Effect of transmucosal corn syrup application on postoperative blood glucose concentrations in kittens

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather N Cornell ◽  
Stephanie L Shaver ◽  
Danielle N Semick ◽  
Nancy C Bradley ◽  
Rachael E Kreisler
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Corn Syrup ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Surgical Sterilization ◽  
Blood Glucose Reading ◽  
Typical Treatment ◽  
Common Clinical Practice ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

Objectives The aim of the study was to determine the effect of a common clinical practice, the transmucosal (TM) application of corn syrup, on postoperative blood glucose concentrations in kittens. Methods This study was designed as a randomized controlled trial. Seventy-five kittens between the age of 8 and 16 weeks scheduled for surgical sterilization by gonadectomy at an animal shelter were enrolled. Kittens were randomly assigned to either a routine treatment group that received the shelter’s typical postoperative application of corn syrup immediately following gonadectomy or to a control group that did not receive typical treatment. Three blood glucose measurements were obtained per kitten: baseline reading prior to preoperative examination, immediately postoperatively and 20 mins postoperatively. The median values of the 20 min postoperative blood glucose reading for the control and treatment groups were compared using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Results Postoperative application of corn syrup to the oral mucosa of kittens did not result in significant elevations in blood glucose compared with controls. No kitten was hypoglycemic (⩽60 mg/dl) at any point during the study. Conclusions and relevance TM application of corn syrup did not affect postoperative blood glucose concentrations in kittens. Protocols that use routine TM administration of corn syrup in kittens should be re-evaluated.

Capsular closure versus unrepaired interportal capsulotomy after hip arthroscopy in patients with femoroacetabular impingement, results of a patient-blinded randomised controlled trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 112070002110057
Author(s):  
Niels H Bech ◽  
Inger N Sierevelt ◽  
Sheryl de Waard ◽  
Boudijn S H Joling ◽  
Gino M M J Kerkhoffs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Femoroacetabular Impingement ◽  
Hip Arthroscopy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Background: Hip capsular management after hip arthroscopy remains a topic of debate. Most available current literature is of poor quality and are retrospective or cohort studies. As of today, no clear consensus exists on capsular management after hip arthroscopy. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of routine capsular closure versus unrepaired capsulotomy after interportal capsulotomy measured with NRS pain and the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS). Materials and methods: All eligible patients with femoroacetabular impingement who opt for hip arthroscopy ( n = 116) were randomly assigned to one of both treatment groups and were operated by a single surgeon. Postoperative pain was measured with the NRS score weekly the first 12 weeks after surgery. The HAGOS questionnaire was measured at 12 and 52 weeks postoperatively. Results: Baseline characteristics and operation details were comparable between treatment groups. Regarding the NRS pain no significant difference was found between groups at any point the first 12 weeks after surgery ( p = 0.67). Both groups significantly improved after surgery ( p < 0.001). After 3 months follow-up there were no differences between groups for the HAGOS questionnaire except for the domain sport ( p = 0.02) in favour of the control group. After 12 months follow-up there were no differences between both treatment groups on all HAGOS domains ( p  > 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this randomised controlled trial show highest possible evidence that there is no reason for routinely capsular closure after interportal capsulotomy at the end of hip arthroscopy. Trial Registration: This trial was registered at the CCMO Dutch Trial Register: NL55669.048.15.

scholarly journals Randomized, controlled trial of lasmiditan over four migraine attacks: Findings from the CENTURION study

Cephalalgia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Messoud Ashina ◽  
Uwe Reuter ◽  
Timothy Smith ◽  
Judith Krikke-Workel ◽  
Suzanne R Klise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Primary Endpoints ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Secondary Endpoints ◽  
Common Teaes

Background We present findings from the multicenter, double-blind Phase 3 study, CENTURION. This study was designed to assess the efficacy of and consistency of response to lasmiditan in the acute treatment of migraine across four attacks. Methods Patients were randomized 1:1:1 to one of three treatment groups – lasmiditan 200 mg; lasmiditan 100 mg; or a control group that received placebo for three attacks and lasmiditan 50 mg for either the third or fourth attack. The primary endpoints were pain freedom at 2 h (first attack) and pain freedom at 2 h in ≥2/3 attacks. Secondary endpoints included pain relief, sustained pain freedom and disability freedom. Statistical testing used a logistic regression model and graphical methodology to control for multiplicity. Results Overall, 1471 patients treated ≥1 migraine attack with the study drug. Both primary endpoints were met for lasmiditan 100 mg and 200 mg ( p < 0.001). All gated secondary endpoints were met. The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was highest during the first attack. The most common TEAEs with lasmiditan were dizziness, paresthesia, fatigue, and nausea; these were generally mild or moderate in severity. Conclusions These results confirm the early and sustained efficacy of lasmiditan 100 mg and 200 mg and demonstrate consistency of response across multiple attacks. Trial Registration Number: NCT03670810

scholarly journals More “Bank” for the Buck: Microtargeting and Normative Appeals to Increase Social Marketing Efficiency

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander L. Metcalf ◽  
Justin W. Angle ◽  
Conor N. Phelan ◽  
B. Allyson Muth ◽  
James C. Finley
Keyword(s):  
Social Marketing ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
The United States ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Social Marketing Campaign ◽  
Chesapeake Bay Watershed ◽  
Normative Appeals ◽  
Normative Message

Successful conservation in the United States relies on collective stewardship by millions of private landowners, challenging those agencies and nongovernment organizations tasked with engagement and outreach. Perennially limited resources compound this challenge, highlighting a deep need for efficient social marketing. In the following research, we test the efficacy of two social marketing strategies—microtargeting and normative appeals—through a randomized controlled trial of an integrated social marketing campaign targeting riparian landowners in the Pennsylvania portion of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed. We used a microtargeting algorithm to predict landowners’ likelihood of responding to a conservation outreach campaign to create treatment groups of high-likelihood prospects versus random prospects (i.e., no microtargeting). A normative appeal was also included as an experimental factor in the campaign communicating that forested riparian buffer investments were common among similar landowners. Among microtargeted landowners, we observed a 66% increase in response to a riparian restoration survey compared to the control group. Additionally, we found a significant influence of a normative message among random (nonmicrotargeted) prospects, increasing response by 23% over the control group. We conclude conservation outcomes may be more efficiently achieved by deploying these marketing techniques on a wider scale to a variety of conservation challenges.

scholarly journals Vibrator-Assisted Start–Stop Exercises Improve Premature Ejaculation Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1559-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Ventus ◽  
Annika Gunst ◽  
Stefan Arver ◽  
Cecilia Dhejne ◽  
Katarina G. Öberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Premature Ejaculation ◽  
Mindfulness Meditation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Waiting List ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Sexual Distress ◽  
Before And After

AbstractPremature ejaculation (PE) is associated with decreased quality of life, lower confidence and self-esteem, and higher levels of depression, anxiety, and interpersonal difficulties. Here we investigated the effectiveness of vibrator-assisted start–stop exercises for treatment of PE, and whether the treatment effect could be enhanced by an additional psychobehavioral intervention. Fifty participants with a mean age of 41.7 years were included and randomized into two treatment groups and a waiting list control group. Participants were instructed to perform start–stop exercises while stimulating the penis with a purpose-made vibrator, 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Additionally, participants in one of the treatment groups received additional psychoeducation and performed mindfulness meditation-based body scan exercises three times a week. Data were gathered through online questionnaires before and after treatment, as well as 3 and 6 months after treatment. The interventions reduced PE symptoms with large effect sizes (partial η2 = .20 across the three groups, d [95% CI] = 1.05 [.27, 1.82] and 1.07 [.32, 1.82] for treatment groups compared to waiting list control group). The additional psychobehavioral intervention did not further reduce PE symptoms, but did decrease PE-associated negative symptoms such as levels of sexual distress, anxiety, and depression. No side effects were reported. Vibrator-assisted start–stop exercises can be offered as an adequate treatment option for PE.

scholarly journals Treatment outcomes of Class II malocclusion cases treated with miniscrew-anchored Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device: A randomized controlled trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 824-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama Eissa ◽  
Mahmoud El-Shennawy ◽  
Safaa Gaballah ◽  
Ghada El-Meehy ◽  
Tarek El Bialy
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Maxillary Incisor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mandibular Incisor ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the skeletal, dental, and soft tissue effects of the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (FRD) used with miniscrew anchorage and compare them with those of the conventional Forsus FRD. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 38 patients. These patients were randomly allocated into three groups. The 14 patients in group 1 (aged 12.76 ± 1.0 years) were treated with the FRD appliance. In group 2, the 15 patients (aged 12.52 ± 1.12 years) received treatment with FRD using miniscrew anchorage, and the 9 patients in group 3 (aged 12.82 ± 0.9 years) received no treatment as a control group. Linear and angular measurements were made on lateral cephalograms before and immediately after Forsus treatment. Data were analyzed statistically using paired t-, ANOVA, and Tukey tests. Results: Class I molar relationship and overjet correction were achieved in both treatment groups. Although mandibular growth was statistically nonsignificant, there was a significant headgear effect on the maxilla. Mandibular incisor proclination, maxillary incisor retroclination, and distalization of maxillary molars were significant in both treatment groups. However, no significant differences were found between the treatment groups. Conclusions: Class II correction was mainly dentoalveolar in both treatment groups. Use of miniscrews with Forsus did not enhance mandibular forward growth nor prevent labial tipping of the mandibular incisors.

scholarly journals Amisulpride - An Athypical Antipsychotic?

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-341
Author(s):  
Echim George ◽  
Sorina Cucuiet ◽  
Bianca Osz ◽  
Alexandra Grosan ◽  
Gal Zsolt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations ◽  
Different Doses

AbstractAim: the purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of amisulpride at different doses on body weight, glucidic and lipidic metabolism.Material and method: Thirty-six white Wistar rats were treated daily for 9 weeks with amisulpride 1mg/kg and 10mg/kg body weight. Another group received distilled water and served as control group. At the end of the treatment period blood samples were collected and the follow biochemical parameters were determined: serum cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose, GOT, GPT. Body weight gain was also assessed weekly.Results: After treatment with amisulpride in doses of 1mg/kg and 10 mg/kg for a period of nine weeks, weight gains were recorded for both groups compared with the initial weight and the control group. Blood glucose concentrations in the group treated with 1 mg amisulpride/kg body weight were significantly increased (p<0.05 vs control group), but in the group treated with 10 mg/kg body weight glucose levels were not statistically significant increased compared to controls. Other biochemical parameters (cholesterol, triglycerides, GOT, GPT) showed no statistically significant differences compared to control group.Conclusions: amisulpride administered over a period of 9 weeks, in doses of 1mg/kg and 10mg/kg showed a slight increase of body weight regardless of gender, increased blood glucose only when was administered in the low dose, and does not affect lipid metabolism, even though decreased cholesterol and triglycerides levels. This results highlight a real benefit of treatment with amisulpride, comparatively with other athypical antipsychotics.

scholarly journals Evaluation the Effect of Vernonia amygdalina. Del Leaves Ethanol Extract on Blood Sugar and its Synergism with Glibenclamide in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Igwe K ◽  
Ikpeazu O ◽  
Otuokere I
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Glucose Levels

Antidiabetic activity of Vernonia amygdalina and its possible synergism with glibenclamide was checked. Forty eight rats were used for the research, for hypoglycermic study of V. amygdalina alone, they were grouped into five of six rats each. Group 1 was the negative control and was administered distilled water orally. Groups 2, 3, and 4 were the treatment groups which received 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight of the V. amygdalina extract respectively orally by intubation. Group 5 was the positive control group which received a known antidiabetic drug, glibenclamide. Diabetes was induced with alloxan. For the synergism study, another 18 rats grouped into 3 of six rats each was used. Both groups of glibenclamide only and glibenclamide plus V. amygdalina extract were dosed for 14 days orally by intubation, thereafter were sacrificed and blood collected from heart for analysis. There were 5 replicates grouped by weight throughout the study and both single and synergistic studies had the same controls. Effect of V. amygdalina extract was checked on blood glucose and its possible synergism with glibenclamide. All results in treatment groups were compared with the normal control at statistical confidence of p<0.05. Result shows that V. amygdalina extract reduced blood glucose level in the test groups as dose of extract increased. Combination of V. amygdalina with glibenclamide demonstrated further deduction in blood glucose levels in the treatment rats groups. Therefore addition of V. amygdalina into glibenclamide increased efficacy in the diabetic rats. The interaction between V. amygdalina and glibenclamide in this work was additive and therefore synergistic.

scholarly journals Pharmacodynamics Drug Interactions of Metformin with Aspirin and Nifedipine

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khidir A. M. Hassan ◽  
Mahmoud M. E. Mudawi ◽  
Mansour I. Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Diabetic Control Group

Metformin is now being recognized as the standard therapy in T2D patients who are overweight. Metformin has many drug-disease interactions that can increase the risk of metformin-associated lactic acidosis. Therefore this study was conducted to evaluate any possible pharmacodynamic interactions between metformin and drugs used to treat chronic diseases e.g. Hypertension. The rats were fasted overnight before inducing diabetes with streptozotocin. The rats were given an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg kg−1) freshly prepared in 0.1M sodium citrate buffer. The diabetic state was confirmed 72 h after streptozotocin injection. Diabetic rats were grouped into seven groups each group of five rats and distributed among the normal control group diabetic control group and the treatment groups. The treatment continued for 10 days. Blood samples were taken before treatment and after 10 days and analyzed for serum glucose, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides. In the diabetic control group which was given STZ alone the blood glucose level decreased significantly (p &lt; 0.05) after 10 days but still above the hyperglycemic level (200mg/dl). The same was observed in the group treated with metformin. The group treated with nifedipine and aspirin showed significant reduction (p &lt; 0.01) in the glucose level below the hyperglycemic level (200mg/dl). While the groups treated with (Metformin + Nifedipine) and (Metformin +Aspirin) showed highly significant reduction (P&lt;0.001) in blood glucose level. These results conclude that the combination of (metformin +Nifedipine) and the combination of (Metformin + Aspirin) have highly significant hypoglycemic effect. It also showed that Nifedipine has promising role in reducing blood glucose level, lipid profile especially LDL-cholesterol, and body weight.

Effect of Electroacupuncture and Glibenclamide on Blood Glucose Level and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats and Possible Human Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-228
Author(s):  
Babak Ebrahimi ◽  
Fatemeh Forouzanfar ◽  
Hoda Azizi ◽  
Hoda Khoshdel-Sarkarizi ◽  
Hamidreza Sadeghnia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Diabetes Type Ii ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
Better Than

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder with increasing global prevalence. It is characterized by impaired glucose utilization that leads to chronic hyperglycemia which is a result of the body's inability to produce insulin (diabetes type I) or inability to make use of insulin (diabetes type II). Long-term hyperglycemia can cause damage to multiple systems, and microvascular and macrovascular complications lead to myocardial infarction, blindness, stroke and renal failure. Diabetes affected 382 million people globally in 2013, and it is estimated to rise up to 592 million by 2035. In spite of its management, both microvascular and macrovascular complications partly linked to oxidative stress are not efficiently prevented. Glibenclamide was approved on the U. S. market for treatment of diabetes type II in 1984. ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) are widely distributed and present in a number of tissues including muscle, pancreatic beta cells and the brain. Glibenclamide closed KATP channels, which leads to depolarization of the cells and insulin secretion. Acupuncture is also a very significant therapeutic method in the complementary medicine. ST36 (Zusanli), CV4 (Guanyuan) and CV12 (Zhongwan) are several acupoints that have been used for treatment of diabetes. In this study for evaluating the effects of glibenclamide and electroacupuncture, 3 parameters such as malondialdehyde, ferric reducing antioxidant power and thiol will be measured. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is the organic compound and it is a marker for oxidative stress. Antioxidants are compounds that inhibit oxidation. Oxidation is a chemical reaction that can produce free radicals, thereby leading to chain reactions that may damage the cells of organisms. Antioxidants such as FRAP and thiol are useful parameters of assessment of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Electroacupuncture (EA) plus glibenclamide (G) as a novel therapy on diabetic rats and maybe for human. Fifty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided to 9 groups: 1 non-diabetic control group and 8 diabetic groups (1 sham control group and 7 experimental groups; D/G 2.5 mg/kg, D/G 5 mg/kg, D/G 10 mg/kg, EA, D/EA/G 2.5 mg/kg, D/EA/G 5 mg/kg, and D/EA/G 10 mg/kg). Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin with high-fat diet. At the end of course, blood samples were obtained. Combination therapy of EA and glibenclamide 5 mg/kg decreased blood glucose better than single therapies (p<0.05) and showed 41 percent decrease in blood glucose as compared to D/G 5 mg/kg group. Combination of EA and glibenclamide 10 mg/kg showed the best effect for decreasing the malondialdehyde level (p<0.05) and also showed 43 percent decrease in comparison to D/G 10 mg/kg group. Combination of glibenclamide 2.5 mg/kg and EA increased the FRAP level better than other treatment groups (P<0.001) andachieved the ferric reducing antioxidant power level near to normal range. Combination of glibenclamide 10 mg/kg with EA increased the thiol concentration better than other treatment groups (P<0.001) and showed 4 percent increase in thiol concentration as compared to D/G 10 mg/kg group. These findings suggest that EA potentiates the effect of glibenclamide to protect animal model and maybe human against oxidative stress and damage.

Effectiveness of two tobacco cessation methods among TB patients

2022 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
S. Malhotra ◽  
V. Mohanty ◽  
A. Y. Balappanavar ◽  
N. Sharma ◽  
A. Khanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Integrated Intervention ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
And Control

BACKGROUND: Tobacco and TB are the world´s two greatest public health problems. Exposure to tobacco has been shown to be associated with higher risk of acquiring TB and adverse outcomes such as relapse and TB mortality.OBJECTIVE: To assess and compare self-reported tobacco quit status and biochemically verified cotinine levels among TB patients at different time intervals among two study groups.METHODS: A cluster, randomised controlled trial was conducted on TB patients attending DOTS centres in Delhi, India, who reported using tobacco in any form. Participants were assigned into one of two treatment groups. Centres were randomly assigned to two intervention groups: 1) integrated intervention using behavioural counselling with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) gum, and 2) intervention using behavioural counselling alone (50 each in intervention and control group). The subjects were followed at Week 1, Month 1, Month 3 and Month 6 for tobacco cessation.RESULTS: At the end of 6 months, patients who received the integrated intervention had significantly higher rate of success in quitting tobacco than those who received the conventional TB treatment alone (78.7% vs. 57.8%; P < 0.03).CONCLUSION: DOTS with tobacco use dependence treatment was successful in our study in helping TB patients to quit tobacco dependence and should therefore be offered to every tobacco user.

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