scholarly journals Age and Gender Measurement Noninvariance of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Screener

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-413
Author(s):  
K. Anne Zhang ◽  
Kristian E. Markon
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Attentional Deficits ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
And Gender

Objective: The nature and form of demographics-related differences in ADHD self-reported symptoms across adulthood is currently poorly understood. This study explored the psychometrics of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Screener (ASRS-6), including its age- and gender-related measurement invariance. Method: Structural equation models were used to analyze adult data—aged 16 to 95 years—from the 2007 British Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey. Results: The three-factor model (disorganization, inattention, hyperactivity) outperformed one- and two-factor models. Self-reported attentional deficits may be more pathognomonic of overall self-reported ADHD in adults than other symptoms. All items exhibited age measurement noninvariance while only a subset exhibited gender measurement noninvariance. Individuals who are male and younger tend to have lower thresholds for endorsement for ASRS-6 items than individuals who are female and older. Conclusion: The ASRS-6 does not appear to be unidimensional, and self-reported ASRS-6 symptomatology changes in meaning with age.

scholarly journals Relationship between Temperament, Depression, Anxiety, and Hopelessness in Adolescents: A Structural Equation Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Iliceto ◽  
Maurizio Pompili ◽  
David Lester ◽  
Xenia Gonda ◽  
Cinzia Niolu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety State ◽  
School Students ◽  
Two Factors

The purpose of this study was to test the validity of affective temperaments for predicting psychiatric morbidity and suicide risk, using a two-factor model to explain the relationships between temperament, anxiety, depression, and hopelessness. We investigated 210 high school students, 103 males and 107 females, 18-19 years old, who were administered self-report questionnaires to assess temperament (TEMPS-A), depression (BDI-II), anxiety (STAI) and hopelessness (BHS). The final structural model had a good fit with the data, with two factors significantly correlated, the first labeled unstable cyclothymic temperament including Dysthymic/Cyclothymic/Anxious temperament, Irritable temperament and Depression, and the second labeled Demoralization including Anxiety (State/Trait) and Hopelessness. Depression, anxiety and hopelessness are in a complex relationship partly mediated by temperament.

scholarly journals Identity-Related Factors Protect Well-Being Against Stigma for Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming People

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Matthew Doyle ◽  
Christopher T. Begeny ◽  
Manuela Barreto ◽  
Thomas A. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Individual Self

AbstractRelatively little is known about identity-related resilience factors associated with well-being among transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) people. Drawing upon theory on stigma-related stress and resilience and work examining group identification as a buffer against discrimination, the aim of the current study was to model perceived discrimination, transgender identification, and gender identity affirmation as predictors of well-being for TGNC people. We also tested whether the positive association between gender identity affirmation and well-being might be explained by the benefits affirmation has for individual self-concept clarity. Participants were 105 TGNC individuals (42% transgender male, 39% transgender female, 19% other gender non-conforming [e.g., non-binary]) recruited through online forums and support groups in the UK and North America who completed an online survey including self-report measures of key constructs. Results from structural equation models demonstrated that: (1) experiences of discrimination were associated with lower well-being overall, but having a stronger transgender identity moderated this association; (2) after adjustment for discrimination and transgender identification, experiences of gender identity affirmation were independently associated with greater well-being for TGNC people. Secondary analyses demonstrated that gender identity affirmation was linked to well-being through reinforcing a strong, internalized sense of clarity about individual self-concept. Results are discussed in terms of the implications for TGNC health and well-being, particularly with regard to the need for supportive, identity-affirming social environments.

Does marital status and marital status change predict physical health in older adults?

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1313-1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATE M. BENNETT
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Status Change ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Background. Evidence for the effects of marital status and marital status change on physical health is equivocal.Method. Structural equation models examined whether marital status predicted physical health. Six groups were examined simultaneously: married (M); widowed (W); divorced (D); never married (NM); newly widowed (NW); and newly divorced (ND). There were four annual measures (T1–T4). Both NW and ND were married at T1, but had lost their partners by T2. Four physical health variables were examined: Problems, Limitations, Service use, and Self-rated health (SRH). Age and gender were included.Results. Previous health predicted future for all measures and for all groups. However, the specific strengths and time-courses varied between marital status groups and between health measures. The most marked patterns were associated with marital status change. Service use was influenced most strongly by NW, whilst Limitations was influenced by ND. Problems distinguished NW and ND from stable marital status groups but also from each other. SRH was influenced by W and not by recent marital status change. The effects of age and gender were modest and restricted to specific health variables and specific marital statuses.Conclusions. The results demonstrate that marital status and marital status change, in particular, influence health longitudinally. The impact of a change to divorced or to widowed status is not the same. No two health variables responded in the same way, suggesting that marital status has a differential effect on health.

Measuring the Big Five in Self-Report and Other Ratings

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Barbaranelli ◽  
Gian Vittorio Caprara
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Error Variance ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Fit Indexes ◽  
Response Modes

Summary: The aim of the study is to assess the construct validity of two different measures of the Big Five, matching two “response modes” (phrase-questionnaire and list of adjectives) and two sources of information or raters (self-report and other ratings). Two-hundred subjects, equally divided in males and females, were administered the self-report versions of the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ) and the Big Five Observer (BFO), a list of bipolar pairs of adjectives ( Caprara, Barbaranelli, & Borgogni, 1993 , 1994 ). Every subject was rated by six acquaintances, then aggregated by means of the same instruments used for the self-report, but worded in a third-person format. The multitrait-multimethod matrix derived from these measures was then analyzed via Structural Equation Models according to the criteria proposed by Widaman (1985) , Marsh (1989) , and Bagozzi (1994) . In particular, four different models were compared. While the global fit indexes of the models were only moderate, convergent and discriminant validities were clearly supported, and method and error variance were moderate or low.

Age and gender differences in socially aversive (“dark”) personality traits

2021 ◽  
pp. 089020702098843
Author(s):  
Johanna Hartung ◽  
Martina Bader ◽  
Morten Moshagen ◽  
Oliver Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Latent Means

The strong overlap of personality traits discussed under the label of “dark personality” (e.g., psychopathy, spitefulness, moral disengagement) endorses a common framework for socially aversive traits over and beyond the dark triad. Despite the rapidly growing research on socially aversive traits, there is a lack of studies addressing age-associated differences in these traits. In the present study ( N = 12,501), we investigated the structure of the D Factor of Personality across age and gender using local structural equation modeling, thereby expressing the model parameters as a quasi-continuous, nonparametric function of age. Specifically, we evaluated loadings, reliabilities, factor (co-)variances, and means across 35 locally weighted age groups (from 20 to 54 years), separately for females and males. Results indicated that measurement models were highly stable, thereby supporting the conceptualization of the D factor independent of age and gender. Men exhibited uniformly higher latent means than females and all latent means decreased with increasing age. Overall, D and its themes were invariant across age and gender. Therefore, future studies can meaningfully pursue causes of mean differences across age and between genders.

On the Structure of Affect

2021 ◽  
Vol 229 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Wedderhoff ◽  
Timo Gnambs ◽  
Oliver Wedderhoff ◽  
Tanja Burgard ◽  
Michael Bošnjak
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Correlation Matrices ◽  
The World ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Cross National

Abstract. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson et al., 1988 ) is a popular self-report questionnaire that is administered all over the world. Though originally developed to measure two independent factors, different models have been proposed in the literature. Comparisons among alternative models as well as analyses concerning their robustness in cross-national research have left an inconclusive picture. Therefore, the present study evaluates the dimensionality of the PANAS and differences between English and translated versions of the PANAS using a meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach. Correlation matrices from 57 independent samples ( N = 54,043) were pooled across subsamples. For both English and non-English samples, a correlated two-factor model including correlated uniquenesses provided the best fit. However, measurement invariance analyses indicated differences in factor loadings between subsamples. Thus, cross-national application of the PANAS might only be justified if measurement equivalence was explicitly tested for the countries at hand.

scholarly journals Maternal employment and gender role attitudes: dissonance among British men and women in the transition to parenthood

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 514-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Schober ◽  
Jacqueline Scott
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Attitude Change ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Economic Constraints

This study examines how changes in gender role attitudes of couples after childbirth relate to women’s paid work and the type of childcare used. Identifying attitude-practice dissonances matters because how they get resolved influences mothers’ future employment. Previous research examined changes in women’s attitudes and employment, or spouses’ adaptations to each others’ attitudes. This is extended by considering how women and men in couples simultaneously adapt to parenthood in terms of attitude and behavioural changes and by exploring indirect effects of economic constraints. Structural equation models and regression analysis based on the British Household Panel Survey (1991-2007) are applied. The results suggest that less traditional attitudes among women and men are more likely in couples where women’s postnatal labour market participation and the use of formal childcare contradict their traditional prenatal attitudes. Women’s prenatal earnings have an indirect effect on attitude change of both partners through incentives for maternal employment.

scholarly journals Self-esteem, social comparison, and Facebook use

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Bergagna ◽  
Stefano Tartaglia
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Individual Traits ◽  
Facebook Use ◽  
The Individual

Facebook use is very popular among young people, but many open issues remain regarding the individual traits that are antecedents of different behaviours enacted online. This study aimed to investigate whether the relationship between self-esteem and the amount of time on Facebook could be mediated by a tendency towards social comparison. Moreover, three different modalities of Facebook use were distinguished, i.e., social interaction, simulation, and search for relations. Because of gender differences in technology use and social comparison, the mediation models were tested separately for males and females. Data were collected by means of a self-report questionnaire with a sample of 250 undergraduate and graduate Italian students (mean age: 22.18 years). The relations were examined empirically by means of four structural equation models. The results revealed the role of orientation to social comparison in mediating the relations between low self-esteem and some indicators of Facebook use, i.e., daily hours on Facebook and the use of Facebook for simulation. For females, the use of Facebook for social interaction was directly influenced by high self-esteem and indirectly influenced by low self-esteem. Globally, the dimension of social comparison on Facebook emerged as more important for females than for males.

scholarly journals Ship leadership, situation awareness and crew safety behavior - Pre-registered replications in two survey datasets

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn Sætrevik ◽  
Sigurd William Hystad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Self Report ◽  
General Situation ◽  
Safety Behavior ◽  
Cognitive States ◽  
Safety Work ◽  
Subjective Risk

Situation awareness is often assumed to be central for safety work. A self-reported measure can measure context-general situation awareness in large datasets and test its relationships with other variables relevant for safety. A previous study (Sætrevik and Hystad, 2017, Safety Science) found that authentic leadership predicted situation awareness and self-report of committing unsafe actions. Additionally, situation awareness predicted subjective risk assessment and committing unsafe actions. The current study performed pre-registered analyzes that attempted to replicate these effects in two novel survey datasets. Both datasets replicated the associations between situation awareness and unsafe actions, and between situation awareness and subjective risk assessment. The dataset that measured leadership found it to be associated with both situation awareness and unsafe actions. The pre-registered structural equation models explained large amounts of the variance in situation awareness and unsafe actions, and medium to large amounts of the variance in subjective risk assessment. We also tested adjusted models that incorporated more of the measured items and improved the validity of the measures. The study also supports the claim that a crew member’s cognitive states are associated with safety outcomes, and that leadership qualities may facilitate this relationship. This pre-registered replication in two novel datasets demonstrates the reliability of the previously identified relationships.

Abstract MP40: U-shaped Association Of Altitude With Prevalence Of Hypertension Among Tibetan Residents

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Changwei Li ◽  
Ruiyuan Zhang ◽  
Luqi Shen ◽  
Sangzhu Laba
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adherence Rate ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Lower Education Level ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Study Physician

Background: Tibet has a disproportionately higher prevalence of hypertension, compared to other regions of China. This may be related to long-term exposure to the high altitude. The aim of our study is to evaluate associations of altitudes with prevalence of hypertension among residents aged 15 years and older in Tibet, China. Method: A total of 11,407 Tibet residents in the 5 th National Health Services Survey (NHSS) in 2013-2015 were included in this study. Physician diagnosed hypertension was determined based on self-report. County level altitude was identified and assigned to all residents in a county. Association between altitude and hypertension prevalence was assessed by two logistic regression models: model 1 adjusted for age and gender, and model 2 additionally adjusted for marital status, education, smoking, drinking, exercise, distance to a medical institute, area of residency, and body mass index (BMI). Non-linear relationship between altitude and prevalence of hypertension was explored by restricted cubic spline analyses. Sensitivity analysis were performed by restricting residents in rural and/or nomadic areas. Result: The prevalence of self-reported hypertension is 15.7%, the medication adherence rate is 14%, and the control rate is 10.3%. Compared to residents without physician diagnosed hypertension, those with hypertension were closer to a hospital, older, having lower education level, and less likely to be a smoker or live in an urban area. Altitude showed a U shape relationship with the prevalence of hypertension with a turning point at around 3,800 meters. For residents living more than 3,800 meters above sea level, a 1,000 meters increase in altitude was associated with 2.05 (95% confidence interval: 1.62-2.61) times higher odds of having physician diagnosed hypertension, after adjusting for age and gender. When further controlling for all covariates, the OR dropped to 1.87 (1.46-2.41) but still significant. For residents living below the altitude of 3,800 meters, 1000 meters’ increase was associated 0.55 (95% CI: 0.33-0.92) less likelihood of having physician diagnosed hypertension. Conclusion: The burden of self-reported hypertension was high among Tibet residents. Altitude was in a U-shaped association with the prevalence of hypertension with a turning point at around 3,800 meters.

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