Dispatch Priming and the Police Decision to Use Deadly Force

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Deadly Force ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Simulated Environment ◽  
Police Shootings ◽  
Randomized Controlled Experiment

Police shootings have become one of the most “visible and controversial” aspects of the criminal justice system . Yet, very little empirical effort has been devoted to understanding the underlying systemic vulnerabilities that likely contribute to these tragic outcomes. Using a randomized controlled experiment that incorporated a police firearms simulator and 306 active law enforcement officers, this study examined the effects of dispatch priming on an officer’s decision to use deadly force. The findings suggest that officers rely heavily on dispatched information in making the decision to pull the trigger when confronted with an ambiguously armed subject in a simulated environment. When the dispatched information was erroneous, it contributed to a significant increase in shooting errors. The results contribute to a broader understanding of officer decision-making within the context of police shootings and introduce the theoretical concepts of cognitive heuristics and human error to the research on police use of deadly force.

“Engineering Resilience” Into Split-Second Shoot/No Shoot Decisions: The Effect of Muzzle-Position

2020 ◽  
pp. 109861112096068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Deadly Force ◽  
Training Simulator ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Decision Environment ◽  
Randomized Controlled Experiment

The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of engineering resilience into the split-second decision environment police officers face during potential deadly force encounters. Using a randomized controlled experiment that incorporated a police firearms training simulator and 313 active law enforcement officers, this study examined the effects of muzzle-position – where an officer points their weapon – on both officer response time to legitimate threats and the likelihood for misdiagnosis shooting errors when no threat was present. The results demonstrate that officers can significantly improve shoot/no-shoot decision-making without sacrificing a significant amount of time by taking a lower muzzle-position when they are dealing with an ambiguously armed person – a person whose hands are not visible.

scholarly journals ANAK NAKAL: DIVERSI DAN DILEMA PENERAPANNYA

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 418
Author(s):  
Eva Achjani Zulfa
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Criminal Case ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials ◽  
Discourse Management

AbstrakHandling problems through brat children and children who have problems with the law have occurred again when some kids sticking a gamble being arrested at near Soekarno Hatta Airport areas then processed into the judicial process. Diversion is a form of change the process by which a program can only take place on hold pre-adjudication in the criminal justice system. Forms of transfer or diversion of this case are indeed associated with the authority possessed discretion of law enforcement officers. Giddiness has appeared in the process of implementation of diversion by law enforcement officials, the search for forms of application of the criminal case handlingchild has become a growing discourse management. Policy taken toward the institution of criminal diversion not only becomes demand for law enforcement officers, but also must be institutionalized through plain legal mechanisms. It becomes author's concern to create more certain procedures to brighten solve on deviant children in this way

scholarly journals Peranan Kepolisian dalam Penerapan Restorative Justice terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Pengeroyokan yang Dilakukan oleh Anak dan Orang Dewasa

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Haryanto Ginting ◽  
Muazzul Muazzul
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
School Students ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
Law And Justice

<p class="1judul"><em><span>The Role of the Police in the Application of Restorative Justice to Perpetrators of Criminal Offenses Conducted by Children and Adults</span></em></p><p class="1judul"> </p><h1><span lang="EN-US">The rise of cases of brawl between high school students and even not only between high school students, but also has hit up to campuses, this often happens in big cities such as Jakarta, Surabaya, and Medan. This study aims to determine the role of the Police in implementing Restorative Justice against perpetrators of criminal acts of beating carried out by children and adults that occurred in the District of Namo Rambe District of Deli Serdang. The research method is done by using descriptive qualitative method that is normative. Based on the data obtained in the results of this study, the authors draw conclusions as follows: The criminal justice system must always promote the importance of law and justice. But there is a false view that the measure of the success of law enforcement is only marked by the success of bringing a suspect to court and then being sentenced. The measure of success of law enforcement by law enforcement officers should be characterized by the achievement of values of justice in the community. The police as a state tool that plays a role in enforcing the law is expected to be able to respond to this by implementing a Restorative Justice mechanism.<strong></strong></span></h1>

scholarly journals PENDEKATAN RESTORATIF DALAM PENJATUHAN SANKSI TINDAKAN BAGI ANAK YANG BERKONFLIK DENGAN HUKUM

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-143
Author(s):  
Citra
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Character Development ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Law

Children are the next generation of the nation, the existence of children is very important because the child is a potential fate of the nation as well as a mirror attitude of life of the nation in the future. A child who is a superior seed and has the widest hope to prepare for his future as a milestone of success of a nation in the future should not fall in the world of evil. It is unfortunate that children at an early age have been involved in criminal offenses and past their youth behind bars, increasingly contaminated with other inmates. This research was empirical legal research, that is the research on the provisions of the legislation in the national law concerning restorative approach in the imposition of action sanctions against children in conflict with law in order to keep children away from imprisonment and negative stigma in society . Addressing the issue of a child in conflict with the law should be done in a familial approach and avoiding children from prison as much as possible. The sanction of action for the child contained in Article 82 of Law Number 11 of 2012 on Criminal Justice System for Children expected to prevent the child from the negative stigma in society and keep the children from bad effects of prison. Thus the current restorative model of punishment is more applicable in handling child offenders. It is expected that law enforcement officers to pay attention to the provisions of the rules that apply to children in conflict with the law in terms of imposition of more sanctions toward education and character development of children so that the threat of imprisonment becomes the last alternative in imposing sanctions for children

An Empathetic Psychological Perspective of Police Deadly Force Training

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodger E. Broomé
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Deadly Force ◽  
Psychological Perspective ◽  
The Real ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
Psychological Structure

Abstract Police officers must be able to make an accurate appraisal of a lethal encounter and respond with appropriate force to mitigate the threat to their own lives and to the lives of others. Contemporary police deadly force training places the cadet in mock lethal encounters, which are designed to simulate those occurring in the real lives of law enforcement officers. This Reality Base Training (RBT) is designed to provide cadets with experiences that require their reactions to be within the law, policies and procedures, and ethics while undergoing a very stressful, emotional, and physically dynamic situation (Artwohl & Christensen, 1997; Blum, 2000; Grossman, 1996; Miller, 2008; Murray, 2006). Three police cadets provided written accounts of their deadly force training experiences in the RBT format. The descriptive phenomenological psychological method was used to analyze the data and to synthesize a general psychological structure of their experiences. The results reveal the perceptions, thoughts, feelings and behaviors reflecting the role of consciousness and psychological subjectivity in the participants’ understandings and decision-making in the simulated situations.

A Preliminary Assessment of Stigma in Law Enforcement Officers’ Responses to Opioid Overdoses

2020 ◽  
pp. 002204262097407
Author(s):  
Nathan E. Kruis ◽  
Alida V. Merlo
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Multivariable Analyses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Prior work has suggested that provider-based stigma of substance use disorders may be one barrier to fighting the opioid epidemic. However, to date, provider-based stigma has been afforded little attention in the context of the criminal justice system. The goal of the current study was to extend this line of research by examining the impact of provider-based stigma toward opioid using persons to beliefs about help that should be provided to persons experiencing an overdose among a sample of 208 police officers working in departments in the Northeastern Region of the United States. In addition, this study explores the relationship between provider-based stigma and the anticipated on-duty behavioral responses to opioid overdoses. Results from multivariable analyses indicate that certain dimensions of social stigma are significantly related to officers’ perceptions of help in varying directions, along with officers’ experiences with naloxone administration and departmental policy pertaining to the use of naloxone.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Skills of Social Workers in Handling Children in Conflict with Law in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ellya Susilowati
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Community Institutions ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Social Rehabilitation ◽  
And Training

This study aims to examine how the knowledge and skill of Social Workers in handling Children against Law (ABH) in Indonesia. Social Worker is a profession mandated by Law No. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System has some duties, among others, such as assisting the recovery process and changes in Children behavior; giving consideration to law enforcement officers for handling children social rehabilitation; accompany the delivery of Children to their parents, government agencies or community institutions; and approach the community to be willing to accept the children in their social environment. This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive methods for six social workers who carried out tasks in Cianjur regency, West Java. Data collection techniques used interviews, observation and documentation studies. The results indicated that the knowledge and skills of Social Workers in carrying out the tasks of handling ABH still had some limitations, especially in the application of working skills with ABH. The recommendations of this study are: 1) Education and Training Center in the ABH training for Social Workers needs to increase knowledge and skills about social rehabilitation; 2) Children social workers conduct regular discussions and sharing on the competence of social work related to the handling ABH.

Denying Due Process While Promoting Democracy: The Iraqi Detention Story

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
L Amber Brugnoli
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
The Us ◽  
Day To Day Operations ◽  
Professional Conflicts ◽  
Due Process Rights

During times of military occupation following an armed conflict it is not uncommon for the victors to implement mass detention programmes aimed both at providing security and bringing criminals to justice. International human rights regimes serve as overarching guidance for these programmes but are subject to broad interpretations, so it is often unclear what regulations or laws should inform day-to-day operations. Military and civilian lawyers may find themselves practising in a foreign jurisdiction for which they have no training or experience, let alone licensure. Law enforcement officers and military police are forced to adapt long-held practices to a new environment. Questions arise as to the rights that detained individuals possess, as these programmes frequently combine rules from different legal systems with no clear authoritative hierarchy. Attention is focused on the treatment of detained individuals with far less emphasis placed on their due process rights or other fundamental legal freedoms. This article examines one such instance, the US detention programme in Iraq, and highlights the numerous ethical and professional conflicts presented when members of one justice system are transplanted into another without proper preparation and background.

Tinjauan Yuridis Penerapan Sanksi Pidana Penjara Dan Pelatihan Kerja Terhadap Anak Pelaku Tindak Pidana Pencabulan (Studi Putusan Nomor: 78/PID.SUS-ANAK/2019/PN. LBP)”.

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-425
Author(s):  
Syarifuddin Syarifuddin
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Public ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Training Child ◽  
And Training

The purpose of the juvenile criminal justice system is basically to protect the dignity of children, especially the protection of the law in the justice system. Therefore, the juvenile justice system is not only emphasized on imposing sanctions on imprisonment alone, but also on children's responsibilities. The research is descriptive in nature because it only explains about legal arrangements, the application of criminal sanctions, as well as the legal considerations of judges in deciding cases of perpetrators of sexual abuse in the Decision of the Lubuk Pakam Court Number: 78 / Pid.Sus-children / 2019 / PN-Lbp).The application of sanctions which is found in legal arrangements contained in Article 71 to Article 83 of the SPPA Law is imprisonment for 3 (three) years 6 (six) months and job training for 2 (two) months. Judge's legal considerations are based on the age of the child and the potential of the child as the next generation who have knowledge and skills, so it is necessary to be equipped with certain knowledge or skills or expertise in the hope that the child returns to the community based on the judge’s believe. The sustained socialization against law enforcement officers and the public need to do, thereby it can optimize joint commitment in handling children dealing with the law.Keywords: Application of Sanctions, Imprisonment and Training, Child Perpetrators, Sexual Abuse.

Attitudes Toward the Use of Racial/Ethnic Profiling to Prevent Crime and Terrorism

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devon Johnson ◽  
Daniel Brazier ◽  
Katrina Forrest ◽  
Crispin Ketelhut ◽  
Darron Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ethnic Profiling ◽  
Public Approval ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Racial Stereotyping

Research indicates that public approval for the use of racial/ethnic profiling to prevent crime is low. In contrast, recent research and polling data suggest the public is more supportive of the use of racial/ethnic profiling to prevent terrorism. Using a survey-based experiment that varies the context for the use of racial/ethnic profiling (to prevent crime or to prevent terrorism), this study examines whether public approval for the use of racial/ethnic profiling by law enforcement officers differs across context. In addition, multivariate analyses examine whether the factors that are associated with support for the use of profiling, including race of respondent, salience of crime and terrorism, perceived racial bias in the justice system, and racial stereotyping, vary across context.

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