scholarly journals Neuropsychological Impairments in Young Patients With Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Case Control Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 097275312199017
Author(s):  
Pramila Kalra ◽  
D. R. Kumaraswamy ◽  
Mala Dharmalingam ◽  
Jitender Saini ◽  
Ravi Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Category Fluency ◽  
Neuropsychological Impairments ◽  
Control Study

Background: There is a lack of clarity about the cognitive dysfunction in young patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). This study was done to explore the neuropsychological impairments in young patients with SCH and compare them with euthyroid controls. Methods: Patients between 18 and 45 years of age and diagnosed with SCH were recruited. Controls were euthyroid age, gender, and education matched. All the cases and controls underwent a detailed neuropsychological assessment with a battery of tests validated for use in the age groups of 18 to 65 years. Results: Thirty-nine patients with a mean age of 30.3 ± 7.7 years (female:male ratio 12:1) and 23 controls (female:male ratio 21:2) with a mean age of 33.4 ± 7.1 years ( P = .24) were included in the study. The mean TSH value was 6.36 ± 1.3 mIU/L and 2.49 ± 1.03 mIU/L in cases and controls, respectively ( P < .001). The visual memory delayed recall was impaired, in 48.71% ( n = 19) and 21.7% ( n = 5) cases and controls, respectively ( P = .03). The category fluency test showed impairment in a greater number of cases (35.9%, n = 14) as compared to controls (13%, n = 3; P = .04). Conclusion: This study shows that younger patients with SCH have delayed visual memory recall and category fluency deficits, which are suggestive of dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex and temporal lobe in young SCH patients. These impairments may justify the treatment of young SCH patients with replacement therapy.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Early-Onset Esophageal Cancer in Tanzania: A Case-Control Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 29s-29s
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Buckle ◽  
Elia J. Mmbaga ◽  
Alan Paciorek ◽  
Larry Akoko ◽  
Katrina Deardorff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Abstract 89 Purpose Previous studies have characterized geographic clusters of esophageal cancer (EC) in East Africa. Many of the epidemiologic features of EC in this context are shared globally with other clusters, including high rates, male predominance, and squamous cell histology. A unique feature in East Africa is the high proportion of young patients, with a recent case series reporting up to 24% of patients age < 45 years. The aim of the current study was to assess factors that are associated with early-onset EC in Tanzania (TZ). Methods We performed a secondary analysis of a previous case-control study. Patients with newly diagnosed EC were recruited at Muhimbili National Hospital and Ocean Road Cancer Institute in 2014 to 2016. Hospital controls were identified from patients with nonmalignant conditions and matched 1:1 for gender and age ± 10 years. Risk factors were assessed through interviews. Logistic regression was used to estimate age-specific odds ratios (ORs) of EC for exposures across age groups (30 to 44 years, 45 to 59 years, and ≥ 60 years) and for interactions with age. Results A total of 473 cases and 473 controls were enrolled. Median ages were 59 years (range, 30 to 91 years) for cases and 55 years (range, 31 to 88 years) for controls. Among cases, 102 patients (22%) were age 30 to 44 years, 144 patients (30%) were age 45 to 59 years, and 227 patients (48%) were age ≥ 60 years. High household income was protective for those age 30 to 44 years (OR, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.69) and 45 to 59 years (OR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.45), but not for those age ≥ 60 years (effect modification P = .047). Family history of EC was associated with a higher risk of EC among those age 45 to 59 years (OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.02 to 14.47) and age ≥ 60 years (OR, 6.63; 95% CI, 1.50 to 29.37), with no effect among those age 30 to 44 years (effect modification P = .019). Second-hand smoke and infrequent teeth cleaning were also associated with early-onset EC, but did not differ significantly across age groups. Additional factors associated with EC risk across all ages were firewood use (cooking), kerosene use (lighting), work on a maize farm, and in-home grain and nut storage. Protective factors were the regular use of medication, surrogates of high socioeconomic status (TV, radio, refrigerator, indoor toilet, and electricity), and charcoal or gas cooking. Conclusion Multiple exposures were identified as risk factors for early-onset EC in TZ. In age-stratified analyses, household income, second-hand smoke, and poor dental hygiene emerged as possible risk factors, whereas family history of EC had strong associations among the older but not the young age group. Our results suggest that environmental factors may underlie the high incidence of young patients with EC in TZ. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST No COIs from the authors.

scholarly journals MON-180 Risk for Hypercoagulability Among Patients with Cushing Syndrome. From the National Inpatient Sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Ahmed ◽  
Ashraf Abugroun ◽  
Manar Elhassan ◽  
Berhane Seyoum ◽  
Wael Taha
Keyword(s):  
Cushing Syndrome ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Hypercoagulable State ◽  
National Database ◽  
Control Group ◽  
National Inpatient Sample ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: Patients with Cushing syndrome are at higher risk for hypercoagulability due to elevated levels of pro-coagulants and impaired fibrinolysis. Objective: We aimed to examine the association of Cushing syndrome and hypercoagulability using a large national database. Methods: The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) was queried for all patients diagnosed with Cushing syndrome during the year 2011-2015. Patients with Cushing syndrome were identified using the international classification of diseases (ICD-9) code “2550”. The control group was randomly selected from the same database in a 4:1 ratio matched by age and gender. Hypercoagulable state was defined by presence of either ICD-9 codes “28981 or 28982” for primary and secondary hypercoagulable state as well as personal history of venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism identifed with ICD-9 codes “V1251 and V1255” respectively. Patients who were diagnosed with autoimmune diseases, solid tumors, metastatic cancer, as well as those who were bed-bound were excluded. Multivariable logistic regression with adjustment for patient’s demographics, socioeconomic factors, comorbidities and hospital factors was used to obtain Cushing syndrome related risk for hypercoagulability. Subgroup analysis was performed based on gender, race and age groups; young adults (aged 18-35 years), middle-aged (&gt; 35-&lt;55 years) and older adults (aged &gt; 55 years). Results: A total of 43,157 patients diagnosed with Cushing syndrome were identified. The mean age was 53.9 years (standard error of the mean 0.1). Majority of patients were females (75.2%) and of Caucasian race (74.6%). The prevalence of hypercoagulability was markedly higher among patients with Cushing syndrome 10 % vs 4%, p &lt;0.001. On multivariable analysis, presence of Cushing syndrome correlated with significanlty higher risk for hypercoagulability with adjusted odd ratio (a OR) 2.20 [95%CI: 1.98-2.44] p &lt;0.001. The risk for hypercoagulability was highest among young patients (age ≤ 35) with a OR 6.02 [95%CI: 4.06-8.94] p&lt;0.001 and among Hispanics with a OR 3.66 [95%CI: 2.38-5.64] p&lt;0.001. No significant gender difference on risk for hypercoagulability. Conclusion: Patients with Cushing syndrome are at higher risk for hypercoagulability. This risk is markedly higher among young patients and among Hispanics. Particular attention for early detection and prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with Cushing Syndrome is advisable.

scholarly journals Frequency of subclinical hypothyroidism and mean serum TSH level in first trimester of pregnancy.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1763-1767
Author(s):  
Fouzia Perveen ◽  
Lubna Ali ◽  
Afshan Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Level Data ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Serum Tsh

Objective: To find out the frequency of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in our pregnant population during 1st Trimester and the mean TSH level in first trimester of pregnancy. Study Design: Cross Sectional Descriptive study. Setting: Dow University Hospital and Dr Ruth KM Pfau CHK. Period: June 2015 to May 2016. Material & Methods: All Pregnant women with <14 weeks gestation were screened for Serum TSH level. Data were recorded after informed consent and institutional ethical approval. Variables recorded were age, parity, gestational age and serum TSH level. Data were analyzed on SPSS version 16. Mean and SD were calculated for quantitative variables ie. Age, parity, gestational age, serum TSH level and serum free T4 level. Mean TSH level according to age group, parity and gestational age groups were determined by applying ANOVA test. Correlation of Serum TSH level with the maternal age, parity and gestational age groups were also assessed by Pearson Correlation test. Significant P-value was taken as <0.05. Results: The frequency of SCH found was 19.35% by taking cut off limit of <2.5 IU/L and 3.55% by taking cut off limit of <4.5 IU/L among total of 310 pregnant women. Mean TSH level was 1.84±1.36 IU/L. The mean maternal age was 27.22 ± 4.43 yrs. while median parity was 1. Mean gestational age of these patients were 9.41 ± 2.748 weeks and out of these 160 (51.61%) were between 4-9 weeks and 150(48.38%) between 10-14 weeks. Majority (74%) of these women belonged to lower middle socioeconomic class. Mean TSH level coorelation between different age groups, parity groups and gestational age groups were found to be insignificant. Conclusion: The prevalence of SCH is not so high and mean TSH level in our population was 1.84 IU/L. But to establish reference range for Pakistani population, further studies in population of different backgrounds and geographical distribution needs to be evaluated.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) antibody and the possible association with chronic liver disease: a case-control study in Albania

2005 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. KONDILI ◽  
P. CHIONNE ◽  
A. PORCARO ◽  
E. MADONNA ◽  
S. TAFFON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
The Mean ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYA case-control study involving 109 in-patients with chronic liver disease and 190 in-patients with no apparent liver disease was conducted to evaluate the seroprevalence of anti-HEV antibodies and the possible association with chronic liver disease. Among cases, the anti-HEV prevalence was 36·6% which increased significantly by age; among controls, the prevalence was 12·1% (P<0·05) and was similar among age groups <60 years. Among cases, aged >50 years (OR 4·0, 95% CI 1·4–11) and the presence of end stage liver disease (ESLD) (OR 4·3, 95% CI 1·4–12·8) were associated independently with anti-HEV positivity. The mean optical density, determined by anti-HEV immunoenzymatic test, was significantly higher among patients with ESLD, compared to the other patients. These results indicate that there is a high seroprevalence of anti-HEV in patients with chronic liver disease and a possible association between HEV infection and/or anti-HEV production and advanced stage chronic liver disease.

scholarly journals Endoscopic Findings of Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease in Elderly and Younger Age Groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haydar Adanir ◽  
Bilge Baş ◽  
Betul Pakoz ◽  
Süleyman Günay ◽  
Hakan Camyar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reflux Disease ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Esophageal Reflux ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Endoscopic Findings ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Mean

Objective: To determine and compare the clinical features and endoscopic findings of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) in elderly and younger age groups.Materials and Methods: The clinical and endoscopic features were evaluated for all patients with GERD between January 2017 and September 2020. The criteria for inclusion were being aged over 65 and under 50 years and having an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with reflux symptoms resistant to ppi theraphy. The exclusion criteria included prior surgery, age under 18 years, and pregnancy. The diagnosis of GERD was made according to the patients' symptoms. The SPSS 11.0 for Windows pocket program was used for statistical analysis.Results: Two hundred eighty-six patients aged over 65 years and 261 patients aged below 50 years were enrolled in this study. The mean age of the older group was 68.2 ± 4.5 years and the mean age of the young group was 38 ± 7.2 years. The male/female ratio was 5/3 and 2/1 in the young and older groups, respectively. The older patients had less severe and rare typical symptoms than the young patients. However, significantly more serious endoscopic findings were noted in the older patients compared with the younger patients.Conclusion: The older and young patients with GERD were predominantly male and typical reflux problems were less common in older patients with GERD. Older patients had more important endoscopic findings such as hernia, esophagitis, and cancer.

scholarly journals Mandibular Fractures: A Comparative Analysis between Different Age Groups of Patients Seen at Kantipur Dental College Teaching Hospital and Research Center

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Mandibular Fractures ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
The Mean

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the differences between mandibular fractures in different age group of patients. Material and Methods: Patients treated at the Oral and Maxillofacial Department of Kantipur dental college teaching hospital and research center during a two-year period between 2013 and 2015 were retrospectively evaluated with respect to age groups, gender, etiology, localization and type of fractures, treatment methods and complications. Results: 532 patients were included in the study, 370 (70%) males and 162 (30%) females, with a total of 744 mandibular fractures. The mean age of young patients was 10, with a male-female ratio of 2:1. The mean age of adult patients was 28, with a male-female ratio of 3:1. The most common causes of injury were falls (65%) in young patients and traffic accidents (38%) in adults. The most common fracture sites were the symphysis (35%) and condyle (36%) in young patients, and the symphysis in adults (36%). Mandibular fractures were generally treated by arch bar and intermaxillary fixation in both young (67%) and adult (39%) patients, and 43% of the adult patients were treated by open reduction and internal fixation. Conclusion: There was a similar gender, monthly and type of treatment distribution in both young and adult patients in the hospital. However, there were differences regarding age, etiology and fracture site. These findings between young and adult patients are broadly similar to those from other studies. Analysis of small differences may be an important factor in assessing educational and socioeconomic environments.

scholarly journals Hypothyroidism prevalence in pregnant women according to age groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-424
Author(s):  
Buğra Çoşkun ◽  
Bora Çoşkun ◽  
Özge Şehirli Kıncı ◽  
Coşkun Şimşir ◽  
Ramazan Erda Pay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time ◽  
Tsh Levels ◽  
Objective Investigation

Objective:  Investigation of the thyroid function test (fT3, fT4 and TSH) results and the prevalence of overt/subclinical hypothyroidism according to age groups in patients who had applied to our hospital and diagnosed with pregnancy. Material and Methods: Two thousand nine hundred and thirty-six women diagnosed with pregnancy for the first time upon seeing the fetal heartbeats with ultrasonography between January 2015 and December 2018, were included in our study. Patients were divided into 5 age groups, namely, the age groups of ≤18 years of age, 19-25 years, 26-35 years, 36-45 years and >45 years of age. The fT3, fT4 and TSH levels were statistically compared between all the patients and age groups. Results: Two thousand nine hundred and thirty-six pregnant women were included in the study. The mean fT3 value was found as 3.180±0.519 (pg/mL), fT4 value as 1.051±0.258 (ng/d/L) and TSH value was found as 2.000±1.595 (mIU/mL) in all the population. The mean fT3, fT4 and TSH values were not statically different among the age groups (p=0.06, p=0.08 and p=0.829, respectively). No statistically significant differences were found among all the age groups as regards hyperthyroidism, euthyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism and overt hypothyroidism (p=0.200). Conclusion: Consistently with the previous studies in our country, the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was found as high as 22.7% in our study. We think that scanning for hypothyroidism must be performed in the pregnancy period without discriminating between risk groups in our country, which is located in the iodine deficiency region. However, considering the different age groups, we believe that TSH levels must be measured with the same apprehensiveness for each age group since no statistically significant differences are found between age groups.

scholarly journals Hematological Parameters in Adult Patients with COVID-19; A Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawer Sabri Ahmed ◽  
Dilveen Ahmed Mohammed ◽  
Ayad Ahmad Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Aged Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Symptoms And Signs ◽  
Control Study

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a serious public health concern worldwide. The virus mainly causes respiratory symptoms, but its manifestations might be different. Assessments showed that COVID-19 can cause various alterations in the blood parameters. Objectives: This study aimed to detect the most common changes in the blood parameters in COVID-19 patients and compare them with healthy individuals. Methods: In this study, 350 individuals were grouped into two equal groups of COVID‐19 patients and healthy controls. Results: The mean age of patients was 53.73 years, and males constituted 52.57% of them. Middle aged patients constituted about 55.43% of participants, elderly patients 26.29%, and young patients 18.29%. There was a significant correlation between COVID-19 and all the blood parameters, including Hb, MCV, WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and platelets (P = 0.000). Conclusions: Infection with COVID-19 is associated with multisystem symptoms and signs, as well as numerous laboratory abnormalities. An increased focus should be on changes in the blood parameters as valuable markers in suggesting the infection when the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is negative. These parameters can give clues about the severity of the infection and predict the admission to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Rorschach Characteristics in Adolescents with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Santoantonio ◽  
L. Yazigi ◽  
E. I. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Control Study

The purpose of this study was to investigate the personality characteristics in adolescents with SLE. The research design is a case-control study by means of the Rorschach Method and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale. Study group: 30 female adolescents with lupus, 12–17 years of age. The SLE Disease Activity Index was administered during the period of psychological evaluation. Control group: 32 nonpatient adolescents were matched for age, sex, and socioeconomic level. In the Wechsler Intelligence Scale the mean IQ of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (77 and 98, respectively, p < .001). In the Rorschach, the lupus patients showed greater difficulty in interpersonal interactions, although they displayed the resources to process affect and to cope with stressful situations. A positive moderate correlation (p = .069) between the activity index of the disease and the affect constriction proportion of the Rorschach was observed: the higher the SLEDAI score, the lower the capacity to process affect. There is a negative correlation between the activity index of the disease and the IQ (p = .001): with a higher activity index of the disease, less intellectual resources are available.

Projected future risk of leukemia and brain tumors from unnecessary brain CT scans: a multi-center study in Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Asgari ◽  
A.A. Parach ◽  
F. Bouzarjomehri ◽  
F. Shirani-Takabi ◽  
A.H. Mehrparvar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Brain Ct ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Multi Center Study ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Probability Of Cancer

Introduction: Computer Tomography (CT) scans can deliver a relatively high radiation dose to the patient, therefore radiation protection for this modality is paramount. The present study determined the frequency of no abnormality detected (NAD) brain CT scans and probability of cancer induction in different age groups and genders. Methods: In this study, brain CT reports were used to identify any findings as abnormality detected (AD) and others as NAD. Then probability of future leukemia and brain cancer was estimated for different age and gender groups. Results: On average, in 65% of the cases the results were NAD (56% and 76% among males and females, respectively). Among children, 79% of the reports were NAD. The total number of projected brain cancers was 1.8 and 1.3 for males and females, respectively. The number of projected leukemia cases was 0.75 and 0.7 for males and females, respectively. For pediatric patients, brain CT scans can lead to leukemia cases about 4.5 times more often than adults. Conclusion: Brain CT scans can lead to additional cases of brain cancer and leukemia. A significant fraction of brain CTs were NAD (non-pathologic) and could practically be replaced by other radiation-free imaging modalities, especially in pediatric and young patients.

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