Globalization and the Changing Geography of Social Life in Rural Kerala

2021 ◽  
pp. 097317412110578
Author(s):  
Mijo Luke
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Upward Mobility ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Transnational Migration ◽  
Spatial Mobility ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Village

This article contributes to the study of globalization and social change in rural Kerala by examining the historical trajectories of educational, occupational and spatial mobility among three communities—Syrian Christians, Ezhavas and Pulayas—in the village of Kavakad, Kerala. It addresses the involvement of each community in transnational migration and related mobilities away from the village. The article is based on quantitative data collected through an intergenerational family survey and semi-structured interviews conducted in Kavakad. The research reveals that while the dominant Syrian Christian community gained most from transnational migration, all three communities benefited from forms of upward mobility. However, our findings also confirm that, despite various forms of mobility, longstanding social inequalities between Syrian Christians, Ezhavas and Pulayas in the village persist. The article highlights the ways in which spatial mobility is a key factor in shaping the relative social mobility of each community. As such, it contributes to our understanding of the reproduction of inequality in contemporary Kerala and, in particular, of the ways in which historically accumulated resources and community networks enabled Syrian Christians to turn transnational migration into lasting forms of upward mobility. It also suggests a need for alternative development interventions at the local level to support the spatial mobility of marginalized rural communities.

scholarly journals Tourism Industry Impacts On Spatial Inequality In The Dead Sea Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Raed Al Tal ◽  
Tala Mukheimer ◽  
Rawan Theodory ◽  
Zaid Zwayyed ◽  
Nadia Almehdaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Spatial Inequality ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

This research examines the impact of the tourism industry on spatial inequality in the Dead Sea region in terms of income, employment and changes in urban forms. The research assumes that this inequality results from the Dead Sea Development Zone (DSDZ) creation and focuses on the local level of urban analysis with the case study of a small Jordanian village Sweimeh, Quantitative data is used in this study for exploring these changes, uncovering persistent and obvious patterns of land use and exhibiting perspectives for the landscape, while satellite images offer extensive advantages over verified maps. The qualitative analysis combines field observations, a structured questionnaire survey with 270 randomly selected households and semi-structured interviews with 30 purposively selected participants. The results of the research showed that the DSDZ creates spatial inequality between the hotel touristic district and the village due to the high level of place-based development differences associated with urban characteristics, such as infrastructure and services provision. The results revealed that there has been a notable increase in population and area of Sweimeh as well as the locals' income. The population doubled from 2054 in 1994 to 4448 in 2019, the area has increased from 0.15 km2 to 4.40 km2, and the share of jobs in the tourism sector and businesses in the village jumped from 10% to 50% in the same period. This study is important since urbanization and spatial management programs received little attention in the DSDZ development agendas. At the academic level, the findings of this research help to establish an assessment tool for testing the socio-economic impact of tourism development on disadvantaged local communities

scholarly journals Understanding the Complexity of Water Supply System Governance: A Proposal for a Methodological Framework

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 2870
Author(s):  
Fernando Gumeta-Gómez ◽  
Andrea Sáenz-Arroyo ◽  
Gustavo Hinojosa-Arango ◽  
Claudia Monzón-Alvarado ◽  
Maria Azahara Mesa-Jurado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Linear Alignment

The question of how the complexity of water governance may be understood beyond a heuristic concept remains unanswered. In this paper, we propose a Water Governance Complexity Framework to address the complexity of water governance. Through a literature review, rapid surveys, and 79 semi-structured interviews, we propose how this framework may be operationalized using different proxies and by applying it to the case of the water supply system for domestic use in Oaxaca, Mexico. In places such as the rural communities of Oaxaca, where the state plays a partially absent role in the water supply, we found legal pluralism and diverse formal and informal stakeholders in a multi-level structure. At the local level, four modes of governance were identified, resulting from seven institutional change trajectories. These trajectories result from linear (alignment) and non-linear (resistance and adaptation) interactions between local, state, and national institutions over different periods. We provide a pragmatic framework to understand complexity through the organization and historical configurations of water governance that may be applied globally, providing a necessary starting point and solid foundation for the creation of new water policies and law reforms or transitions to the polycentric governance model to ensure the human right to water and sanitation.

scholarly journals ASPIRASI REFORMASI HUKUM DAN PENEGAKAN HUKUM PROGRESIF MELALUI MEDIA HAKIM PERDAMAIAN DESA

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tedi Sudrajat
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Legal Reform ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Village

Strategies of law enforcement are functioned to reduce the social conflicts that represent the aspiration of legal reform at local level, which the output is to support the government of Indonesia in establishing the accommodative legal system. In Indonesian social life, the values ought to be explored through the village as the lowest governmental organizations and the closest area with the society. These functions can create the village as a strategic area to create the justice at local level, and therefore the role of village judge required the village as a place that can accommodate the interests of the society. Keywords: law enforcement, law reform, village judge 

scholarly journals Strategi optimalisasi program dana desa melalui pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam perspektif ekonomi Islam

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-142
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mujtaba Mitra Zuana ◽  
Muawanah ◽  
Dian Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Initial Data ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Important Position ◽  
The Village

The village fund provides a very important position for the village to carry out development and community empowerment programs. These include programs for the welfare of the community. Village funds have an important role in improving the economy of rural communities, with effective and efficient use and allocation. This study uses field research with descriptive research methods, the methods used in this study are: observation, structured interviews, and documentation. After the researchers have collected data, the next step is to do the data analysis. The analysis conducted by researchers uses two ways, namely processing the initial data and classifying it and then the next stage of the data will be analyzed. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that the management of village funds in the village of Kemiri has been running in accordance with existing technical guidelines, so that the development in the village of Kemiri from the existence of village funds has brought considerable changes starting from improving infrastructure facilities, educational advice, health facilities etc. but in the field of empowerment in the village of Kemiri is still not optimal this is due to the lack of community participation in the management of village funds. In the field of development and empowerment, the community is only involved in planning and implementation, but in terms of accountability and evaluation of the community village fund program, it has not been directly involved.

Pengembangan Pengelolaan Dana Desa Terhadap Kesejahtraan Masyarakat Desa Di Kabupaten Konawe Selatan Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-125
Author(s):  
Hasjad Hasjad
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Technological Readiness ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

Development of village fund management is very much needed by the community so that it can be enjoyed by all levels of society in the villages. The seriousness of the government in developing villages is evidenced by the start of allocation of the Village Fund budget for 2015. The allocation of the Village Fund is mandated by Law (Law) Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages and Government Regulation (PP) Number 6 of 2014 concerning Village Funds Sourced from STATE BUDGET. The regulation explained that the administration of the village government adheres to the principle of decentralization and the task of assistance. The principle of decentralization raises village internal funding (Desa APBD), while the principle of co-administration provides an opportunity for Villages to obtain funding sources from the government above it (APBN, Provincial APBD, Regency / City APBD). This study aims to observe what the development of village funds looks like, how they are implemented and the impact of the use of village funds in supporting development activities and community empowerment. The research method used is a qualitative research method that relies on observing places, actors and activities in Konawe Selatan Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province, which was chosen as a case study. Initial observations show that the Village Fund does not have significant results in improving the welfare of the community. These indications are evident in the welfare of the community which has not improved with the existence of the village fund. Therefore it is necessary to develop a good management of village funds to improve the welfare of rural communities, especially in Konawe Selatan District. The output to be achieved is the scientific publication with ISSN Online and the level of technological Readiness that will be achieved 1-3.

Narratives of Queer Migration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gray ◽  
Mike Baynham
Keyword(s):  
The European Union ◽  
Spatial Mobility ◽  
Class Politics ◽  
Depth Migration ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Global North ◽  
Economic Necessity ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

This chapter considers the phenomenon of queer migration from a linguistic perspective, paying particular attention to the constitutive role of spatial mobility in narrative and its role in the construction of queer migrant identities. The chapter begins by looking at the way in which queer migration has been discussed in the literature and then moves on to address three different types of queer migration in greater depth: migration within national borders from the village/countryside to the city; migration between cities in member states within the context of the European Union; and finally, asylum-seeking within the context of migration from the Global South to the Global North. The chapter concludes by suggesting that queer migration is a complex phenomenon in which the intersection of sexuality, gender identity, desire, affect, abjection, economic necessity, class, politics, and fear for one’s life combine in ways that are unique in the lives of individual migrants.

scholarly journals “My coupons are like gold”: experiences and perceived outcomes of low-income adults participating in the British Columbia Farmers’ Market Nutrition Coupon Program

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Caron-Roy ◽  
Sayeeda Amber Sayed ◽  
Katrina Milaney ◽  
Bonnie Lashewicz ◽  
Sharlette Dunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Farmers Markets ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Program Outcomes ◽  
Farmers Market

ABSTRACT Objective: The British Columbia Farmers’ Market Nutrition Coupon Program (FMNCP) provides low-income households with coupons valued at $21/week for 16 weeks to purchase healthy foods in farmers’ markets. Our objective was to explore FMNCP participants’ experiences of accessing nutritious foods, and perceived program outcomes. Design: This study used qualitative description methodology. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with FMNCP participants during the 2019 farmers’ market season. Directed content analysis was used to analyse the data whereby the five domains of Freedman et al’s framework of nutritious food access provided the basis for an initial coding scheme. Data that did not fit within the framework’s domains were coded inductively. Setting: One urban and two rural communities in British Columbia, Canada. Participants: 28 adults who were participating in the FMNCP. Results: Three themes emerged: Autonomy and Dignity; Social Connections and Community Building; and Environmental and Programmatic Constraints. Firstly, the program promoted a sense of autonomy and dignity through financial support, increased access to high-quality produce, food-related education and skill development, and mitigating stigma and shame. Secondly, shopping in farmers’ markets increased social connections and fostered a sense of community. Finally, participants experienced limited food variety in rural farmers’ markets, lack of transportation, and challenges with redeeming coupons. Conclusions: Participation in the FMNCP facilitated access to nutritious foods and enhanced participants’ diet quality, well-being and health. Strategies such as increasing the amount and duration of subsidies, and expanding programs may help improve participants’ experiences and outcomes of farmers’ market food subsidy programs.

scholarly journals Educational Intervention to Improve Citizen’s Healthcare Participation Perception in Rural Japanese Communities: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1782
Author(s):  
Ryuichi Ohta ◽  
Yoshinori Ryu ◽  
Jun Kitayuguchi ◽  
Chiaki Sano ◽  
Karen D. Könings
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Japanese Elderly

In this mixed-methods study, we hypothesized that social cognitive theory (SCT)-based educational interventions for healthcare participation can improve the self-efficacy of older rural citizens in participating in their health management without any difficulties. Quasi-experimental study before and after SCT-based educational interventions and semi-structured interviews were conducted. Participants were Japanese elderly (>65 years) from rural communities. Propensity score matching was performed to estimate the effectiveness of educational interventions on participants’ perception (intervention: n = 156; control: n = 121). Interview contents were transcribed verbatim and analyzed based on thematic analysis. The intervention group scored significantly higher than the control group for participation in planning and managing self-care. Interviews revealed three themes: ability to manage health conditions, relationship with medical professionals, and relationship among citizens. Participants reported difficulties in judging symptoms and communicating with medical professionals. Hierarchy and low motivation to participate in healthcare hindered collaboration. The findings suggest that SCT-based educational interventions can positively impact rural citizens’ self-efficacy in healthcare participation.

scholarly journals “I Spent Most of Freshers in my Room”—A Qualitative Study of the Social Experiences of University Students on the Autistic Spectrum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Goddard ◽  
Anna Cook
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Experiences ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
Social Events ◽  
University Life ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAutistic university students face extra challenges in both their academic and social life. Barriers to socialising appear to be less well understood and supported by universities than academic requirements. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten autistic university students to explore their social experiences. Questions explored their social experiences, satisfaction with social life, disclosure of ASD to others, and the impact of mental wellbeing on university life. Thematic analysis indicated most participants were unsatisfied with their social lives and experienced mental health issues. Factors exacerbating social isolation included lack of suitable social events, lack of social support and feeling unable to disclose to peers. Factors which reduced social isolation included joining an autism or special interest society and receiving social mentoring.

scholarly journals Ethnobotanical biocultural diversity by rural communities in the Cuatrociénegas Valley, Coahuila; Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Estrada-Castillón ◽  
José Ángel Villarreal-Quintanilla ◽  
Juan Antonio Encina-Domínguez ◽  
Enrique Jurado-Ybarra ◽  
Luis Gerardo Cuéllar-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Exotic Species ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Larrea Tridentata ◽  
Biocultural Diversity ◽  
Ethnobotanical Knowledge ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Biosphere Reserves ◽  
Rural Landscapes

Abstract Background Cuatrociénegas, part of the Chihuahuan Desert, is a region of unique biological, geological, geographical, and evolutionary importance. Its current population is mestizo; nevertheless, it has high national historical, cultural, and touristic relevance in Mexico. It has been cataloged as nationally significant for its flora and fauna by Mexican law, as well as being designated a High Protection site by the World Wildlife Fund and UNESCO. Because of its diverse and complex biological and sociocultural characteristics, we considered it important to determine, identify, and analyze various aspects of the traditional ethnobotanical knowledge and practices in this region. Methods Between 2016 and 2019, seven field trips were made to document the knowledge and use of flora. Cuatrociénegas is a protected area, collecting botanical material is regulated, so specimens were photographed and collected in neighboring communities, and in public and private gardens. Later permission was obtained to complete the collection of specimens (2019–2020). The plants were identified and entered into the flora database of the state of Coahuila, and deposited in the Herbarium of the Faculty of Forest Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Mexico. One hundred ten local residents (50 men and 60 women), aged between 27 and 91 years, were interviewed (semi-structured interviews). The cultural importance of ethnobotanical resources (cultural significance index) and its significance with respect to ethnobotanical richness in other Biosphere Reserves in Mexico (Mann-Whitney test), and similarities in the diversity of exotic species (Sørensen index) were studied. Results and discussion The ethnobotanical information registers 158 species and 132 genera in 57 vascular and non-vascular families, documenting a greater knowledge and use of cultivated species (84) with respect to wild species (74). The diversity of plants reported is compared to other ethnobotanical studies carried out in Mexican Biosphere Reserves. These results are highly relevant, in spite of unique exotic species. The people local pay special attention to medicinal and ornamental plants. The species that presented the highest use values are Larrea tridentata, Jatropha dioica, and Machaeranthera pinnatifida, three species characteristic of the desert region. Conclusions The particular diversity of wild flora in Cuatrociénegas Valley, combined with the varied introduced flora, is an important multifunctional resource. Special attention to introduced species is associated with harvesting use restrictions in the protected area as well as the high value of ornamental species that are difficult to maintain in desert areas. The extensive use of ethnobotanical knowledge is an example that biocultural diversity (at the conceptual level) is also strongly associated with socio-ecological systems incorporating mestizo groups and semi-urban rural landscapes, thus ceasing to be an exclusive focus of indigenous communities and regions.

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