Immunization Coverage and Infant Mortality Rate in Developing Countries

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Shimouchi ◽  
Kotaro Ozasa ◽  
Kyohei Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Multiple Correlation ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Multiple Correlation Coefficients

We examined whether immunization coverage (IMC) is one of the predictors of infant mortality rate (IMR), as a single indicator representing the availability of primary health care (PHC) services in developing countries. Multiple regression analysis showed that partial correlation coefficients for IMR with immunization coverage (-0.224), logarithm of per capita GNP (-0.294), total fertility rate (0.269), and adult literacy rate (-0.325) were all statistically significant (p < 0.001) in 97 developing countries which make up more than 97% of the population in all developing countries of the world. Multiple correlation coefficients of IMR with these four variables in 97 countries was 0.921. Thus, more than 80% of variation of IMR in developing countries were explained by the variation of the four variables. The study also showed that IMC was well correlated (simple correlation) with the four indicators of the availability of primary health care services: access to local care (0.730), care of pregnant women (0.603), delivery care (0.666), and infant care (0.553), all of which were statistically significant (p < 0.001) in the 48 developing countries which make up 42% of the population of all developing countries. Multiple correlation coefficients of these four variables was 0.787. About 60% of the variation of IMC will be explained by the variation of the four variables. Thus we conclude that immunization coverage is one of the main predictors of the infant mortality rate. It represents one of the health intervention components which can be used as a proxy indicator of the availability of PHC service in developing countries. Asia Pac J Public Health1994;7(4): 228-32.

Neonatal Mortality: A Critical Global Health Issue

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 357-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Ogbolu
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Maternal Child Health ◽  
Maternal Child

Almost all of the millions of babies who die worldwide in the first four weeks of life are in low- and middle-income countries. The socioeconomic status of developing countries adversely affects maternal-child health because it limits access to adequate nutrition, quality health care, medications, safe water, adequate sanitation, and other basic social services. The factors associated with high infant mortality rates transcend national boundaries, making infant mortality a critical global health problem. Poverty is one of the most important factors affecting the infant mortality rate in Nigeria. This examination of infant mortality in Nigeria exemplifies the multifactorial national and international issues underlying infant mortality in developing countries. Infant mortality in these countries will not improve without global attention and intervention. By finding creative ways to share expert knowledge about caring for neonates, neonatal nurses can contribute to global improvements in maternal-child health care.

Baby’s First Cry:A Prognostic Study by Varmam Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deiva Priyananth ◽  
Dr.N. Shonmugam
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Live Births ◽  
New Born

This paper presents the efficacy and importance of Varmam application and treatment applied on new born to prevent Birth Asphyxia. In this study Varmam technique was tried to prevent birth asphyxia by bringing about the first cry in a baby. This is one of the main causes for Infant mortality. It is much more in developing countries. In India out of 25 million infants born every year, 3 - 5% experience birth asphyxia, which amounts to almost 7,50,000 infants. Infant mortality rate is 57 out of every 1000 live births in India, which is comparatively higher than developed countries. One of the main causes is birth asphyxia.

scholarly journals Analisis Determinan Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) Di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur Tahun 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-239
Author(s):  
Elina Mayasari ◽  
Geraldi Putra Prasetya Balebu ◽  
Latifah Hasanah ◽  
Rizka Wulandari ◽  
Rani Nooraeni
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Average Case

Health is one of the essential needs for human beings, and even became a major issue that indicates achievement of a country or a region. Health can also be viewed from the condition of the infants, which can be measure from Infant Mortality Rate (IMR). This indicator shows a high rate especially because of low birthweight. The cases of low birthweight is one of the highest case that occurred in developing countries, including Indonesia. Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) province in Indonesia, is one of the most common places where this case is most likely to happened. The percentage of the low birthweight case is higher than the average case in Indonesia. Therefore, this research paper aim to investigate variables which are responsible for causing low birthweight case in such a high number in NTT on 2017. The method used for analysis is logistic regression. The result indicate that mother’s education level is significantly affecting low birthweight cases in NTT.

scholarly journals A Trend Study of Preterm Infant Mortality Rate in Developed and Developing Countries Over 1990 to 2017

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reyhaneh SEFIDKAR ◽  
Farid ZAYERI ◽  
Elaheh KAZEM ◽  
Masoud SALEHI ◽  
Afsaneh DEHNAD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Preterm Infant ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Development Factor ◽  
The World

Background: Preterm birth is the most important in children under 5 yr mortality. In this study, we used the Global Burden of Disease Data (GBD) to evaluate the trend of preterm infant mortality rate for all countries from 1990 to 2017 and to assess the effect of development factors on this trend. Methods: The preterm infant mortality rate data from 196 countries of the world, from 1990 to 2017, were extracted from the GBD database. To study the trend of preterm infant mortality rate, a mixed-effects log-linear regression model was fitted separately for each IHME super-region. In the next step of data analysis, the development factor was included in the model to determine its effect on this trend for all countries under study Results: The average rate mortality rate has declined about 2% per year throughout the world over the mentioned period. The highest and lowest decreasing trends were observed in high-income countries (about 4.0%) and Sub-Saharan Africa (about 1.0%), respectively. Including the effect of development factor in the mentioned model revealed that in 1990, the rate of preterm infant mortality in developed countries was 2.2 times of this rate in developing countries and this rate ratio has increased to 2.69 in year 2017. Conclusion: Although the preterm infant mortality rate were decreasing in all super regions, there is a remarkable gap in this rate between developing and developed countries yet. Therefore, preventative strategies are needed to reduce preterm birth and its burden, especially in the developing world.

Perbandingan Linieritas Dalam Pendeteksian Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Angka Kematian Bayi Di Provinsi Aceh

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desfira Ahya ◽  
Inas Salsabila ◽  
Miftahuddin
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Penalized Spline ◽  
Aceh Province

Angka Kematian Bayi/ Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) merupakan indikator penting dalam mengukur keberhasilan pengembangan kesehatan. Nilai IMR juga dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesehatan ibu, kondisi kesehatan lingkungan dan secara umum, tingkat pengembangan sosio-ekonomi masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh model IMR terbaik menggunakan tiga pendekatan: Model Linear, Model Linear Tergeneralisir dan Model Aditif Tergeneralisir dengan basis P-spline. Sebagai tambahan, berdasarkan model tersebut akan terlihat variabel yang mempengaruhi tingkat kematian bayi di provinsi Aceh. Penelitian ini menggunakan data jumlah kematian bayi di tahun 2013-2015. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari Profil Kesehatan Aceh. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa model terbaik dalam menjelaskan angka kematian bayi di provinsi Aceh tahun 2013-2015 ialah Model Linear Tergeneralisir dengan basis P-spline menggunakan parameter penghalusan 100 dan titik knots 8. Faktor yang sangat mempengaruhi angka kematian ialah jumlah pekerja yang sehat.   Infant mortality rate (IMR) is an important indicator in measuring the success of health development. IMR also can be used to knowing the level of maternal health, environmental health conditions and generally the level of socio-economic development in community. This research aims to get the best model of infant mortality data using three approaches: Linear Model, Generalized Linear Model and Generalized Additive Model with Penalized Spline (P-spline) base. In addition, based on the model can be seen the variables that affect to infant mortality in Aceh Province. This research uses data number of infant mortality in Aceh Province period 2013-2015. The data in this research were obtained from Aceh’s Health Profile. The results show that the best model can be explain infant mortality rate in Aceh Province period 2013-2015 is GAM model with P-spline base using smoothing parameter 100 and knots 8. Factor that high effect to infant mortality is number of health workers.

Empirical analysis of factors influencing the public health expenditure in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Kok Wooi Yap ◽  
Doris Padmini Selvaratnam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Public Health Expenditure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Per Capita

This study aims to investigate the determinants of public health expenditure in Malaysia. An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach proposed by Pesaran & Shin (1999) and Pesaran et al. (2001) is applied to analyse annual time series data during the period from 1970 to 2017. The study focused on four explanatory variables, namely per capita gross domestic product (GDP), healthcare price index, population aged 65 years and above, as well as infant mortality rate. The bounds test results showed that the public health expenditure and its determinants are cointegrated. The empirical results revealed that the elasticity of government health expenditure with respect to national income is less than unity, indicating that public health expenditure in Malaysia is a necessity good and thus the Wagner’s law does not exist to explain the relationship between public health expenditure and economic growth in Malaysia. In the long run, per capita GDP, healthcare price index, population aged more than 65 years, and infant mortality rate are the important variables in explaining the behaviour of public health expenditure in Malaysia. The empirical results also prove that infant mortality rate is significant in influencing public health spending in the short run. It is noted that macroeconomic and health status factors assume an important role in determining the public health expenditure in Malaysia and thus government policies and strategies should be made by taking into account of these aspects.

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