Wearable sensing devices for upper limbs: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 235 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-130
Author(s):  
Mingjie Dong ◽  
Bin Fang ◽  
Jianfeng Li ◽  
Fuchun Sun ◽  
Huaping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Wearable Sensing ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

Wearable sensing devices, which are smart electronic devices that can be worn on the body as implants or accessories, have attracted much research interest in recent years. They are rapidly advancing in terms of technology, functionality, size, and real-time applications along with the fast development of manufacturing technologies and sensor technologies. By covering some of the most important technologies and algorithms of wearable devices, this paper is intended to provide an overview of upper-limb wearable device research and to explore future research trends. The review of the state-of-the-art of upper-limb wearable technologies involving wearable design, sensor technologies, wearable computing algorithms and wearable applications is presented along with a summary of their advantages and disadvantages. Toward the end of this paper, we highlight areas of future research potential. It is our goal that this review will guide future researchers to develop better wearable sensing devices for upper limbs.

scholarly journals Typical action perception and interpretation without motor simulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Vannuscorps ◽  
Alfonso Caramazza
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Action Perception ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Motor Simulation ◽  
Typical Action ◽  
Biomechanical Constraints

Every day, we interact with people synchronously, immediately understand what they are doing, and easily infer their mental state and the likely outcome of their actions from their kinematics. According to various motor simulation theories of perception, such efficient perceptual processing of others’ actions cannot be achieved by visual analysis of the movements alone but requires a process of motor simulation—an unconscious, covert imitation of the observed movements. According to this hypothesis, individuals incapable of simulating observed movements in their motor system should have difficulty perceiving and interpreting observed actions. Contrary to this prediction, we found across eight sensitive experiments that individuals born with absent or severely shortened upper limbs (upper limb dysplasia), despite some variability, could perceive, anticipate, predict, comprehend, and memorize upper limb actions, which they cannot simulate, as efficiently as typically developed participants. We also found that, like the typically developed participants, the dysplasic participants systematically perceived the position of moving upper limbs slightly ahead of their real position but only when the anticipated position was not biomechanically awkward. Such anticipatory bias and its modulation by implicit knowledge of the body biomechanical constraints were previously considered as indexes of the crucial role of motor simulation in action perception. Our findings undermine this assumption and the theories that place the locus of action perception and comprehension in the motor system and invite a shift in the focus of future research to the question of how the visuo-perceptual system represents and processes observed body movements and actions.

scholarly journals Involvement of Probiotics and Postbiotics in the Immune System Modulation

Biologics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-110
Author(s):  
Neslihan Yeşilyurt ◽  
Birsen Yılmaz ◽  
Duygu Ağagündüz ◽  
Raffaele Capasso
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Immune System Modulation ◽  
Molecular Patterns

Intestinal microbiota interacts with other systems, especially the immune system, which is responsible for protecting the body by recognizing “stranger” (pathogen associated molecular patterns-PAMPs) and “danger” (damage-associated molecular patterns-DAMPs) molecular motifs. In this manner, it plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases and health. Despite the use of probiotics that modulate the intestinal microbiota in providing health benefits and in the treatment of diseases, there are some possible concerns about the possibility of developing adverse effects, especially in people with suppressed immune systems. Since probiotics provide health benefits with bioactive compounds, studies are carried out on the use of products containing non-living probiotic microorganisms (paraprobiotics) and/or their metabolites (postbiotics) instead of probiotic products. It is even reported that these microbial compounds have more immunomodulatory activities than living microorganisms via some possible mechanism and eliminates some disadvantages of probiotics. Considering the increasing use of functional foods in health and disease, further studies are needed with respect to the benefits and advantages of parabiotic and/or postbiotic use in the food and pharmaceutical industry as well as immune system modulation. Although probiotics have been extensive studied for a long time, it seems that postbiotics are promising tools for future research and applications according to the recent literature. This review aimed to evaluate the interaction of probiotics and postbiotics with the immune systems and also their advantages and disadvantages in the area of food-pharmaceutical industry and immune system modulation.

scholarly journals Analisis Postur Kerja Operator dengan Metode Rula di Area Gas Cutting

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Irwan Pegiardi ◽  
Firdanis Setyaning Handika ◽  
Supriyadi Supriyadi
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Research Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sitting Position ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Work Posture ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

The gas cutting area has several jobs that are risky to the operator, such as activities with squatting, bending positions. This study aims to determine the risk of work in the gas cutting area as a basis for improving work posture. The method used is RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) is a research method for investigating disorders of the upper limbs. By measuring the group A score and group B score. Based on the results of the RULA value in the process of operating the machine with a sitting position with a score 3. clearing the cutting plate with a bent position with a score of 5, and the highest score 6 in the grinding plate cutting. To reduce pain in the neck, torso, and arms, operators should not do work postures that cause pain in the body for a long time.

scholarly journals Visualizing the Knowledge Domain of Project Governance: A Scientometric Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Zhai ◽  
Ming Shan ◽  
Amos Darko ◽  
Yun Le
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Project Success ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Knowledge Domains ◽  
Project Governance

Over the past two decades, project governance has attracted increasing attention from researchers and practitioners worldwide and has become an important research area of project management. However, an inclusive quantitative and systematic analysis of the state-of-the-art recently available research in this field is still missing. This study attempts to map the global research on project governance through a state-of-the-art review. A total of 285 bibliographic records were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database and analyzed by the visual analytic tool—CiteSpace. The results indicated that there has been an increasing research interest in project governance. The most productive and the most highly cited author in the area of project governance is Müller R., and most of the existing project governance research achievements are from Australia, China, USA, and Norway. By synthetically analyzing the keywords, future research might focus on governance of megaprojects and project success. Additionally, 9 knowledge domains of project governance were identified, including conceptual framework, public projects, governance structure, governance context, megaproject governance, contractual and relational governance, sustainability, portfolio governance, and project success. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by mapping the existing project governance research. It is particularly helpful to new and early-stage researchers who plan to do research on project governance, as it can provide them an overview of project governance research, including key authors, main institutions, hot topics, and knowledge domains. Moreover, the findings from the study are beneficial to industry practitioners as well, as they can help industry practitioners understand the latest development of governance theory and practice and thereby help them locate the best governance strategies for project management.

scholarly journals A Review of the State of the Art in Non-Contact Sensing for COVID-19

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 5665
Author(s):  
William Taylor ◽  
Qammer H. Abbasi ◽  
Kia Dashtipour ◽  
Shuja Ansari ◽  
Syed Aziz Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Current State ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Contact Sensing

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in a global pandemic recently. With no approved vaccination or treatment, governments around the world have issued guidance to their citizens to remain at home in efforts to control the spread of the disease. The goal of controlling the spread of the virus is to prevent strain on hospitals. In this paper, we focus on how non-invasive methods are being used to detect COVID-19 and assist healthcare workers in caring for COVID-19 patients. Early detection of COVID-19 can allow for early isolation to prevent further spread. This study outlines the advantages and disadvantages and a breakdown of the methods applied in the current state-of-the-art approaches. In addition, the paper highlights some future research directions, which need to be explored further to produce innovative technologies to control this pandemic.

scholarly journals Survey on Main Drive Methods Used in Humanoid Robotic Upper Limbs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yiwei Wang ◽  
Wenyang Li ◽  
Shunta Togo ◽  
Hiroshi Yokoi ◽  
Yinlai Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Drive System ◽  
Robotic Hand ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Grasping Force ◽  
Tendon Drive

Humanoid robotic upper limbs including the robotic hand and robotic arm are widely studied as the important parts of a humanoid robot. A robotic upper limb with light weight and high output can perform more tasks. The drive system is one of the main factors affecting the weight and output of the robotic upper limb, and therefore, the main purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the effects of the different drive methods on the overall structure. In this paper, we first introduce the advantages and disadvantages of the main drive methods such as tendon, gear, link, fluid (hydraulic and pneumatic), belt, chain, and screw drives. The design of the drive system is an essential factor to allow the humanoid robotic upper limb to exhibit the structural features and functions of the human upper limb. Therefore, the specific applications of each drive method on the humanoid robotic limbs are illustrated and briefly analyzed. Meanwhile, we compared the differences in the weight and payload (or grasping force) of the robotic hands and robotic arms with different drive methods. The results showed that the tendon drive system is easier to achieve light weight due to its simple structure, while the gear drive system can achieve a larger torque ratio, which results in a larger output torque. Further, the weight of the actuator accounts for a larger proportion of the total weight, and a reasonable external placement of the actuator is also beneficial to achieve light weight.

scholarly journals Recent Development in X-Ray Imaging Technology: Future and Challenges

Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Ou ◽  
Xue Chen ◽  
Xianning Xu ◽  
Lili Xie ◽  
Xiaofeng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Imaging Performance

X-ray imaging is a low-cost, powerful technology that has been extensively used in medical diagnosis and industrial nondestructive inspection. The ability of X-rays to penetrate through the body presents great advances for noninvasive imaging of its internal structure. In particular, the technological importance of X-ray imaging has led to the rapid development of high-performance X-ray detectors and the associated imaging applications. Here, we present an overview of the recent development of X-ray imaging-related technologies since the discovery of X-rays in the 1890s and discuss the fundamental mechanism of diverse X-ray imaging instruments, as well as their advantages and disadvantages on X-ray imaging performance. We also highlight various applications of advanced X-ray imaging in a diversity of fields. We further discuss future research directions and challenges in developing advanced next-generation materials that are crucial to the fabrication of flexible, low-dose, high-resolution X-ray imaging detectors.

scholarly journals The Effect of a Full Upper-Limb Control System and Its Usage in Stroke Rehabilitation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuan Cha ◽  
Jinying Wang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Longbin Shen ◽  
Zhuoming Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Ownership ◽  
Leap Motion ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Virtual Reality Rehabilitation ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Backgrounds: Transferring behaviors of a human’s upper-limbs to an avatar is widely used in the field of virtual reality rehabilitation. To realize the transfer, movement tracking technology is required. Traditionally, wearable tracking devices are used to do the tracking, however the devices are expensive and cumbersome. Recently, non-wearable upper-limb tracking solutions are proposed, which are cheaper and more comfortable to interact. But most of the existing products cannot track full upper-limbs including both the arms and all the fingers, which limits the motion paradigm and further may lead to limited rehabilitation effect. Methods: In this paper, a novel method was first proposed for full avatar’s upper-limb control which integrates the fine finger motion and the arm wide range motion. Then, based on the method, a Virtual Reality Rehabilitation System (VRRS) was developed for upper-limb rehabilitation. To test the performance of VRRS, two experiments were designed. First, in order to investigate the effect of VRRS on virtual body ownership, agency, location of the body and usability, we compared it with the partial upper-limb tracking method based on Leap Motion controller (LP) in same virtual environments. Then, to study the feasibility of VRRS in rehabilitation, we recruited 16 stroke patients and split them into two groups: the experimental group and the control group. Each group consisted 8 patients, with and without employing VRRS respectively.Results: The control of full avatar’s upper-limbs improved the users’ senses on body ownership, agency and location of the body. The users preferred to use VRRS. In addition, although the upper-limb motor function of patients from both groups were improved, the difference between the FM scores tested on the first day and the last day of the experimental group was more significant than that of the control group. Conclusions: VRRS based on the proposed method for full avatar’s upper-limbs control was developed, which improved the user experience on embodiment and effectively improved the rehabilitation effect for upper-limbs of stroke patients.Trial registration:The study was registered at the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University Identifier: KY-2020-036; Date of registration - June 01, 2020.

scholarly journals A novel upper-limb tracking system in a virtual environment for stroke rehabilitation

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuan Cha ◽  
Jinying Wang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Longbin Shen ◽  
Zhuoming Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Ownership ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Upper Limb Rehabilitation ◽  
Limb Rehabilitation ◽  
Virtual Reality Rehabilitation

Abstract Background The transfer of the behaviors of a human’s upper limbs to an avatar is widely used in the field of virtual reality rehabilitation. To perform the transfer, movement tracking technology is required. Traditionally, wearable tracking devices are used for tracking; however, these devices are expensive and cumbersome. Recently, non-wearable upper-limb tracking solutions have been proposed, which are less expensive and more comfortable. However, most products cannot track the upper limbs, including the arms and all the fingers at the same time, which limits the limb parts for tracking in a virtual environment and may lead to a limited rehabilitation effect. Methods In this paper, a novel virtual reality rehabilitation system (VRRS) was developed for upper-limb rehabilitation. The VRRS could track the motion of both upper limbs, integrate fine finger motion and the range of motion of the entire arm and map the motion to an avatar. To test the performance of VRRS, two experiments were designed. In the first experiment, we investigated the effect of VRRS on virtual body ownership, agency and location of the body and usability in 8 healthy participants by comparing it with a partial upper-limb tracking method based on a Leap Motion controller (LP) in the same virtual environments. In the second experiment, we examined the feasibility of VRRS in upper-limb rehabilitation with 27 stroke patients. Results VRRS improved the users’ senses of body ownership, agency, and location of the body. The users preferred using the VRRS to using the LP. In addition, we found that although the upper limb motor function of patients from all groups was improved, the difference between the FM scores tested on the first day and the last day of the experimental group was more significant than that of the control groups. Conclusions A VRRS with motion tracking of the upper limbs and avatar control including the arms and all the fingers was developed. It resulted in an improved user experience of embodiment and effectively improved the effects of upper limb rehabilitation in stroke patients. Trial registration The study was registered at the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University Identifier: KY-2020–036; Date of registration: June 01, 2020.

scholarly journals Advances and Trends in Real Time Visual Crowd Analysis

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 5073
Author(s):  
Khalil Khan ◽  
Waleed Albattah ◽  
Rehan Ullah Khan ◽  
Ali Mustafa Qamar ◽  
Durre Nayab
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Crowd Analysis ◽  
Crowd Management ◽  
Public Events ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Art Methods

Real time crowd analysis represents an active area of research within the computer vision community in general and scene analysis in particular. Over the last 10 years, various methods for crowd management in real time scenario have received immense attention due to large scale applications in people counting, public events management, disaster management, safety monitoring an so on. Although many sophisticated algorithms have been developed to address the task; crowd management in real time conditions is still a challenging problem being completely solved, particularly in wild and unconstrained conditions. In the proposed paper, we present a detailed review of crowd analysis and management, focusing on state-of-the-art methods for both controlled and unconstrained conditions. The paper illustrates both the advantages and disadvantages of state-of-the-art methods. The methods presented comprise the seminal research works on crowd management, and monitoring and then culminating state-of-the-art methods of the newly introduced deep learning methods. Comparison of the previous methods is presented, with a detailed discussion of the direction for future research work. We believe this review article will contribute to various application domains and will also augment the knowledge of the crowd analysis within the research community.

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