How Inclusive Are Indian States: Evidence from Inclusive Development Index

2021 ◽  
pp. 097674792098545
Author(s):  
Suresh Chand Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Composite Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Policy Objective ◽  
Development Index ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Low Performance

The current study aims to find an ‘Inclusive Development Index’ (IDI) for the selected Indian states for the year 2017–2018 and has tried to incorporate indicators encompassing different aspects of the economy and life of the people. The index has tried to be more comprehensive and contemporary and attempts to keep the interest alive in the all-important policy objective of an inclusive growth in India as well as in many other countries around the world. The study has followed the guidelines given by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD, 2008 , Handbook on constructing composite indicators: Methodology and user guide) to construct a composite index and has included two pillars of growth with a total of 14 dimensions (sub-pillars) represented by 62 indicators. Principal component analysis (PCA) has been applied at the indicators level and simple averaging at the dimension and pillar levels to obtain the composite IDI for 20 Indian states. The states are ranked based on their inclusiveness score on IDI and divided into the ‘front-runners’, the ‘achievers’ and the ‘aspirants’. IDI may help the states to identify their spheres of ‘low’ performance and learn from their ‘front-runner’ peers.

Inclusiveness and the Progress of Indian States: Evidence from Inclusive Development Index Between 2011 and 2018

2021 ◽  
pp. 097370302110086
Author(s):  
Suresh Chand Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Simple Average

This article examines the progress of the Indian states in inclusiveness between 2011 and 2018, based on the “Inclusive Development Index” (IDI), which includes many important aspects of the economy and people. The study has followed the broad guidelines of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development—OECD (2008) to construct IDI, and it is based on two pillars of growth—the process and the outcome. The index includes 26 sub-pillars represented by 104 indicators. The weights of the indicators are obtained separately for 2011 and 2018 by applying the principal component analysis at the indicator level, and then a simple average has been computed at the sub-pillar and pillar levels to obtain the composite IDI for the 19 major Indian states. The composite IDI shows that in 2018, while the most inclusive states are Himachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh and Kerala, the least inclusive are the states of Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh (UP), Madhya Pradesh (MP), Assam, Jharkhand and Bihar. The performance of the states, however, varies among pillars, sub-pillars and indicators in both 2011 and 2018. The study may help the states to identify their spheres of “low” performance and learn from their “front-runner” peers, so as to take the necessary policy initiatives.

scholarly journals Composite Index of Inclusive Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Inclusion of the Informal Sector

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Omang Ombolo Messono ◽  
Nsoga Nsoga Mermoz Homère III
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Positive Growth ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Growth Changes

This paper aims to provide a composite index of inclusive growth in 32 sub-Saharan African countries between 1995 and 2014 by taking into account the importance of the informal sector. Following the principal component analysis methods, we find specifically that except for countries such as Djibouti, Burkina Faso, Mauritius, Nigeria and Zimbabwe, inclusive growth has trended upward over the study period. This trend is non-linear and is characterized by two sub periods. From 1995 to 2005, the composite index of inclusive growth is essentially negative. On the other hand, positive growth in value is recorded over the second sub-period from 2005 to 2014. Overall and on average, these countries have experienced inclusive growth. Moreover, we also note that in countries such as Burkina Faso, Mauritius and Nigeria, on the side-lines of the informal sector inclusive growth has a negative trend. However, when we integrate the informal sector, the trend of inclusive growth changes sign and becomes positive.

scholarly journals WHATEVER HAPPENED TO BRAZIL?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-36
Author(s):  
LADISLAU DOWBOR
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

Under Lula and Dilma, during the 2003-2013 decade that the World Bank called “the Golden Decade of Brazil”, we had simultaneously economic growth, social inclusion, environment protection and job expansion. With no deficit and very low inflation, and all despite the turbulence of the 2008 crisis. The onslaught on the inclusive policies started in 2014, Dilma was ousted through a thinly disguised coup in 2016, ex-president Lula was jailed for the time of the 2018 election, won by Jair Bolsonaro. Since the old oligarchies and corporate interests took over, the economy is stalled, unemployment has doubled, the Amazon is being cut down, child mortality is growing. The pandemic deepened an already general economic and social crisis. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of what went wrong, centering not on the pandemic itself, but on the deeper structural change that reversed the inclusive growth model of the popular governments. This involves the economy, but also technological, social and political change. The overall thesis is that inclusive development works, austerity does not.

scholarly journals DEPRESSED REGIONS OF GEORGIA HAVE GOOD OPPORTUNITIES FOR INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH TOURISM

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 88-100
Author(s):  
Lela Meskhishvili
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Growth Region ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
The World ◽  
Depressed Regions ◽  
Different Parts

The article - "Depressed regions of Georgia have good opportunities for inclusive development through tourism" - consists of the following parts:  Introduction.  Definitions of terms.  The need for inclusive growth in the world and in Georgia.  Priorities of inclusive growth in the depressed regions of Georgia.  Potential for tourism development in the depressed regions of Georgia.  Summarizing conclusion. The article brings to the forward the issue of priority development of the economically backward (depressed) regions and different parts of Georgia - Racha-Lechkhumi, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Pshav-Khevsureti, Tusheti and others, through the development of tourism. This opinion of the author is based on the resources needed for the development of tourism in these regions, about what the other Georgian scientists - I. Khelashvili, K. Arabuli, d. Gabunia and others - write a lot. Keywords: Tourism; Inclusive; Inclusive tourism; Inclusive growth; Region; Poverty and inequality.

Neglect of Growing Income and Asset Inequalities: A Flaw in Public Policy Discourses in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Policy Failures ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The article seeks to flag a fundamental flaw in public policies in India, namely, the neglect of growing inequalities in income and asset distributions and their causes and consequences. The article sets out a series of direct and indirect indicators of income and asset inequalities: inter-sectoral inequalities between rural-urban and farm and non-farm incomes, inter-state inequalities, gross inequalities in the distributions of urban incomes as per income-tax revenue statistics and explosive increases in remunerations of company executives. It has been pointed out that both in conception and actual implementation of the “inclusive growth” strategy, serious compromises have been made and inequalities have got worsened. In this respect, the article quotes extensively a comprehensive study done by the World Economic Forum very recently, which points out how India scores very poorly in its Inclusive Development Index (IDI) and attributes it to various policy failures.

scholarly journals SECTORAL CONTRIBUTION AND THEIR RELEVANCE IN INDIA: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THREE SOUTH INDIAN STATES

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
K. Sivasubramaniyan
Keyword(s):  
Skill Training ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Southern States ◽  
The People ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
The World ◽  
Service Sectors

Majority of the countries in the world has been functioning with its involvement in one or more of the three sectors of the economy such as agriculture, industry and services. In India, a large proportion of population live in poverty due to low level of skill development who are unable to cope with the available employment opportunities in the three sectors of the economy. Proper skill training not only benefits the work force and allows it to earn a decent living, but also contributes to the national economy by enhancing better productivity through the work force. Although India is an agricultural country, its importance in terms of giving employment and to generate adequate income to the people engaged in the sector has been gradually and steadily declining overtime. Consequently, industry and service sectors have been absorbing the displaced agricultural population to some extent. To what extent all the three sectors help the people to get employment and earn income for their livelihood in India, especially in the four southern states of India is discussed in the paper.

Region’s inclusive development index as a criterion of evaluation of the territories’ socio-economic development level

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Svitlana Pukhyr
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
European Standards

The paper is devoted to examining of theoretical and practical aspects of introduction of the Regions’ Inclusive Development Index. At current stage, the works of contemporary foreign and domestic scientists are focused on the research of inclusive development and inclusive growth, where they more or less outline substantial misbalances of global economy growth models – GDP volumes growth is accompanied by inharmonious distribution of income between the entities, leading to stratification of population and aggravating poverty – and suggest a new balanced model of economic growth of socio-economic systems with growing involvement of all residents in economic growth processes and fair distribution of their results. Growing gaps in regions’ development, low credibility of GRP per capita in terms of estimation of socio-economic development of territories, their competitive ability and problematic nature objectively cause the need to introduce a new aggregated index to systemically and complexly make constructive managerial decisions to overcome negative tendencies, to conduct efficient state regional policy and to provide state financial assistance. The author’s approach to introduction of «Region’s Inclusive Development Index» in Ukraine at the level of regions, which is an analogue to international «Inclusive Development Index», which should show the growth (fall) of residents’ welfare in the region more comprehensively and promote achievement of European standards of the quality of life, which correspond to the principles of inclusive growth. The results of calculations of suggested Region’s Inclusive Development Index and comparative analysis by the rate of GRP per capita in followup of socio-economic development of Ukrainian regions in 2016-2017 show the reasonability of introducing this criterion as far as it reveals the advantages and defects of each region’s socio-economic development.

Multi-dimensional public–private partnership readiness index: a sub-national analysis of India

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakshi Malik ◽  
Simrit Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
National Level ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
State Level ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
National Analysis

Purpose Despite being a global public–private partnerships (PPPs) leader, India faces a vast PPP divide at a sub-national level, wherein a few states receive the majority of PPP projects, whereas other states face severe issues in attracting PPP investments. This necessitates the identification of factors that make some states attractive to PPP investors. The purpose of this study is to construct a “PPP readiness index” at the Indian state-level, which aims to assess the readiness of states for the diffusion of PPPs. Design/methodology/approach Using a quantitative method on secondary data, the study scores 17 Indian states on dimensions such as experience with PPPs, physical infrastructure, financial sector development, market conditions, institutional quality and political stability and fiscal constraints for each of the years during 2009–2018. Principal component analysis is used for assigning weights to the dimensions, thereby arriving at the composite index. Findings Results highlight that Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra offer the most favorable environment for PPPs to flourish. In contrast, Jharkhand and Bihar are laggards because they score the least and have limited PPP experience. Practical implications The index will assist the private sector in conducting a comparative analysis between state-specific PPP arrangements, thereby enabling them to make informed decisions prior to forging PPP arrangements. Further, the index will help the state governments in improving their PPP readiness by following the policies of the leading states. Social implications Improvement in PPP readiness of the states will enable higher PPP investments in infrastructure, thereby reducing infrastructure deficits. This, in turn, will lead to economic growth, development and an improvement in the quality of life. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that comprehensively analyzes the PPP readiness at a sub-national level in India.

scholarly journals FINTEH IN THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM OF INCLUSIVENESS

2018 ◽  
pp. 100-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohdan LUTSIV
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The middle of 2000 years witness the shift in traditional economic development models to the concept of inclusive growth. The significant stratification of society and the growth of the share of the poor population due to financial and economic crises are the prerequisites for changing the paradigm of economic development of countries. According to the index of inclusive economic development (IDI) of 2018, published on the website of the World Economic Forum, Ukraine ranks 43rd among 74 developing countries. The introduction of the latest financial technologies in the banking system in recent years has significantly improved the qualitative characteristics of financial inclusiveness. The financial services market has radically changed. The boom of Finteh-startups is supported by smartphone population and penetration into all spheres of society of the fast Internet society. The purposeof the article is to assess the impact of financial technologies on the inclusive development of Ukraine in terms of banking sector cooperation with startup companies on the financial services market. Results. Concepts on the further development of the world economy in the long-term perspective are considered. Based on the analysis of modern economic literature, key points of inclusive growth are identified. In this context, the focus of the study is on financial inclusiveness. The emphasis is on strengthening the financial inclusiveness of the population in the adopted Strategy of the NBU by 2020. The most current trends of FinTeh in the world are described and the factors of development of FinTeh in Ukraine are analyzed. The given feature is the latest types of Finteh start-ups, challenges for the development of the FinTeh-market in Ukraine. Conclusions. The development of scientific thought and understanding of the transformation of social processes led to the transition from the concept of economism growth to the concept of inclusive development. The concept of inclusive development of the country is only part of the scientific discourse. Financial inclusiveness has not only financial but also social orientation. In Ukraine, FinTeh is in its infancy, the development of which is supported by a variety of initiatives and activities of the NBU. Given the current market demand, FinTeh solutions that are focused on financial inclusiveness and the mass market have the greatest potential for growth.

Strategic directions of inclusive development оf Ukraine

2018 ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Yuriy Makhortov ◽  
Victoria Gurochkina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Social Interests ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Concepts

The paper formulates the basic concepts of inclusive development of the country. The complex indicator of inclusive growth and development of the country, its level and meaningful components are analyzed. The content components of the complex index of inclusiveness of economic development are characterized and their importance is substantiated. The state of protection of social interests and the resolution of poverty issues in the implementation of industrial automation and innovative business processes of Industry 4.0 has been analyzed. The place of Ukraine in inclusive productivity of development and interpersonal trust of the countries of the world is determined.

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