposed to conquer the problems existing in statistical or conventional techniques. In this respect, the present paper reviews the recent peer-reviewed published articles and preprint reports about solutions that could efficiently address COVID-19 spread with a focus on the state-of-the-art and AI-based methods. The results revealed that methods under discussion in this paper have had significant potentials to predict epidemic diseases like COVID-19 as well as its mutations; however, there are still weaknesses and drawbacks that fall in the domain of future research and scientific endeavors.

Introduction: Moral and Market disordering in the time of Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-161
Author(s):  
Michaeline A Crichlow ◽  
Dirk Philipsen
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Relational Approach ◽  
Market Values ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Triadic Relationship ◽  
The U.S

This special issue composed of essays that brainstorm the triadic relationship between Covid-19, Race and the Markets, addresses the fundamentals of a world economic system that embeds market values within social and cultural lifeways. It penetrates deep into the insecurities and inequalities that have endured for several centuries, through liberalism for sure, and compounded ineluctably into these contemporary times. Market fundamentalism is thoroughly complicit with biopolitical sovereignty-its racializing socioeconomic projects, cheapens life given its obsessive focus on high growth, by any means necessary. If such precarity seemed normal even opaque to those privileged enough to reap the largess of capitalism and its political correlates, the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic with its infliction of sickness and death has exposed the social and economic dehiscence undergirding wealth in the U.S. especially, and the world at large. The essays remind us of these fissures, offering ways to unthink this devastating spiral of growth, and embrace an unadulterated care centered system; one that offers a more open and relational approach to life with the planet. Care, then becomes the pursuit of a re-existence without domination, and the general toxicity that has accompanied a regimen of high growth. The contributors to this volume, join the growing global appeal to turn back from this disaster, and rethink how we relate to ourselves, to our neighbors here and abroad, and to the non-humans in order to dwell harmoniously within socionature.

scholarly journals Turbulence and Flow–Sediment Interactions in Open-Channel Flows

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3169
Author(s):  
Roberto Gaudio
Keyword(s):  
Open Channel ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Channel Flows ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Panoramic View ◽  
Open Channel Flows ◽  
River Hydraulics ◽  
The World ◽  
Computing Skills

The main focus of this Special Issue of Water is the state-of-the-art and recent research on turbulence and flow–sediment interactions in open-channel flows. Our knowledge of river hydraulics is becoming deeper and deeper, thanks to both laboratory/field experiments related to the characteristics of turbulence and their link to the erosion, transport, deposition, and local scouring phenomena. Collaboration among engineers, physicists, and other experts is increasing and furnishing new inter/multidisciplinary perspectives to the research in river hydraulics and fluid mechanics. At the same time, the development of both sophisticated laboratory instrumentation and computing skills is giving rise to excellent experimental–numerical comparative studies. Thus, this Special Issue, with ten papers by researchers from many institutions around the world, aims at offering a modern panoramic view on all the above aspects to the vast audience of river researchers.

scholarly journals Organisational and professional challenges amid the evolution of sustainability reporting: a theoretical framework and an agenda for future research

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Lai ◽  
Riccardo Stacchezzini
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Sustainability Reporting ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Professional Capital ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Corporate Reporting ◽  
Professional Challenges ◽  
Reporting Practice

Purpose This paper aims to trace subsequent steps of the sustainability reporting evolution in terms of changes in the organisation fields and professional jurisdictions involved. As such, it highlights the (interrelated) organisational and professional challenges associated with the progressive incorporation of “sustainability” within corporate reporting. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws on Suddaby and Viale’s (2011) theorisation of how professionals reshape organisational fields to highlight how organisational spaces, actors, rules and professional capital evolve alongside the incorporation of sustainability within corporate reporting. Findings The paper shows organisational spaces, actors, rules and professional capital mobilised during the recent evolution of sustainability reporting, starting from a period in which there was no space for sustainability, to more recent periods in which sustainability gained increasing momentum beyond initial niches, and culminating in more integrated forms of sustainability reporting. Research limitations/implications Although the analysis is limited to empirical evidence collected by prior research and practice on sustainability reporting, the paper offers a view to imagine how the incorporation of sustainability within corporate reporting relies on and affects organisational fields and professional jurisdictions. Originality/value The paper offers a lens to interpret corporate and professional challenges associated with the more recent evolutions of sustainability reporting practice and standard setting. It also allows framing the papers accepted in the special issue on “new challenges in sustainability reporting” and concludes by suggesting an agenda for future research.

Alcohol and Humans

2019 ◽  
pp. 196-206
Author(s):  
Kimberley J. Hockings ◽  
Robin I.M. Dunbar
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Humans and alcohol have shared a very long history. In this final chapter, we highlight some of the key findings that emerge from the chapters in this book, in particular the evolutionary history of our adaptation to alcohol consumption and the social role that alcohol consumption plays, and has played, in human societies across the world. This raises a major contradiction in the literature, namely the fact that, despite this long history, the medical profession typically views alcohol as destructive. We draw attention to several avenues that would repay future research and how humans’ relationship with alcohol stands to change and evolve.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Cognitive Sensing in Future IoT: State-of-the-Art, Potentials, and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martins O. Osifeko ◽  
Gerhard P. Hancke ◽  
Adnan M. Abu-Mahfouz
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Internet ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Efficient Data ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Efficient Data Collection

Smart, secure and energy-efficient data collection (DC) processes are key to the realization of the full potentials of future Internet of Things (FIoT)-based systems. Currently, challenges in this domain have motivated research efforts towards providing cognitive solutions for IoT usage. One such solution, termed cognitive sensing (CS) describes the use of smart sensors to intelligently perceive inputs from the environment. Further, CS has been proposed for use in FIoT in order to facilitate smart, secure and energy-efficient data collection processes. In this article, we provide a survey of different Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based techniques used over the last decade to provide cognitive sensing solutions for different FIoT applications. We present some state-of-the-art approaches, potentials, and challenges of AI techniques for the identified solutions. This survey contributes to a better understanding of AI techniques deployed for cognitive sensing in FIoT as well as future research directions in this regard.

scholarly journals Surrogacy around the world

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamima Parvin Lasker
Keyword(s):  
Actual Practice ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Official Discourse ◽  
Current Thinking ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Unbearable Pain

Surrogacy is an encouraging management for many childless couples and can hypothetically resolve many unbearable pain that they are confronted. Initially surrogacy treatment was frowned upon, however, surrogacy is more popularly accepted now a day. Though, surrogacy has not yet recognized by 199 country in the globe. Different country has different regulations on surrogacy. However, “there are some indication of the degree of divergence between official discourse and actual practice of surrogacy throughout world”. There are positive changes in attitude toward surrogacy has been seen in some countries. This special issue of Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics has been organized on surrogacy to see the current thinking of surrogacy around the world and how people come out from the social, religious and political framework.

scholarly journals An Examination of the Empirical Literature: Gifted Education in the Australian Context

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Luburic ◽  
Jennifer L. Jolly
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
North American ◽  
Gifted Education ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Australian Context ◽  
Research Themes

Gifted education as a field of research in Australia is relatively young when compared with its North American counterparts. A reflection of how the field of gifted education has developed from 1983 to 2017 in this context allows for observations of previous research and current trends, and how these may influence future directions for the field. Empirical research published in peer-reviewed journals is one metric that can be used to undertake this reflection, including the individuals responsible for the research, the setting where the research is undertaken, and outlets where resulting findings are published, as well as the research themes that dominate research agendas. Longitudinally, these metrics are part of the narrative that construct Australian gifted education. Reflecting on how the field developed provides an understanding of how research and practice have evolved and what future research and innovations are possible.

Rebuilding trust: sustainability and non-financial reporting and the European Union regulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 701-725
Author(s):  
Matteo La Torre ◽  
Svetlana Sabelfeld ◽  
Marita Blomkvist ◽  
John Dumay
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Accounting Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
The Eu

Purpose This paper introduces the special issue “Rebuilding trust: Sustainability and non-financial reporting, and the European Union regulation”. Inspired by the studies published in the special issue, this study aims to examine the concept of accountability within the context of the European Union (EU) Directive on non-financial disclosure (hereafter the EU Directive) to offer a critique and a novel perspective for future research into mandatory non-financial reporting (NFR) and to advance future practice and policy. Design/methodology/approach The authors review the papers published in this special issue and other contemporary studies on the topic of NFR and the EU Directive. Findings Accountability is a fundamental concept for building trust in the corporate reporting context and emerges as a common topic linking contemporary studies on the EU Directive. While the EU Directive acknowledges the role of accountability in the reporting practice, this study argues that regulation and practice on NFR needs to move away from an accounting-based conception of accountability to promote accountability-based accounting practices (Dillard and Vinnari, 2019). By analysing the links between trust, accountability and accounting and reporting, the authors claim the need to examine and rethink the inscription of interests into non-financial information (NFI) and its materiality. Hence, this study encourages research and practice to broaden mandatory NFR practice over the traditional boundaries of accountability, reporting and formal accounting systems. Research limitations/implications Considering the challenges posed by the COVID-19 crisis, this study calls for further research to investigate the dialogical accountability underpinning NFR in practice to avoid the trap of focusing on accounting changes regardless of accountability. The authors advocate that what is needed is more timely NFI that develops a dialogue between companies, investors, national regulators, the EU and civil society, not more untimely standalone reporting that has most likely lost its relevance and materiality by the time it is issued to users. Originality/value By highlighting accountability issues in the context of mandatory NFR and its linkages with trust, this study lays out a case for moving the focus of research and practice from accounting-based regulations towards accountability-driven accounting change.

National Identity in and around Multinational Corporations

2020 ◽  
pp. 601-617
Author(s):  
Alexei Koveshnikov ◽  
Janne Tienari ◽  
Eero Vaara
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Group Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Changing Roles

This chapter focuses on national identity in and around multinational corporations (MNCs). The authors offer three conceptualizations of national identity and demonstrate how it may be studied in MNCs. First, they argue that organizational actors (re)construct their national identities via references to, and associations with, particular ideologies and worldviews. These are rigid constructions, which are deeply rooted in actors’ place in and fundamental views about the world. Second, national identity is (re)constructed through group-level relations vis-à-vis relevant ‘others’ in the specific organizational context. Such constructions are relatively stable but they are relational in the sense that they are rooted in actors’ identification with their cultural group. Finally, national identities are (re)constructed by organizational actors through mundane everyday relations and interaction. These are fluid and temporary constructions contingent on the immediate interests of those involved and the social dynamics of specific interactions. Based on their conceptualization, the authors outline avenues for future research to understand better the changing roles and implications of national identity in modern organizations.

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