Fast pyrolysis bio-oil from lignocellulosic biomass for the development of bio-based cyanate esters and cross-linked networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1140-1152
Author(s):  
Mehul Barde ◽  
Charles Warren Edmunds ◽  
Nicole Labbé ◽  
Maria Lujan Auad
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Cyanate Ester ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Cyanate Esters ◽  
Bio Oil

Fast pyrolysis of pine wood was carried out to yield a liquid bio-oil mixture that was separated into organic and aqueous phases. The organic phase (ORG-bio-oil) was characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy, 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. It was further used as a raw material for producing a mixture of biphenolic compounds (ORG-biphenol). ORG-bio-oil, ORG-biphenol, and bisphenol-A were reacted with cyanogen bromide to yield cyanate ester monomers. Cyanate esters were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy and were thermally cross-linked to develop thermoset materials. Thermomechanical properties of cross-linked cyanate esters were assessed using dynamic mechanical analysis and compared with those of cross-linked bisphenol-A-based cyanate ester. ORG-biphenol cyanate ester was observed to have a superior glass transition temperature (350–380°C) as compared to bisphenol-A cyanate ester (190–220°C). Cyanate esters derived from bio-oil have the potential to be a sustainable alternative to the bisphenol-A-derived analog.

Characterization of Coconut Shell Activated Carbon Obtained from By-Product of Preparation Process of Bio-Oil with Fast Pyrolysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 156-157 ◽  
pp. 1215-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Ruo Xie ◽  
Zhang Fa Tong ◽  
Li Wen Zheng ◽  
Xiao Guang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Coconut Shell Activated Carbon ◽  
Bed Material ◽  
H3po4 Activation

A new process was investigated which combines both fast pyrolysis carbonization and CS activated carbons with H3PO4 activation (CSAC). ACs were obtained as by-product from the preparation process of bio-oil with fast pyrolysis under different temperatures (T=727–973 K), in which the reaction ended in a very short duration. A two-step process of reaction is proposed to govern carbonization and activation: firstly fast pyrolysis reaction removing disorganized material was associated with considerable weight loss but with low generation of porosity, pyrolysis/carbonization under the flow of N2 is suggested to ensure fluidization of CS powders and bed material, enhance decomposition of raw material, initiates controlled gasification at different temperatures. Then H3PO4 activation process dominated at 573 K, which leads to considerable evolution of porosity. In this research, the adsorption characteristics were determined from N2 adsorption isotherms and subsequent analysised by the BET-and BJH-methods. As a result, the iodine adsorption number of AC was 1310 mg/g and the SSA of AC was 1421.38 m2/g .

scholarly journals Synthesis gas and H2 production by chemical looping reforming using bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of wood as raw material

2021 ◽  
pp. 133376
Author(s):  
Iñaki Adánez-Rubio ◽  
Francisco García-Labiano ◽  
Alberto Abad ◽  
Luis F. de Diego ◽  
Juan Adánez
Keyword(s):  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Looping ◽  
Bio Oil

scholarly journals Photocuring of Epoxidized Cardanol for Biobased Composites with Microfibrillated Cellulose

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 3858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Dalle Vacche ◽  
Alessandra Vitale ◽  
Roberta Bongiovanni
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Side Reaction ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Microfibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Renewable Raw Material

Cardanol is a natural alkylphenolic compound derived from Cashew NutShell Liquid (CNSL), a non-food annually renewable raw material extracted from cashew nutshells. In the quest for sustainable materials, the curing of biobased monomers and prepolymers with environmentally friendly processes attracts increasing interest. Photopolymerization is considered to be a green technology owing to low energy requirements, room temperature operation with high reaction rates, and absence of solvents. In this work, we study the photocuring of a commercially available epoxidized cardanol, and explore its use in combination with microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) for the fabrication of fully biobased composites. Wet MFC mats were prepared by filtration, and then impregnated with the resin. The impregnated mats were then irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light. Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the photocuring of the epoxidized cardanol, and of the composites. The thermomechanical properties of the composites were assessed by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis. We confirmed that fully cured composites could be obtained, although a high photoinitiator concentration was needed, possibly due to a side reaction of the photoinitiator with MFC.

Eliminating porosity via reformulation of a benzoxazine–epoxy resin transfer molding resin

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 1481-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Lo ◽  
Xingyue Zhang ◽  
Travis Williams ◽  
Steven Nutt
Keyword(s):  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Resin Transfer Molding ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Residual Solvent ◽  
Transfer Molding ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Volatile Release

Use of benzoxazine resins in composites is limited by volatile-induced porosity, which degrades the thermomechanical properties of the product. In the present study, we demonstrate how to eliminate cure-induced volatilization and volatile-induced defects in benzoxazine composite laminates, using a chemistry-based approach. Like most resins formulated for high-temperature service, benzoxazine and benzoxazine–epoxy blends generally include solvent additives. Consequently, composite parts produced with such resins exhibit higher levels of cure-induced volatile release, often leading to porosity in the final manufactured part. Here, we develop a method to eliminate porosity by analyzing volatile release and the effects of residual solvent in a pre-commercial benzoxazine–epoxy system designed for liquid molding by resin transfer molding. Utilizing thermogravimetric analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and dynamic mechanical analysis, we correlate the concentration of residual solvent remaining within the final manufactured part with the Tg, degradation temperature, and dynamic modulus. Lastly, a resin synthesis method is demonstrated that eliminates residual solvent in order to produce composite parts with optimal surface finish and thermomechanical properties. The report outlines a methodology for optimizing blended resin chemistry for production of high-quality composite parts.

scholarly journals Liquefaction of Biomass and Upgrading of Bio-Oil: A Review

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiqiu Zhang ◽  
Xue Yang ◽  
Haiqing Zhang ◽  
Chunli Chu ◽  
Kui Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
The Common ◽  
Direct Liquefaction ◽  
Alcohol Ethyl

The liquefaction of biomass is an important technology to converse the biomass into valuable biofuel. The common technologies for liquefaction of biomass are indirect liquefaction and direct liquefaction. The indirect liquefaction refers to the Fischer–Tropsch (F–T) process using the syngas of biomass as the raw material to produce the liquid fuel, including methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and dimethyl ether. The direct liquefaction of biomass refers to the conversion biomass into bio-oil, and the main technologies are hydrolysis fermentation and thermodynamic liquefaction. For thermodynamic liquefaction, it could be divided into fast pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction. In addition, this review provides an overview of the physicochemical properties and common upgrading methods of bio-oil.

Influence of filler hybridization on thermomechanical properties of hemp/silver epoxy composite

2020 ◽  
pp. 096739112097811
Author(s):  
Munjula Siva Kumar ◽  
Santosh Kumar ◽  
Krushna Gouda ◽  
Sumit Bhowmik
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Epoxy Polymer ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Conductive Filler ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Good Crystallinity

The polymer composite material’s thermomechanical properties with fiber as reinforcement material have been widely studied in the last few decades. However, these fiber-based polymer composites exhibit problems such as fiber orientation, delamination, fiber defect along the length and bonding are the matter of serious concern in order to improve the thermomechanical properties and obtain isotropic material behavior. In the present investigation filler-based composite material is developed using natural hemp and high thermal conductive silver nanoparticles (SNP) and combination of dual fillers in neat epoxy polymer to investigate the synergetic influence. Among various organic natural fillers hemp filler depicts good crystallinity characteristics, so selected as a biocompatible filler along with SNP conductive filler. For enhancing their thermal conductivity and mechanical properties, hybridization of hemp filler along with silver nanoparticles are conducted. The composites samples are prepared with three different combinations such as sole SNP, sole hemp and hybrid (SNP and hemp) are prepared to understand their solo and hybrid combination. From results it is examined that, chemical treated hemp filler has to maximized its relative properties and showed, 40% weight % of silver nanoparticles composites have highest thermal conductivity 1.00 W/mK followed with hemp filler 0.55 W/mK and hybrid 0.76 W/mK composites at 7.5% of weight fraction and 47.5% of weight fraction respectively. The highest tensile strength is obtained for SNP composite 32.03 MPa and highest young’s modulus is obtained for hybrid composites. Dynamic mechanical analysis is conducted to find their respective storage modulus and glass transition temperature and that, the recorded maximum for SNP composites with 3.23 GPa and 90°C respectively. Scanning electron microscopy examinations clearly illustrated that formation of thermal conductivity chain is significant with nano and micro fillers incorporation.

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