Perconditioning and Postconditioning: Current Knowledge, Knowledge Gaps, Barriers to Adoption, and Future Directions

Terebelliformia comprises a large group of sedentary polychaetes which live from the intertidal to the deep sea. The majority live in tubes and are selective deposit feeders. This study synthesises the current knowledge of this group, including their distribution, in the different biogeographic regions. We highlight the new methodologies being used to describe them and the resolution of species complexes occurring in the group. The main aim of this review is to highlight the knowledge gaps and to stimulate research in those directions, which will allow for knowledge of their distribution and abundances to be used by ecologists and managers.

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Panel: Research Sponsors for Cybersecurity Research and the Human Factor

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1071181319631383 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 422-426

Author(s):

Robert S. Gutzwiller ◽

Dan Cosley ◽

Kimberly Ferguson-Walter ◽

Dustin Fraze ◽

Robert Rahmer

Keyword(s):

Human Factor ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

The State ◽

Knowledge Gaps ◽

Future Directions ◽

State Of The Field

A panel of past or current sponsors of human-centered research in cybersecurity. Attendees from industry, government and academia alike who are interested in cybersecurity research will benefit from hearing these panelists describe their experience and their views on the state of the field, current knowledge gaps and future directions for winning proposals.

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Free Fatty Acid Receptors as New Potential Targets in Colorectal Cancer

Current Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1389450120666191112141901 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (14) ◽

pp. 1397-1404

Author(s):

Adrian Bartoszek ◽

Jakub Fichna ◽

Aleksandra Tarasiuk ◽

Agata Binienda ◽

Adam Fabisiak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Future Directions ◽

Screening Programs ◽

Pharmacological Targets ◽

The Family ◽

Free Fatty Acid Receptors

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. In developed countries, its mortality remains high, yet the prevalence has established owing to effective screening programs; however due to the westernization of lifestyle, the incidences in many other countries have increased. Although the treatment of CRC has improved in the last few years, the side effects of these approaches cannot be neglected. Recently, members of the family of free fatty acid receptors (FFARs) have become attractive pharmacological targets in many diseases, including asthma; studies also point to their role in carcinogenesis. Here, we discuss current knowledge and future directions in FFAR research related to CRC. Contradictory results of FFARs modulation may derive from the pleiotropic effects of FFAR ligands, receptor distribution and different signal transduction. Hence, we indicate directions of further studies to fully use the potential of FFARs in CRC.

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Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Uterine Fibroids

Current Molecular Medicine ◽

10.2174/1566524019666191014170912 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 247-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hajra Takala ◽

Qiwei Yang ◽

Ahmed M. Abd El Razek ◽

Mohamed Ali ◽

Ayman Al-Hendy

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Legal Status ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Uterine Fibroids ◽

Future Directions ◽

Working Adults ◽

The Us ◽

Alcohol Related Problems

Lifestyle factors, such as alcohol intake, have placed a substantial burden on public health. Alcohol consumption is increasing globally due to several factors including easy accessibility of this addictive substance besides its legal status and social acceptability. In the US, alcohol is the third leading preventable cause of death (after tobacco, poor diet and physical inactivity) with an estimated 88,000 people dying from alcohol-related causes annually, representing 1 in 10 deaths among working adults. Furthermore, the economic burden of excess drinking costs the US around $249 billion ($191.1 billion related to binge drinking). Although men likely drink more than women do, women are at much higher risk for alcohol-related problems. Alcohol use is also considered to be one of the most common non-communicable diseases, which affects reproductive health. This review article summarizes the current knowledge about alcohol-related pathogenesis of uterine fibroids (UFs) and highlights the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the development of UFs in response to alcohol consumption. Additionally, the effect of alcohol on the levels of various factors that are involved in UFs pathogenesis, such as steroid hormones, growth factors and cytokines, are summarized in this review. Animal studies of deleterious alcohol effect and future directions are discussed as well.

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Current Knowledge and Future Directions for Improving Subsoiling Quality and Reducing Energy Consumption in Conservation Fields

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11070575 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 575

Author(s):

Shangyi Lou ◽

Jin He ◽

Hongwen Li ◽

Qingjie Wang ◽

Caiyun Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

High Energy ◽

Field Application ◽

Research Progress ◽

Monitoring And Control ◽

Future Directions ◽

Tillage Depth ◽

And Control

Subsoiling has been acknowledged worldwide to break compacted hardpan, improve soil permeability and water storage capacity, and promote topsoil deepening and root growth. However, there exist certain factors which limit the wide in-field application of subsoiling machines. Of these factors, the main two are poor subsoiling quality and high energy consumption, especially the undesired tillage depth obtained in the field with cover crops. Based on the analysis of global adoption and benefits of subsoiling technology, and application status of subsoiling machines, this article reviewed the research methods, technical characteristics, and developing trends in five key aspects, including subsoiling shovel design, anti-drag technologies, technologies of tillage depth detection and control, and research on soil mechanical interaction. Combined with the research progress and application requirements of subsoiling machines across the globe, current problems and technical difficulties were analyzed and summarized. Aiming to solve these problems, improve subsoiling quality, and reduce energy consumption, this article proposed future directions for the development of subsoiling machines, including optimizing the soil model in computer simulation, strengthening research on the subsoiling mechanism and comprehensive effect, developing new tillage depth monitoring and control systems, and improving wear-resisting properties of subsoiling shovels.

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COVID-19: a review of current knowledge regarding exposure, quarantine, isolation and other preventive measures

Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease ◽

10.1177/20499361211032039 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 204993612110320

Author(s):

Robert Rosolanka ◽

Andres F. Henao-Martinez ◽

Larissa Pisney ◽

Carlos Franco-Paredes ◽

Martin Krsak

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Clinical Response ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Therapeutic Options ◽

Exposure Control ◽

Knowledge Gaps ◽

Vaccination Strategies ◽

Speed Up

Deeper understanding of the spread, morbidity, fatality, and development of immune response associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is necessary in order to establish an appropriate epidemiological and clinical response. Exposure control represents a key part of the combat against COVID-19, as the effectiveness of current therapeutic options remains partial. Since the preventive measures have not been sufficiently able to slow down this pandemic, in this article we explore some of the pertinent knowledge gaps, while overall looking to effective vaccination strategies as a way out. Early on, such strategies may need to rely on counting the convalescents as protected in order to speed up the immunization of the whole population.

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Knowledge Gaps in Understanding the Etiology of Anemia in Indonesian Adolescents

Food and Nutrition Bulletin ◽

10.1177/0379572120979241 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (1_suppl) ◽

pp. S39-S58

Author(s):

Kesso Gabrielle van Zutphen ◽

Klaus Kraemer ◽

Alida Melse-Boonstra

Keyword(s):

Current Knowledge ◽

Vitamin A Deficiency ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Population Group ◽

Future Research ◽

Folic Acid Deficiency ◽

Knowledge Gaps ◽

Local Conditions ◽

Etiological Factors ◽

Infection And Inflammation

Background: Anemia is a public health problem among adolescents in Indonesia. Strategies to prevent or treat anemia should be tailored to local conditions, taking into account its specific etiology and prevalence in a given setting and population group. Objective: This review aims to (1) identify and synthesize the current knowledge on the etiology of anemia among adolescents in Indonesia, (2) reveal knowledge gaps in this area, and (3) suggest directions for future research and programmatic work. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, and WorldCat databases for peer-reviewed journal articles to identify which etiological factors were related to anemia among Indonesian adolescents. Research papers were reviewed and included in the review according to inclusion criteria. Results: Of 13 studies, 8 showed that anemia was associated with iron deficiency; 4 are suggestive of vitamin A deficiency; and 2 of folic acid deficiency. Five studies underscore different etiological determinants for anemia, such as malaria, protein and energy malnutrition, vitamin B2 deficiency, calcium, and vitamin C deficiency. Based on these findings, we developed a framework on knowledge gaps on the etiology of anemia among adolescents in Indonesia, divided in 3 levels of knowledge: (1) significant knowledge gaps, (2) knowledge gaps, and (3) established knowledge. Conclusions: The knowledge gaps around the etiology of anemia among Indonesian adolescents are significant. Our framework emphasizes the need for further research across all etiological factors, namely inadequate nutritional intake and absorption, genetic hemoglobin disorders, infection and inflammation, and menstrual disorders.

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Fusarium basal rot: profile of an increasingly important disease in Allium spp.

Tropical Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/s40858-021-00421-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dung Le ◽

Kris Audenaert ◽

Geert Haesaert

Keyword(s):

Disease Management ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Future Directions ◽

Basal Rot ◽

Major Constraint ◽

Fusarium Basal Rot ◽

Chemical Pesticides ◽

Important Disease

AbstractFusarium basal rot (FBR) is a soil-borne disease that affects Allium species worldwide. Although FBR has long been recognized as a major constraint to the production of economically important Allium species, information that could support disease management remains scattered. In this review, the current knowledge on the causal agents, symptomology and epidemiology, impact, and management strategies of FBR is synthesized. We highlight that FPR is associated with different complexes of several Fusarium species, of which Fusarium oxysporum and F. proliferatum are the most prevalent. These pathogenic complexes vary in composition and virulence, depending on sites and hosts, which can be challenging for disease management. Research to improve disease management using chemical pesticides, resistance cultivars, biocontrol agents, and cultural practices has achieved both promising results and limitations. Finally, research needs and future directions are proposed for the development of effective FBR management strategies.

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