Impacts of Political Stability on Shadow Economy: Evidence from Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 097226292098838
Author(s):  
Md. Nur Alam Siddik ◽  
Sajal Kabiraj ◽  
Md. Emran Hosen ◽  
Md. Firoze Miah
Keyword(s):  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Business Freedom

The issue of political stability and the shadow economy is the most vital concern for sustainable development. However, the relationship between them is yet to be explored. Particularly, in the context of Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation Countries (BIMSTEC) countries, there are no studies that have examined the influence of political stability on shadow economy. This study fills these gaps. Using panel data from 1998 to 2015, this study empirically investigated whether and how political stability affects shadow economy. Findings indicate that political stability has significant negative effects on the size of shadow economy. We also observed that regulation freedom, fiscal freedom, business freedom, trade freedom, government integrity, government spending and gross domestic product (GDP) growth have significant negative effects, while unemployment has significant positive effects on the shadow economy. Findings of this study imply that governments and policymakers should make efforts to ensure greater political stability in their countries, which will lessen the size of shadow economy that, in turn, will accelerate economic growth. The present study adds to empirical literature of the analogous issue by confirming (or else) the findings of past studies carried out across the world. The findings indicate that there exists a positive association between the extent of political stability and the shadow economy for BIMSTEC countries.

Exploring privacy and trust for employee monitoring

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuchih Ernest Chang ◽  
Anne Yenching Liu ◽  
Sungmin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Employee Monitoring ◽  
Communication Privacy ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate privacy boundaries and explores employees’ reactions in employee monitoring. Design/methodology/approach – The research used the metaphor of boundary turbulence in the Communication Privacy Management (CPM) theory to demonstrate the psychological effect on employees. The model comprised organizational culture, CPM, trust, and employee performance in employee monitoring to further investigated the influence exerted by organizational culture and how employees viewed their trust within the organization when implementing employee monitoring. Variables were measured empirically by administrating questionnaires to full-time employees in organizations that currently practice employee monitoring. Findings – The findings showed that a control-oriented organizational culture raised communication privacy turbulence in CPM. The communication privacy turbulence in CPM mostly had negative effects on trust in employee monitoring policy, but not on trust in employee monitoring members. Both trust in employee monitoring policy and trust in employee monitoring members had positive effects on employee commitment and compliance to employee monitoring. Research limitations/implications – This research applied the CPM theory in workplace privacy to explore the relationship between employees’ privacy and trust. The results provide insights of why employees feel psychological resistance when they are forced to accept the practice of employee monitoring. In addition, this study explored the relationship between CPM and trust, and offer support and verification to prior studies. Practical implications – For practitioners, the findings help organizations to improve the performance of their employees and to design a more effective environment for employee monitoring. Originality/value – A research model was proposed to study the impacts of CPM on employee monitoring, after a broad survey on related researches. The validated model and its corresponding study results can be referenced by organization managers and decision makers to make favorable tactics for achieving their goals of implementing employee monitoring.

scholarly journals Shadow economy and public debt sustainability in Turkey

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (173) ◽  
pp. 85-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yereli Burçin ◽  
Erdem Seçilmiş ◽  
Alparslan Başaran
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Core ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sustainability Of Public Debt ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the shadow economy and public debt in Turkey. We elaborate on the questions regarding the negative effects of shadow economy on the sustainability of public debt observing the estimates about the size of shadow economy in Turkey. In the light of some scholars? estimates, we re-evaluate the macroeconomic situation of Turkey. At the core of the study, we discuss how the government borrowing policies would differ if the shadow economy was included into the legal system. In order to examine the effects of shadow economy on sustainability, we use various sustainability indicators. There is a significant difference observed between the calculations which take into account the volume of shadow economy as a share of economic system and those that exclude shadow economy as an exogenous variable. .

International Market Orientation and International Outcomes

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Escandón-Barbosa ◽  
Miguel Hernandez-Espallardo ◽  
Augusto Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Market Orientation ◽  
International Market ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
International Sales

The literature in the field of internationalization has managed to link other areas of knowledge such as marketing to give an explanation to the establishment of strategies to survive in international markets. In this sense, the concept of international market orientation emerges that manages to explain how businesses design a strategy to improve the satisfaction of customer needs in international contexts. The purpose of this article is finding the factors that influence the relationship between the international market orientation and international results. In turn, the directors of export SME´s should be aware that entering international markets prematurely and achieving a significant percentage by volume of international sales does not necessarily guarantee better international performance. They should search for other types of resources or capabilities that permit better possibilities of obtaining competitive advantage in the long-term, such as the adoption of an international market orientation, which makes it possible to evaluate and analyze the internal and external factors present in a company’s internal dynamics. To achieve this objective is taken as the unit of analysis Colombian exporters companies through a sample of 319 surveys and that are processed in a hierarchical regression analysis. The main findings confirm that adopt a strategy of international orientation relative to other strategies such as innovative and entrepreneurial orientation does have positive effects on the internationalization of companies. However, this strategy has a tendency to saturation and therefore can generate negative effects on the international results.

scholarly journals DOES THE SHADOW ECONOMY AFFECT FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT? CASE STUDY OF POLAND AND POLISH REGIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-39
Author(s):  
Andrzej Buszko
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Correlation Index ◽  
Regional Associations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mimic Approach

The main goal of the research was to identify the relationship between the level of shadow economy and Foreign Direct Investment. The research was carried in Poland and Polish regions during 1990-2020. MIMIC approach was employed to calculate the level of shadow economy as a % of Polish and regional GDP. Pearson correlation index and Kolmogrov-Smirnov test were applied as well. The study proved there is a sound negative correlation (-0,636) between the shadow economy and foreign direct investment in Poland, but regional associations between those two variables demonstrated different results. Unlike in other Polish provinces, in Opolskie and Podkarpackie the correlation index confirmed a positive association between the level of shadow economy and FDI flow.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Tanaman Hias untuk Meningkatkan Fasilitas Terapi Anak

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Michael Isnaeni Djim ◽  
Yolanda Demetrius
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship

In certain circumstances children need to get therapy for supporting their growth and recovering their health. There are at least three types of therapy which are physiotherapy, occupational therapy and speech therapy. The existence of ornamental plants are believed to bring positive effects on therapy for children in condition that the ornamental plants concern positive and negative effects of the therapy activities. This study tried to determine the relationship between the types of therapy activities with the choice of ornamental plants. The result showed that the diversity of colors and scents of different types of plants can improve therapy facilities for children by concerning the therapy characteristics and the compliance with plant characteristics.

scholarly journals Governance and Tax Revenue in Asean Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-88
Author(s):  
Makmun Syadullah
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Tax revenue is influenced by many factors. Existing studies reveal that political stability, level of corruption, quality of the policy, income per capita, share of agriculture to the GDP, and market openness are some of the factors influencing tax revenue. This study aims to analyze the influence of governance by using some indicators, such as political stability, government effectiveness, quality of regulation, law enforcement accountability and control on corruption in tax area through empirical analysis of ASEAN countries. Descriptive analysis and causality methods are employed in this study. causality method is used to determine the relationship between observed variables using panel regression. The results of the study indicate that the controlon corruption, voice and accountability and political stability variables have significant negative effects on the tax ratio, while rule of law and quality of regulatory variables have positive impact on the tax ratio.

Muslim Tourist Religiosity, Perceived Values, Satisfaction, and Loyalty

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-125
Author(s):  
Alexander Preko ◽  
Iddrisu Mohammed ◽  
Leeford Edem Kojo Ameyibor
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Tourist Satisfaction ◽  
Perceived Values ◽  
Muslim Religiosity ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigates the relationships among Muslim tourists' perceived values, satisfaction, loyalty, and the moderating effect of religiosity. These relationships are explored with a sample of 396 Ghanaian Muslim tourists visiting Larabanga Mosque. Structural equation modeling and multigroup analysis were used to explore the relationships and the moderating effect of the studied variables. The results revealed that perceived values of Muslim had positive effects on tourist satisfaction and tourist satisfaction had a positive influence on loyalty. However, quality and social values had negative effects on satisfaction. In addition, the significant moderating effect of Muslim religiosity on the relationship between perceived value and tourist satisfaction was established. The results of the study validate the viability of Islamic tourism practices that would build positive intention to revisit or recommend destinations among potential Muslim tourists for future Islamic tourism market. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are also discussed.

Incivility, satisfaction and turnover intention of tourist hotel chefs

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 2034-2053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsi-Tien Chen ◽  
Chih-Hung Wang
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Workplace Incivility ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Purpose This study examines the relationships among workplace incivility, job satisfaction and turnover intention for tourist hotel chefs. Furthermore, emotional intelligence is taken as the moderating variable on the relationships between workplace incivility and job satisfaction and workplace incivility and turnover intention. Design/methodology/approach Tourist hotel chefs were invited to participate in this study using purposive sampling, and a structured questionnaire was administered to carry out the investigation on tourist hotel chefs. Findings The results show that workplace incivility has negative effects on job satisfaction and casts positive effects on turnover intention through job satisfaction. Emotional intelligence has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between workplace incivility and job satisfaction. Originality/value This study firstly demonstrated the relationships among workplace incivility, job satisfaction and turnover intention for tourist hotel chefs. Furthermore, the moderating effect of emotional intelligence on the relationship between workplace incivility and job satisfaction was also validated.

A Little Good News - Relationships During Early Stages of COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Holmberg ◽  
Kathryn M Bell ◽  
Kim Cadman
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Good News ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Final Time Point ◽  
The Relationship

Media attention has highlighted the Covid-19 pandemic’s negative effects on romantic relationships (e.g., increased partner aggression). The current mixed-method study also explored potential positive effects, and how the relative balance of positive versus negative effects might have changed over time during the first pandemic wave. Individuals (N = 186) who participated in a pre-COVID study were recruited through MTurk to participate in a four-wave longitudinal follow-up, every two weeks from mid-April to late May 2020. Participants completed an 8-item self-report measure assessing perceived negative and positive effects of the pandemic on their romantic relationship. Multi-level models revealed that perceived positive effects were substantially higher than perceived negative effects at each timepoint, even amongst those who reported being more heavily impacted by the pandemic. Both positive and negative effects were stable across time. Open-ended questions at the final time point were coded for common themes. The most common negative theme centered on increased stress or tension in the relationship, while the most common positive theme discussed the importance of focusing on and appreciating the relationship, including taking advantage of the gift of increased time together the pandemic had brought. Amongst all of the pandemic’s bad news, it is refreshing to consider the possibility of pandemic-related benefits for people’s romantic relationships.

Positive Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1755-1761
Author(s):  
Rashi Parashar
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Precautionary Measure ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

Under the agony of this recent pandemic going on, in the world due to Covid-19; there has been loss of millions of human lives along with huge economical shock and great recession through out the globe. Environmental degradation has been one of the biggest threats of this century. In spite of all the steps taken by environmentalists and government for the healing of environment in past few years, we couldn’t reach upto the mark. But during the lockdown, which was forced as a precautionary measure for Covid-19 pandemic, environment has successfully recovered to a large extent which was otherwise not possible. This has definitely brought a positive change in climate globally. This review article deals with various such positive impacts of lockdown on ecosystem. Covid-19 outbreak has restricted the social freedom of people globally. It has caused both positive and negative effects on environment. Reduction in greenhouse gas emission because of reduced transport facilities and industrial and other activities were some of positive effects of lockdown while negative effects on mental health of people and increased medical waste during the lockdown were some of the negative effects of lockdown. In this study, the relationship between Covid-19 outbreak and effects on environment was discussed in worldwide sense and a detailed review was conducted that could be used for further planning of researches on the same subject.

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