A comparative assessment of performance and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine fuelled with ternary blends of two higher alcohols with lemongrass oil biodiesel and diesel fuel

2021 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2110513
Author(s):  
Kaliappan Seeniappan ◽  
Balaji Venkatesan ◽  
Nithyanandan Navaneetha Krishnan ◽  
Thanigavelmurugan Kandhasamy ◽  
Shanmugam Arunachalam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Ternary Blend ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Ternary Blends ◽  
Binary Blend ◽  
Higher Alcohol ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Lemongrass Oil

Utilisation of high carbon alcohols in diesel engines as fuel is gaining importance among researchers because of its better fuel properties that are compatible with mineral diesel. The present study utilises two such alcohols namely octanol and decanol along with diesel and biodiesel derived from lemongrass. Two ternary blends, 50% by volume of diesel – 30% by volume of biodiesel – 20% by volume of octanol, and 50% by volume of diesel – 30% by volume of biodiesel – 20% by volume of decanol, were prepared, and different engine characteristics were analysed and compared with both neat diesel and biodiesel operation. Results indicated that peak cylinder pressure lowered with the ternary blend. Peak heat release rate was higher for octanol blend. When compared with octanol blend, 2.5% higher brake thermal efficiency was observed for decanol blend. However, still, the brake thermal efficiency was 3.5% lower than the diesel operation. The oxides of nitrogen emission for decanol blend were 4% lower than octanol blend. In general, smoke emission was lower for higher alcohol blends in comparison with the binary blend operation. Among the higher alcohol blends, octanol portrayed a 15% lower smoke opacity. Both the hydrocarbon emission and the carbon monoxide emission increased with higher alcohol blends. The study revealed that 1-decanol could be a potential fuel candidate for diesel engines operating with biomass-derived lemongrass oil biodiesel.

scholarly journals Chitosan/Gelatin/PVA Scaffolds for Beta Pancreatic Cell Culture

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2372
Author(s):  
Yesenia Sánchez-Cardona ◽  
Claudia E. Echeverri-Cuartas ◽  
Marta E. Londoño López ◽  
Natalia Moreno-Castellanos
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ternary Blend ◽  
Ternary Blends ◽  
Binary Blend ◽  
Pancreatic Cell ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Swelling Rate

Chitosan scaffolds based on blending polymers are a common strategy used in tissue engineering. The objective of this study was evaluation the properties of scaffolds based on a ternary blend of chitosan (Chi), gelatin (Ge), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (Chi/Ge/PVA), which were prepared by cycles of freeze-thawing and freeze-drying. It then was used for three-dimensional BRIN-BD11 beta-cells culturing. Weight ratios of Chi/Ge/PVA (1:1:1, 2:2:1, 2:3:1, and 3:2:1) were proposed and porosity, pore size, degradation, swelling rate, compressive strength, and cell viability analyzed. All ternary blend scaffolds structures are highly porous (with a porosity higher than 80%) and interconnected. The pore size distribution varied from 0.6 to 265 μm. Ternary blends scaffolds had controllable degradation rates compared to binary blend scaffolds, and an improved swelling capacity of the samples with increasing chitosan concentration was found. An increase in Young’s modulus and compressive strength was observed with increasing gelatin concentration. The highest compressive strength reached 101.6 Pa. The MTT assay showed that the ternary blends scaffolds P3 and P4 supported cell viability better than the binary blend scaffold. Therefore, these results illustrated that ternary blends scaffolds P3 and P4 could provide a better environment for BRIN-BD11 cell proliferation.

What Are the Barriers Against Brake Thermal Efficiency beyond 55% for HD Diesel Engines?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazumasa Watanabe ◽  
Noboru Uchida ◽  
Kazuhiro Yokogawa ◽  
Fumihiro Kawaharazuka
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency

scholarly journals EFFECT OF COMPRESSION RATIO ON PERFORMANCE OF A HYDROGEN BLENDED CNG-DIESEL DUAL FUEL ENGINE

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sridhara Reddy ◽  
Maheswar Dutta ◽  
K.Vijaya Kumar Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Emission Behavior

Compression ratios of the engine considerably affect the performance and emission behavior of an engine.The paper discusses about effect of compression ratios on the operating parameters such as brake specific fuelconsumption (BSFC), brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and volumetricefficiency on a stationary diesel-CNG dual fuel engine by adding hydrogen fraction as a combustion booster. Theexhaust emission behavior of the engine is also presented. Addition of hydrogen in CNG has given better resultsthan diesel-CNG dual fuel operation of the engine. The volumetric efficiency and emissions like NOx are theparameters which needed attention towards this study. The paper presents experimental results and analyzes them.

Use of Ethanol Based Oxygenates for Smoke Reduction in C.I. Engines

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhananjay B. Zodpe ◽  
Nishikant V. Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Brake Power ◽  
Smoke Density ◽  
Harmful Effects

Diesel Engines have better fuel economy compared to gasoline engines. Society is now aware of various harmful effects of pollution and various researchers are trying to use fuel reformulation method to meet the forthcoming stringent air pollution norms for the diesel engines. This paper presents an experimental investigation on use of three different low price ethanol based oxygenate-diesel blends (oxygenate 4, 8 and 12% in blend) as an oxygen enriched fuel in diesel engine and its effect on brake thermal efficiency, smoke density and emissions of CO, HC, NOx etc is studied. It was observed that there is substantial reduction in the smoke density of exhaust gases and the observed reduction was found proportional to the mass of oxygen present in the blend. Marginal increase in NOx and brake thermal efficiency was observed and there was no significant change in the brake power of the engine.

Effect of Combustion Chamber Geometry on Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Mahua Biodiesel Blends

2014 ◽  
Vol 984-985 ◽  
pp. 900-906
Author(s):  
L. Saravanakumar ◽  
B.R. Ramesh Bapu ◽  
B. Durga Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Standard Configuration ◽  
Mahua Biodiesel ◽  
High Fatty Acids

The present work investigates the effect of change in combustion chamber geometry on performance and emission characteristics of single cylinder diesel engine fuelled with mahua biodiesel. Since plant oil derived from the mahua tree has high fatty acids, it undergoes esterification followed by transesterification process to reduce its viscosity. Experiments were conducted using a blend of 20% biodiesel (B20) 40% biodiesel (B40) with diesel and compared with diesel by using two types of combustion chamber geometry, explicitly hemispherical and modified hemispherical combustion chamber. Performance parameters such as Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and emission parameters like Unburned Hydro Carbon (UBHC), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) were studied from the diesel engine with above mentioned configurations. It is obvious that there is considerable improvement in the performance parameter viz, BTE, BSFC and reduction in UBHC emissions by using the modified geometry piston. However, the NOx emission was found to be higher than that of standard configuration. The results obtained from the blend B20 at modified combustion chamber geometry are on par with diesel and hence mahua biodiesel can be suggested as an alternative fuel for Compression Ignition (C.I) engine with modified combustion chamber geometry.

Optimization of performance and emissions in a biogas–diesel dual fuel engine with cerium oxide nanoparticle addition

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (5) ◽  
pp. 1178-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Feroskhan ◽  
Saleel Ismail ◽  
Siddhesh Gosavi ◽  
Pranil Tankhiwale ◽  
Yasir Khan
Keyword(s):  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Volumetric Efficiency ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Performance And Emissions

This study was carried out on a diesel engine operated in dual fuel mode by introducing biogas in the intake air stream. Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles in varying concentrations were used as diesel additive. Performance and emission tests were carried out to evaluate the effects of five input parameters, namely, CeO2 concentration, torque, biogas flow rate, methane fraction of biogas, and intake temperature. Taguchi’s method was adopted to reduce the number of experimental trials. Signal-to-noise ratio variations were studied and analysis of variance was carried out to obtain the optimum combination of operating parameters and their contributions towards the performance and emission indices. Results showed that low biogas flow rates ensure better thermal and volumetric efficiency and low HC and CO emissions. High biogas flow rates provide significant reduction in diesel consumption and NOx emissions. Increasing the methane content of biogas lowers diesel consumption and emissions of HC and CO. Adding 25 mg/L of CeO2 to diesel improves brake thermal efficiency and lowers all emissions. While manifold heating improves brake thermal efficiency, low intake temperature is preferred from the standpoint of volumetric efficiency and emissions.

scholarly journals A Study on the High Load Operation of a Natural Gas-Diesel Dual-Fuel Engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shouvik Dev ◽  
Hongsheng Guo ◽  
Brian Liko
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
High Load ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Dual Fuel Engines

Diesel fueled compression ignition engines are widely used in power generation and freight transport owing to their high fuel conversion efficiency and ability to operate reliably for long periods of time at high loads. However, such engines generate significant amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter (PM) emissions. One solution to reduce the CO2 and particulate matter emissions of diesel engines while maintaining their efficiency and reliability is natural gas (NG)-diesel dual-fuel combustion. In addition to methane emissions, the temperatures of the diesel injector tip and exhaust gas can also be concerns for dual-fuel engines at medium and high load operating conditions. In this study, a single cylinder NG-diesel dual-fuel research engine is operated at two high load conditions (75% and 100% load). NG fraction and diesel direct injection (DI) timing are two of the simplest control parameters for optimization of diesel engines converted to dual-fuel engines. In addition to studying the combined impact of these parameters on combustion and emissions performance, another unique aspect of this research is the measurement of the diesel injector tip temperature which can predict potential coking issues in dual-fuel engines. Results show that increasing NG fraction and advancing diesel direct injection timing can increase the injector tip temperature. With increasing NG fraction, while the methane emissions increase, the equivalent CO2 emissions (cumulative greenhouse gas effect of CO2 and CH4) of the engine decrease. Increasing NG fraction also improves the brake thermal efficiency of the engine though NOx emissions increase. By optimizing the combustion phasing through control of the DI timing, brake thermal efficiencies of the order of ∼42% can be achieved. At high loads, advanced diesel DI timings typically correspond to the higher maximum cylinder pressure, maximum pressure rise rate, brake thermal efficiency and NOx emissions, and lower soot, CO, and CO2-equivalent emissions.

Influence of retarded injection timing on thermal performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with an optimized pyrolytic blend

2021 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2110339
Author(s):  
Gopinath Soundararajan ◽  
Devan Ponnusamy Kumarasami ◽  
Bibin Chidambaranathan ◽  
Pitchandi Kasi Viswanathan
Keyword(s):  
Complete Removal ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Unburned Hydrocarbon ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Silica Alumina

The enormous rise in plastic waste leads to severe environmental issues and complete removal is a quiet challenge. The entire world focuses on finding new alternate for traditional conventional fuel. The waste low-density polyethylene is chosen as feedstock for the preparation of fuel from thermo-catalytic pyrolysis, considering the silica–alumina catalyst at a reaction temperature of 500 °C. From our previous study, the lower blends of waste low-density polyethylene exhibit a similar performance to diesel. However, brake thermal efficiency and oxides of nitrogen are not encouraging. Further improving combustion behaviour, the present research is carried out at different injection timings. The investigation is carried on standard injection timing of 23°bTDC and three retarded injection timings, namely, 21°bTDC, 19°bTDC and 17°bTDC. Retarded injection timing exhibits higher performance and lower unburned hydrocarbon, oxides of nitrogen and carbon monoxide emissions. However, smoke emission is increased due to the reduced heat release at all the considered test parameters. The result divulges that reduced performance and increased smoke at 17°bTDC due to the lack of burning rate. The combustion behaviour of 20% waste low-density polyethylene by volume at 19°bTDC is similar to that of diesel at 23°bTDC. Hence, the injection timing of 19°bTDC is preferred as an optimized condition for the test fuel 20% waste low-density polyethylene by volume.   

Performance, Combustion and Emission Analysis for Various Combustion Chamber Geometry

2014 ◽  
Vol 984-985 ◽  
pp. 950-956
Author(s):  
S. Arumugam ◽  
N. Vasudevan ◽  
P. Saravanan ◽  
K. Pitchandi
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Toroidal Chamber

The experimental work investigates performance, combustion and emission analysis for various combustion chamber geometry such as combustion, brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, and emission characteristics. The various combustion chamber namely Spherical chamber (SC), Toroidal chamber (TC), Re-entrant chamber (RC) were fitted in a 4.4 kW single cylinder air cooled Compression ignition (CI) engine and tests were conducted with standard diesel. The investigated of the combustion chamber geometry characteristics on combustion, performance and emissions. This investigation shows brake thermal efficiency for Re-entrant chamber and Toroidal chamber is slightly higher than Spherical chamber. And lower specific fuel consumption of Toroidal chamber, Re-entrant chamber than that of Spherical chamber. The enhancement in reduction of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon is recorded for Re-entrant chamber compared to the Toroidal chamber and Spherical chamber. Oxides of nitrogen are reduced for Re-entrant chamber and Toroidal chamber than that of Spherical chamber. Combustion characteristics improved for Re-entrant chamber compared to Spherical chamber. The cylinder pressure for Re-entrant chamber and Toroidal chamber is higher than that of Spherical chamber. Also obtained maximum heat release rate for Re-entrant chamber than Toroidal chamber and Spherical chamber.

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