scholarly journals Hereditary Sterilizing Short-Tail Sperm Defect in Finnish Yorkshire Boars

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 382-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Sukura ◽  
Raili Mäkipää ◽  
Matti Vierula ◽  
Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez ◽  
Pernilla Sundbäck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Seminiferous Epithelium ◽  
Characteristic Change ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Light Microscopic Level ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Typical Finding ◽  
And Control

A new infertility syndrome has recently been described in Finnish Yorkshire boars. Typical for the syndrome is total akinesia and severe tail malformation of the spermatozoa. Morphometric analysis was performed on semen smears from 20 affected and 18 control boars and on testicular tissue sections from 5 affected and 4 control boars. Semen morphometry revealed that, in affected boars, the length of the sperm tails was only 33% of that of the controls (15.4 μm vs. 47.0 μm, P < 0.0001). Typical for the spermatozoa of affected boars was also an abundant frequency of proximal cytoplasmic droplets (72.4% vs. 6.9%, P < 0.0001), whereas no major sperm-head abnormalities were recorded. In the testicular tissue samples, viewed at light microscopic level, the volume densities of seminiferous tubules or interstitium did not differ. The most characteristic change in the seminiferous epithelium of the affected boars was a reduced number of elongated spermatids. Densities of Sertoli cells and Leydig cells between affected and control boars did not differ. The ultrastructure of testicular tissue from affected boars showed severe alterations in the assembly of the midpiece and tail of the spermatozoa. As well, a typical finding in the seminiferous epithelium of affected boars was conspicuous deposition of lipid droplets. The pathogenesis of this syndrome severely affects spermiogenesis and motility. Spermatozoa have malformed, short tails, which never become motile. This syndrome is not manifested in the structure or function of other ciliated cells in the affected animals.

Immunization against recombinant GnRH-I alters testicular structure in an experimental boar model

Zygote ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunsheng Li ◽  
Ya Liu ◽  
Shiping Su ◽  
Yong Pu ◽  
Xiaorong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Spermatocyte ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Active Immunization ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
And Control

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate and to compare testicular tissue in immunized and control boars. Eighteen male piglets, aged 12 weeks, were vaccinated twice intramuscularly with a maltose-binding protein–gonadotropin-releasing hormone I hexamer peptide (MBP-GnRH-I6). Blood samples were taken at 12, 18, 21 and 24 weeks of age. Serum concentrations of testosterone and GnRH-I antibodies were determined by radioimmunoassay. The pigs were sacrificed 6 weeks after the second immunization. Testicular weight and size were recorded and tissue samples were collected for histological examination. The results demonstrated that active immunization against MBP-GnRH-I6 increased serum GnRH-I antibody levels (P < 0.05) and reduced serum concentrations of testosterone (P < 0.05) when compared with controls. Histological studies performed on testicular tissue revealed clear signs of atrophy in the MBP-GnRH-I6 immunized pigs, and a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in paired testes weight and size were seen in the treated boars. Microscopically, the mean diameter of the seminiferous tubules was markedly reduced (P < 0.01). Spermatogonia were visible, as well as few spermatocytes, but no spermatozoa were detected in the seminiferous tubules. Ultramicroscopic analysis of testicular tissue revealed an increase in the thickness of the basement membrane and extensive damage in the cell organelles of the treated animals, including small spermatogonial size, decreased number of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in the primary spermatocyte and spermatid, a shallow hollow for nuclear membranes in Sertoli cells and mitochondrial vacuolation in Leydig cells. We conclude that MBP-GnRH-I6 induces severe atrophy in the testes of immunized boars.

scholarly journals Microscopic Features of Gonadally Inactive Testis of Khaki Campbell Duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-149
Author(s):  
Papia Khatun ◽  
Ziaul Haque ◽  
Shonkor Kumar Das
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
One Year ◽  
Khaki Campbell Ducks ◽  
First Time

The microscopic features of the testis were studied in gonadally inactive Khaki Campbell duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) in Bangladesh. The study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy & Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Five adult healthy birds of one-year-old were used for this study. The testes were collected immediately after ethical killing of the birds for histological observations. The collected tissue samples were then processed and stained with Hematoxylene & Eosin (H & E) stain for histological observations. The seminiferous tubules showed considerable involution with cessation of spermatogenesis. The basal lamina of the seminiferous tubules was irregular in outline and was invaginated into the germinal epithelium in the form of finger-like plicae or folds. Most of the lumen of the seminiferous tubules was empty and all generation of germ cells were not present in most of the seminifeous tubules. The interstitium showed a relative increase in volume and interstitial tissue consisted of loose connective tissue, interstitial cells (Leydig cells), few connective cells and blood vessels. This study first time described the microscopic features of testis of Khaki Campbell ducks in Bangladesh during inactive phases of the reproductive cycle.

TESTICULAR HISTO-MORPHOLOGY OF YOUNG RATS TREATED WITH OESTRADIOL-17β BENZOATE

1964 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Maqueo ◽  
Fred A. Kind
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Seminiferous Epithelium ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Testicular Damage ◽  
Oestrogen Treatment ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate

ABSTRACT Oestradiol-17β benzoate, 120 βg, injected into five-day old male rats inhibited maturation of the seminiferous epithelium as demonstrated by histological studies performed 40–55 days post-treatment. The oestrogen treatment was ineffective when administered at the age of 20 days. The degree of testicular damage appeared to be correlated with the amount of steroid used. A dose of 240 μg of oestradiol benzoate led to severe pathological changes in almost 100 per cent of the seminiferous tubules and atrophy of the Leydig cells.

scholarly journals Testicular Morphological Changes Produced by Fluoroquinolones in Adult Male Albino Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubina Iqbal ◽  
Saud Iqbal ◽  
Iram Atta
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats

AbstractObjectives:  The objective of this research work was to observe the testicular morphological changes produced by fluoroquinolones in the reproductive organs of adult male albino rats, and to see whether these changes are reversible after discontinuation of the drugs.Materials and Method:  Eighty adult male albino rats weighing 200 – 300 gms were randomly selected and divided into four groups i.e. A, B, C & D, having 20 animals in each group. A, B & C, were the experimental groups & D served as control group. All the groups were further divided into sub groups 1 & 2. Three fluoroquinolones i.e. Ciprofloxacin (135 mg / kg / day), Ofloxacin (75 mg / kg / day) & Enoxacin (12.5 mg / kg/ day) were given to the groups A, B & C respectively for 42 days. Animals of group D received dis-tilled water only. Animals of sub groups A1, B1, C1 &D1 were sacrificed on 42nd day and testicular tissue was obtained for morphological study. Animals of subgroups A2, B2, C2 & D2 were sacrificed on 84th day and testicular tissue for morphological changes was taken. No of leydig cells, height of epithelium and diameter of seminiferous tubules were taken as experimental parameters for morphological changes.Results:  The study indicated statistically significant (P < 0.05) decrease in height of epithelium, diameter of seminiferous tubules and no. of leydig cells in experimental groups as compared to the control groups.Conclusion:  The changes observed in morphology could lead to decrease in sperm count and testosterone levels. This study suggests gonadotoxic potentials of fluoroquinolones and adds concern to the indiscriminate and widespread use of fluoroquinolones and recommends more rational use of these drugs.

scholarly journals Axl Promotes Zika Virus Entry and Modulates the Antiviral State of Human Sertoli Cells

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Strange ◽  
Boonyanudh Jiyarom ◽  
Nima Pourhabibi Zarandi ◽  
Xuping Xie ◽  
Coleman Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Virus Entry ◽  
Seminiferous Epithelium ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Antiviral State

ABSTRACT Zika virus (ZIKV) is unique among mosquito-borne flaviviruses in its ability to be sexually transmitted. Persistent ZIKV infection in the testes, which are immune privileged organs, long after peripheral clearance suggests involvement of immunosuppressive pathways; however, the underlying mechanisms remain undetermined. We recently demonstrated that ZIKV infects human Sertoli cells (SC), the major cell type of the seminiferous epithelium responsible for maintaining the immune privileged compartment of seminiferous tubules. Recent reports have identified the TAM (Tyro3, Axl, Mer) receptor tyrosine kinase Axl as an entry receptor and/or immune modulator for ZIKV in a cell type-specific manner. Interestingly, the seminiferous epithelium exhibits high basal expression of the Axl receptor where it is involved in clearance of apoptotic germ cells and immunosuppression. Here, we show that Axl was highly expressed in SC compared to Leydig cells (LC) that correlated with robust ZIKV infection of SC, but not LC. Further, neutralization of Axl receptor and its ligand Gas6 strongly attenuated virus entry in SC. However, inhibition of Axl kinase did not affect ZIKV entry but instead led to decreased protein levels of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and SOCS3, increased expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), and reduced ZIKV replication. Similarly, treatment of multicellular human testicular organoids with an Axl kinase inhibitor attenuated ZIKV replication and increased ISG expression. Together, our data demonstrate that Axl promotes ZIKV entry and negatively regulates the antiviral state of SC to augment ZIKV infection of the testes and provides new insights into testis antiviral immunity and ZIKV persistence. IMPORTANCE Recent Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks have identified sexual transmission as a new route of disease spread not reported for other flaviviruses. ZIKV crosses the blood-testis barrier and establishes infection in seminiferous tubules, the site for spermatozoa development. Currently, there are no therapies to treat ZIKV infection, and the immune mechanisms underlying testicular persistence are unclear. We found that multiple human testicular cell types, except Leydig cells, support ZIKV infection. Axl receptor, which plays a pivotal role in maintaining the immunosuppressive milieu of the testis, is highly expressed in Sertoli cells and augments ZIKV infection by promoting virus entry and negatively regulating the antiviral state. By using testicular organoids, we further describe the antiviral role of Axl inhibition. The significance of our research lies in defining cross talk between Axl and type I interferon signaling as an essential mechanism of immune control that can inform therapeutic efforts to clear ZIKV from the testis.

The effect of prenatal treatment with busulfan on in vitro androgen production by testes from rats of various ages

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1155-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwenderlyn F. Jansz ◽  
David K. Pomerantz
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Apparent Paradox ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Hydroxy Steroid ◽  
Steroid Dehydrogenase

Treatment of rats with busulfan in utero severely depletes the germ cell population of the seminiferous tubules. These studies have examined the in vitro capacity of testicular tissue and Leydig cells from such testes to secrete androgens. Leydig cells were identified by staining for 3β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase. Rats were studied at several ages to identify any developmental changes in the androgen-secreting capacity of control and treated gonads. At 30 days of age, no effect of treatment on serum androgen was found. At 60 and 90 days of age, treatment caused decreased androgen and increased LH content of the serum. At 12, 30, 60, and 90 days of age, the amount of androgen secreted per milligram of testicular tissue in response to LH was higher in busulfan-treated rats. Leydig cells from 60- and 90-day-old rats which had received busulfan were also hyperresponsive to LH. It was concluded that Leydig cells from testes essentially devoid of germ cells were hyperresponsive to LH. Serum androgen levels were decreased yet androgen production per Leydig cell was increased. A possible explanation of this apparent paradox is that busulfan treatment resulted in decreased numbers of Leydig cells in the gonads.

Growth and development of testes in domesticated and hybrid (wild x domesticated) yak bulls

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Ping ◽  
Pan Heping ◽  
Zhi Dejuan
Keyword(s):  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Seminiferous Epithelium ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Ldh Activity ◽  
Ldh Isoenzyme ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Wild Strains ◽  
First Time ◽  
Isoenzyme Spectrum

AbstractTesticular tissue was studied in domesticated yak and in wild yak x domesticated yak (F1 and F2) bulls at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months of age by stereology for quantitative histology and by comparative studies on the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme spectrum, LDH activity and the percentage content of LDH isoenzymes in testes. The results indicated that all three types of yak were similar in both the characteristics of ultrastructure of testicular tissue and the degree of germ cell development. The process of spermatоgenesis was initiated and sperm were produced for the first time at the age of 12 months in all three yak types. All yak types exhibited similar age-related increases in weight of testes, volume density of both the seminiferous tubules and seminiferous epithelium and height of seminiferous epithelium but all these indexes were slightly affected by season. The number of LDH isoenzyme bands after electrophoresis varied with age as follows: four bands were present at 6 months of age, five bands at 12 and 18 months and six bands at 24 months of age. The sixth band was LDH-x, which appeared between the LDH4 and LDH5 band. These results indicated that yak bulls reach sexual maturity at 24 months of age and that puberty is not affected by infusion of wild strains.

scholarly journals Histo morphometric evaluation of testes of Black Bengal goats

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
AB Siddique ◽  
KA Ferdous ◽  
MNH Parvez ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
MA Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Morphometric Evaluation

This study was designed to explore the gross and microscopic structures of the testes of Black Bengal bucks (n = 14) with special emphasis on the seminiferous tubules. A quantitative comparison of the various cell types in the seminiferous tubules of the testes were done. Biometrical values of testes were recorded. The left testes were significantly larger than the right. The mean length, width, weight and circumference of the left testis were 6.7 ± 0.1 cm, 3.9 ± 0.0 cm, 66.9 ± 0.8 gm and 13.4 ± 0.2 cm, respectively. The mean length, width, weight and circumference of the right testis were 6.3 ± 0.0 cm, 3.8 ± 0.0 cm, 66.5 ± 0.8 gm and 13.1 ± 0.1 cm, respectively. For microscopic studies tissue samples were evaluated with quantitative techniques. The testis was encapsulated by tunica toward the mediastinum testis. The testicular parenchyma was divided into convoluted seminiferous tubules and Leydig cells, which were found in the intertubular spaces. The Bangladesh Veterinarian (2018) 35(1&2): 40-46

Discovery of intracellular 2,8 dihydroxyadenine crystals in bovine lymphatic and hepatic cells

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 906-907
Author(s):  
W. E. Rigsby ◽  
D. M. Hinton ◽  
V. J. Hurst ◽  
P. C. McCaskey
Keyword(s):  
Polarized Light ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Hepatic Cells ◽  
Slaughter House ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Cellular Components

Crystalline intracellular inclusions are rarely seen in mammalian tissues and are often difficult to positively identify. Lymph node and liver tissue samples were obtained from two cows which had been rejected at the slaughter house due to the abnormal appearance of these organs in the animals. The samples were fixed in formaldehyde and some of the fixed material was embedded in paraffin. Examination of the paraffin sections with polarized light microscopy revealed the presence of numerous crystals in both hepatic and lymph tissue sections. Tissue sections were then deparaffinized in xylene, mounted, carbon coated, and examined in a Phillips 505T SEM equipped with a Tracor Northern X-ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) system. Crystals were obscured by cellular components and membranes so that EDS spectra were only obtainable from whole cells. Tissue samples which had been fixed but not paraffin-embedded were dehydrated, embedded in Spurrs plastic, and sectioned.

Tanshinone IIA attenuates elastase-induced AAA in rats via inhibition of MyD88-dependent TLR-4 signaling

VASA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Shang ◽  
Feng Ran ◽  
Qian Qiao ◽  
Zhao Liu ◽  
Chang-Jian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Tanshinone Iia ◽  
Myeloid Differentiation ◽  
Aortic Tissue ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Myeloid Differentiation Factor ◽  
And Control

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine whether myeloid differentiation factor88-dependent Toll-Like Receptor-4 (TLR-4) signaling contributed to the inhibition of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) by Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA). Materials and methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 12 / group) were randomly distributed into three groups: Tan IIA, control, and sham. The rats from Tan IIA and control groups under-went intra-aortic elastase perfusion to induce AAAs, and those in the sham group were perfused with saline. Only the Tan IIA group received Tan IIA (2 mg / rat / d). Aortic tissue samples were harvested at 24 d after perfusion and evaluated using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Results: The over-expression of Toll-Like Receptor-4 (TLR-4), Myeloid Differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), Phosphorylated Nuclear Factor κB (pNF-κB) and Phosphorylated IκBα (pIκBα) induced by elastase perfusion were significantly decreased by Tan IIA treatment. Conclusions: Tan IIA attenuates elastase-induced AAA in rats possibly via the inhibition of MyD88-dependent TLR-4 signaling, which may be one potential explanation of why Tan IIA inhibits AAA development through multiple effects.

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