scholarly journals When Do Opponents of Gay Rights Mobilize? Explaining Political Participation in Times of Backlash against Liberalism

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 696-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip M. Ayoub ◽  
Douglas Page
Keyword(s):  
Gay Rights ◽  
Political Efficacy ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Industrialized Democracies ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Personal Attitudes ◽  
Politically Active

Existing research suggests that supporters of gay rights have outmobilized their opponents, leading to policy changes in advanced industrialized democracies. At the same time, we observe the diffusion of state-sponsored homophobia in many parts of the world. The emergence of gay rights as a salient political issue in global politics leads us to ask, “Who is empowered to be politically active in various societies?” What current research misses is a comparison of levels of participation (voting and protesting) between states that make stronger and weaker appeals to homophobia. Voters face contrasting appeals from politicians in favor of and against gay rights globally. In an analysis of survey data from Europe and Latin America, we argue that the alignment between the norms of sexuality a state promotes and an individual’s personal attitudes on sexuality increases felt political efficacy. We find that individuals who are tolerant of homosexuality are more likely to participate in states with gay-friendly policies in comparison with intolerant individuals. The reverse also holds: individuals with low education levels that are intolerant of homosexuality are more likely to participate in states espousing political homophobia.

scholarly journals Edukasi Pijat Laktasi pada Ibu Hamil Trimester III di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Jekan Raya Kota Palangka Raya

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-370
Author(s):  
Cia Aprilianti
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Participant Characteristics

The failure to implement Exclusive Breast Milk (ASI) is often obtained in the early period after delivery because the milk has not yet been released is a reason for mothers to provide formula milk. This activity aims to provide lactation massage education for third-trimester pregnant women to increase breastfeeding. The activity was carried out in four meetings. The implementation of the activity went well, and the majority of participant characteristics were ideal (80%), multi-parity (70%), mothers with low education levels (70%), and mothers working as IRT (90%). It is hoped that outreach activities on lactation massage for pregnant women can be used as a routine program for health centers and health workers so that they can assist and prepare pregnant women with knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding before delivery.

scholarly journals Front-of-pack warning labels are preferred by parents with low education level in four Latin American countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
Sofia Rincon Gallardo Patino ◽  
Ángela Carriedo ◽  
Lizbeth Tolentino-Mayo ◽  
Jacqueline Araneda ◽  
Lorena Allemandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Nutrition Label ◽  
Nutrition Labels ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Latin American Countries

Background: Overweight and obesity rates in Latin America are much higher than the global prevalence. Front-of-pack (FOP) nutrition label systems are gaining momentum in Latin America and being implemented as a strategy to tackle obesity among children and adults. This study investigates the usage and preference of three FOP nutrition labels among Argentinian, Chilean, Costa Rican, and Mexican adult parents. Methods: From March to May 2016, a questionnaire was administered to 966 parents of elementary school aged children in Argentina (89), Chile (304), Costa Rica (258) and Mexico (315). Guideline Daily Amounts (GDA), traffic light (TL), and warning label FOP systems were compared and analyzed. Statistical analysis was conducted using frequencies and proportions. Median differences tests, ANOVAs and logistic regression models were performed. A thematic analysis of qualitative data was conducted using a deductive process. Results: Parents with low education levels and poor health conditions (i.e., overweight) preferred the FOP warning labels over the GDA and TL systems. The GDA FOP nutrition labels were preferred by parents with higher education levels. Overall, the TL system was preferred with no significant differences across countries. Conclusion: FOP warning labels are preferred by parents with vulnerable conditions (i.e., low education levels and overweight) across four Latin American countries. An easily understandable, readable and acceptable label may facilitate usage by vulnerable groups to make healthy food purchases. These results have important policy implications by providing evidence to government policymakers to enact legislation to implement or enhance existing FOP nutrition label policies as a viable strategy to reduce obesity risk.

scholarly journals Intervention Effects of a School-Based Health Promotion Programme on Obesity Related Behavioural Outcomes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Kobel ◽  
Tamara Wirt ◽  
Anja Schreiber ◽  
Dorothea Kesztyüs ◽  
Sarah Kettner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Health Promotion Programme ◽  
Randomised Study ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Education Levels

Studies have shown preventive effects of an active lifestyle during childhood on later life; therefore, health promotion has to start early. The programme “Join the Healthy Boat” promotes a healthy lifestyle in primary school children. In order to evaluate it, children’s behaviours in respect of increased physical activity (PA), a decrease in screen media use (SMU), more regular breakfast, and a reduction of the consumption of soft drinks (SDC) were investigated. 1943 children (7.1 ± 0.6 years) participated in the cluster-randomised study and were assessed at baseline and 1736 of them at follow-up. Teachers delivered lessons, which included behavioural contracting and budgeting of SMU and SDC. Daily SMU, PA behaviours, SDC, and breakfast patterns were assessed via parental questionnaire. After one-year intervention, significant effects were found in the intervention group for SMU of girls, children without migration background, and children with parents having a low education level. In the control group, second grade children skipped breakfast significantly more often. Tendencies but no significant differences were found for PA and SDC. This intervention seems to affect groups, which are usually hard to reach, such as children of parents with low education levels, which shows that active parental involvement is vital for successful interventions.

Detoxifying in Darwin: Client Satisfaction and Outcomes

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Bridie O'Reilly ◽  
Paul Rysavy ◽  
Chris Moon
Keyword(s):  
Client Satisfaction ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Consumer Feedback ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Education Levels

AbstractThis study investigated client satisfaction and completion of detoxification among 185 clients admitted to Darwin Detoxification Unit from February to August 1999. The aim of the study was to identify detoxification completion versus non-completion and to obtain information that could guide the development of the Unit. The sample was predominantly male (79%), Caucasian (80%), unemployed (83%) and with low education levels (71% with Year 11 or lower). 140 clients voluntarily completed an anonymous exit questionnaire (50% alcohol admissions, 50% other drug admissions) commenting on reasons for leaving the Unit and satisfaction with staff, daily routine/activities, medication and facilities. Respondents were also asked to rate their overall satisfaction and make any other comments that would improve the service. Half of all total admissions completed detoxification with alcohol admissions more than twice as likely to complete (p <.05). Reported satisfaction levels were high for both groups across all domains but no significant associations were found between satisfaction and completion of either alcohol or other drug admissions. Most complaints for both groups related to boredom and inactivity. The study highlights the challenges in retaining other drug admissions and the need to identify additional strategies to encourage detoxification completion, as well as confirming the value of consumer feedback in guiding service development.

WWII GI Bill and its Effect on Low Education Levels: Did the World War II GI Bill have an Effect on High School Completion, Poverty, and Employment?

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan D. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
College Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gi Bill ◽  
World War ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Low Education ◽  
The World ◽  
Education Levels

Did the World War II (WWII) GI Bill increase the probability of completing high school and further affect the probability of poverty and employment for the cohorts for whom it benefited? This paper studies whether the GI Bill, one of the largest public financial aid policies for education, affected low education levels in addition to its documented effects on college education, and whether it increased economic well-being for its beneficiaries. I use the 1970 Census and the variation in WWII military participation rate across birth cohorts and states of birth for men. I find that the WWII GI Bill significantly increased the probability of completing high school by 13 percentage points and reduced the probability of being below the poverty line by 4 percentage points for black and white men. It also increased the probability of being employed by 3 percentage points and the number of weeks worked by two weeks.

Black Consciousness and Political Participation: The Missing Link

1981 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Shingles
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
Political Efficacy ◽  
Black Consciousness ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Politically Active

Recent research has demonstrated that black Americans are far more politically active than whites of similar socioeconomic status. The difference has been related to black consciousness. Yet the reasons for this relationship have not been adequately explained. Starting with the work of Gurin and Gamson, this article theorizes that black consciousness contributes to political mistrust and a sense of internal political efficacy which in turn encourages policy-related participation. The relationship between the two attitudes and policy-related behavior is demonstrated to be conditional. The conditions favor blacks more than whites. What I shall call the Gamson-Gurin thesis is supported by data from Verba's and Nie's 1967 survey of the American public. The thesis, and its derivations, prove useful in clarifying the scope and nature of black participation in the American political process as well as helping us to understand how individuals in general select one mode of participation over another and how the choice varies by race and social class.

scholarly journals Women in Islamic Civilisation: Their Rights and Contributions

ICR Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-491
Author(s):  
Elmira Akhmetova
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Leadership Education ◽  
General Survey ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Early Islam ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
The Status ◽  
Status Of Women

This paper provides a general survey of the contributions made by women to science, knowledge and welfare in Islamic civilisation. The paper determines that early Muslims approached Islam and science in a holistic fashion, after adopting an epistemology which maintained a unity between science, technology and spiritual knowledge. The paper also suggests that, in the early age of Islam, women were given positions of trust and high responsibility in the spheres of leadership, education, and science. But, this empowerment of women in early Islam bears little relation to the conditions of women in modern-day Muslim societies, where women often suffer the most in conflict-ridden regions, whether from insecurity, domestic abuse, low education levels or poor medical care. The paper accordingly establishes a direct link between the absence of good governance and issues like gender inequality, the violation of the rights of women, and the current weakness of Muslims in science and technology. Without good governance, the status of women is unlikely to improve. If women’s rights to both a proper education and an occupation continue to be neglected, the equilibrium of Muslim society will be damaged, hindering its ability to produce innovative and passionate minds.

scholarly journals Gender Stereotypes in Occupational Pattern

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Neha Verma
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Employment Patterns ◽  
Patriarchal System ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Men Workers

The paper hypothesizes to examine the ‘Exclusion’ phenomenon for women workers in Indian labour market through gendered occupational segregation and ‘Inclusion’ of women in low productivity and low skilled jobs as a result of adverse incorporation based on stereotypes and discriminatory practices prevalent in the society. The gendered division of work space in Indian economy is evident from the disaggregated study of occupational employment patterns and relative educational qualification of employed men and women. The National Sample Survey (NSS) Employment-Unemployment unit level data (68th Round, 2011-12) is used for the analysis. It is observed that women employment in low productivity jobs is partially a result of their low education level as compared to men workers. However, this is only a part of the answer and the circle of low productivity jobs and low education levels of women is nurtured by the stereotypical foundations of the patriarchal system.

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