Measuring Sprawl

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Laidley
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
The United States ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
First Century ◽  
Urban Literature ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Popular Subject ◽  
Housing Outcomes

Sprawl is a popular subject in the urban literature, yet conceptualization and measurement have proven elusive. Projects which focus either on empirical advances in the quantification of urban form or related phenomena like travel behavior are rarely conversant, leading to a fundamental disconnect between operationalizing the concept and modeling its effects. Here, I build on previous work in developing a new index of sprawl and examine changes in urban morphology at the metropolitan level in the United States from 2000 to 2010. I then illustrate face validity by outlining suggestive relationships between the index and associated environmental and housing outcomes, while comparing it with other commonly used measures. I find that sprawl continues into the twenty-first century, and that this proposed measure demonstrates initial face validity with respect to key environmental and housing outcomes. I conclude with a discussion of the results and suggestions for future research.

scholarly journals A Bibliometric Analysis of Dropbox on Scopus Publication

Webology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (SI02) ◽  
pp. 54-78
Author(s):  
Nor Nashrah Azmi ◽  
Azham Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Digital Storage ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Popular Subject ◽  
Online Storage

Having a considered that online storage and sharing has becoming an essential to organised, stay focused and get in sync contents for all team members to enlighten way to work. Dropbox is the world‟s first smart work space which bring content of all team members together whilst letting users use the tool they want. Dropbox was initiated in 2008. Based on the usefulness and benefits of Dropbox, there are many kinds of research has been conducted on this topic. Therefore, this paper aims to analyse the scientific literature and report various types of published documents related to the Dropbox based on the data obtained from the Scopus Database by using Perish software to combine the obtained data, VOS Viewer Software to visualize the obtained data and Microsoft Excel to analysis the obtained data analysis. As of 27thApril 2020, there are 506 documents were retrieved and analysed based on the „key words‟ search result thru database. By using standard bibliometric indicators, this paper reports the documents types, source types, publication years, language of publications, subject area, most active source title, keywords, distribution of publications by countries, authorship, text analysis, most active institutions and citation analysis. As the result show that 1) 81% of the articles were published in conferences proceedings and journals articles. 2) 91% of the articles were published in English. 3) There is an increased growth rate of literature on Dropbox since 1985. However, the growth rate is slightly lower from 2016 until 2018. 4) Computer Science is the most popular subject category with respect to the frequency of citations, Halevi, Harnik, Pinkas and Shulman-Peleg (2011)‟s article appears as the most cited paper with an average of 30.44 citations per year. 5) Keywords of the Digital Storage, Cloud Storages and Cloud Computing were the top three keywords used in the database which represented the main areas of about Dropbox. 6) An analysis by country, The United States (US) is first country published most articles about Dropbox with 138 (27.27%).Meanwhile, 6) a total of 446 (88.14%) articles were published as multi-authored with a mean index of 3.55 authors per paper. Therefore, this research reviews of Dropbox published articles and delivers details of growth of Drop box for these35 years. This may help in potential directions or reference for future research.

Knowledge Transfer Research in Virtual Contexts

2011 ◽  
Vol 474-476 ◽  
pp. 1002-1006
Author(s):  
Bing Wu ◽  
Jun Ge ◽  
Wen Xia Xu
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
The United States ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Group Decision And Negotiation ◽  
Popular Subject

This study is a productivity review on the literature gleaned from SSCI, SCIE databases concerning knowledge transfer research in virtual contexts. The result indicates that the number of literature productions on this topic is still growing in recent years. The main research development country is the United States. And from the analysis of the subject area, communication is the most popular subject, then engineering, multidisciplinary, and management. Concerning source title, group decision and negotiation is in the priority. Moreover the research focuses are mainly theory model and empirical research; these typical references are analyzed in detail, including limitations and future research in this field.

Women, Sports, and Activism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Cooky
Keyword(s):  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Women's Activism ◽  
Women's Sports ◽  
Feminist Activism ◽  
Women’S Sports ◽  
A Site

Unlike other issues that have generated highly visible popular social movements in the United States, gender inequality in sports has not attracted similar levels of attention among U.S. feminist activists. Moreover, sport has not played a significant role in what constitutes the “canon” of feminist writings on activism, and is often overlooked in feminist collections, women’s studies textbooks, and anthologies. This chapter draws upon the scholarship in feminist sport studies to focus on three issues related to women’s activism in sports: sports as a site for women’s advocacy and activism; sports as a site for women’s empowerment; and female athleticism as cultural iconography in discursive articulations of feminist activism and women’s empowerment. The chapter concludes with insights on the potential for intersections between women’s sports advocacy and feminist activism in women’s sports at the turn of the twenty-first century, and offers possible directions for future research.

scholarly journals relationship between urban form and mode choice in US and Mexican cities: A comparative analysis of workers’ commutes

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 441-462
Author(s):  
Erick Guerra ◽  
Meiqing Li
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Logit Models ◽  
Empirical Relationships ◽  
Private Vehicle ◽  
Multinomial Logit Models ◽  
The Us

This paper examines empirical relationships among commuters’ mode choice, metropolitan urban form, and socioeconomic attributes in the 100 largest urban areas in the United States and Mexico. Fitting multinomial logit models to data for more than 5 million commuters and their home urban area, we find several consistent relationships and several important differences in relationships among urban form and travel behavior. In both countries, urban residents living in housing types associated with more centrally located housing in more densely populated urban areas with less roadway are less likely to commute by private vehicle than similar residents in other housing types and other urban areas. In addition to some differences in the strength, significance, and signs of several predictor variables, we find large differences in elasticity estimates across contexts. In particular, the US’s high rates of driving and generally car-friendly urban form mean that even dramatic shifts in urban form or income result in only small predicted changes in the probability of commuting by private vehicle. We conclude that land use and transportation policies likely have a more substantial role in shaping commute patterns in countries like Mexico than in countries like the US.

Refining Evidence-Based Treatments for Late-Life Depression

GeroPsych ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Grace C. Niu ◽  
Patricia A. Arean
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments

The recent increase in the aging population, specifically in the United States, has raised concerns regarding treatment for mental illness among older adults. Late-life depression (LLD) is a complex condition that has become widespread among the aging population. Despite the availability of behavioral interventions and psychotherapies, few depressed older adults actually receive treatment. In this paper we review the research on refining treatments for LLD. We first identify evidence-based treatments (EBTs) for LLD and the problems associated with efficacy and dissemination, then review approaches to conceptualizing mental illness, specifically concepts related to brain plasticity and the Research Domain Criteria (RDoc). Finally, we introduce ENGAGE as a streamlined treatment for LLD and discuss implications for future research.

A Silenced Population

Crisis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Gryglewicz ◽  
Melanie Bozzay ◽  
Brittany Arthur-Jordon ◽  
Gabriela D. Romero ◽  
Melissa Witmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
At Risk Youth ◽  
Peer Relationship ◽  
Student Records ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Method Student

Abstract. Background: Given challenges that exceed the normal developmental requirements of adolescence, deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) youth are believed to be at elevated risk for engaging in suicide-related behavior (SRB). Unfortunately, little is known about the mechanisms that put these youth potentially at risk. Aims: To determine whether peer relationship difficulties are related to increased risk of SRB in DHH youth. Method: Student records (n = 74) were retrieved from an accredited educational center for deaf and blind students in the United States. Results: Peer relationship difficulties were found to be significantly associated with engagement in SRB but not when accounting for depressive symptomatology. Limitations: The restricted sample limits generalizability. Conclusions regarding risk causation cannot be made due to the cross-sectional nature of the study. Conclusion: These results suggest the need for future research that examines the mechanisms of the relationship between peer relationship difficulties, depression, and suicide risk in DHH youth and potential preventive interventions to ameliorate the risks for these at-risk youth.

The “Japanese Turn” in Fine Dining in the United States, 1980–2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Samuel H. Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Further Training ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Wide Acceptance

In the 1970s, Japanese cooks began to appear in the kitchens of nouvelle cuisine chefs in France for further training, with scores more arriving in the next decades. Paul Bocuse, Alain Chapel, Joël Robuchon, and other leading French chefs started visiting Japan to teach, cook, and sample Japanese cuisine, and ten of them eventually opened restaurants there. In the 1980s and 1990s, these chefs' frequent visits to Japan and the steady flow of Japanese stagiaires to French restaurants in Europe and the United States encouraged a series of changes that I am calling the “Japanese turn,” which found chefs at fine-dining establishments in Los Angeles, New York City, and later the San Francisco Bay Area using an ever-widening array of Japanese ingredients, employing Japanese culinary techniques, and adding Japanese dishes to their menus. By the second decade of the twenty-first century, the wide acceptance of not only Japanese ingredients and techniques but also concepts like umami (savory tastiness) and shun (seasonality) suggest that Japanese cuisine is now well known to many American chefs.

Fragments of the American Dream: Immigration, Race, and Medical Care in the Segregated South, 1929

Public Voices ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
John R Phillips
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
American Dream ◽  
Black Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Single Woman ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sunflower County

The cover photograph for this issue of Public Voices was taken sometime in the summer of 1929 (probably June) somewhere in Sunflower County, Mississippi. Very probably the photo was taken in Indianola but, perhaps, it was Ruleville. It is one of three such photos, one of which does have the annotation on the reverse “Ruleville Midwives Club 1929.” The young woman wearing a tie in this and in one of the other photos was Ann Reid Brown, R.N., then a single woman having only arrived in the United States from Scotland a few years before, in 1923. Full disclosure: This commentary on the photo combines professional research interests in public administration and public policy with personal interests—family interests—for that young nurse later married and became the author’s mother. From the scholarly perspective, such photographs have been seen as “instrumental in establishing midwives’ credentials and cultural identity at a key transitional moment in the history of the midwife and of public health” (Keith, Brennan, & Reynolds 2012). There is also deep irony if we see these photographs as being a fragment of the American dream, of a recent immigrant’s hope for and success at achieving that dream; but that fragment of the vision is understood quite differently when we see that she began a hopeful career working with a Black population forcibly segregated by law under the incongruously named “separate but equal” legal doctrine. That doctrine, derived from the United States Supreme Court’s 1896 decision, Plessy v. Ferguson, would remain the foundation for legally enforced segregation throughout the South for another quarter century. The options open to the young, white, immigrant nurse were almost entirely closed off for the population with which she then worked. The remaining parts of this overview are meant to provide the following: (1) some biographical information on the nurse; (2) a description, in so far as we know it, of why she was in Mississippi; and (3) some indication of areas for future research on this and related topics.

Rebranding China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Pu
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
First Century ◽  
Theoretical Argument ◽  
Status Signaling ◽  
Status Seeking ◽  
Military Transformation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Offensive Realism

China plays a variety of status games, sometimes emphasizing its status as an emerging great power and other times highlighting its status as a fragile developing country. The reasons for this are unclear. Drawing on original Chinese sources, social psychological theories, and international relations theories, this book provides a theoretically informed analysis of China’s global rebranding and repositioning in the twenty-first century. Contrary to offensive realism and power transition theory, the book argues that China is not always a status maximizer eager to replace the United States as the new global leader. Differing from most constructivist and psychological studies that focus on the status seeking of rising powers, this study develops a theory of status signaling that combines both rationalist and constructivist insights. The book argues that Chinese leaders face competing pressure from domestic and international audiences to project different images. The book suggests that China’s continual struggle for international status is primarily driven by domestic political calculations. Meanwhile, at the international level, China is concerned about over-recognition of its status for instrumental reasons. The theoretical argument is illustrated through detailed analysis of Chinese foreign policy. Examining major cases such as China’s military transformation, China’s regional diplomacy, and China’s global diplomacy during the 1997 Asian and 2008 global financial crises, this book makes important contributions to international relations theory and Asian studies.

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