scholarly journals Survival and prognostic factors in cats with restrictive cardiomyopathy: a review of 90 cases

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1138-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Locatelli ◽  
Danitza Pradelli ◽  
Giulia Campo ◽  
Ilaria Spalla ◽  
Alice Savarese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Veterinary Clinic ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cox Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Objectives Large studies focusing on restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) in the cat are scarce. The aims of this retrospective study were to describe epidemiological characteristics and to analyse prognostic factors affecting survival in cats with RCM. Methods The clinical archives of the Gran Sasso Veterinary Clinic (Milan, Italy) and of the cardiology unit of the Department of Veterinary Medicine (University of Milan, Italy) from 1997–2015 were reviewed for all cats diagnosed with RCM based on an echocardiographic examination (left atrial/biatrial enlargement, normal left ventricle wall thickness, normal or mildly decreased systolic function and restrictive left ventricle filling pattern with pulsed Doppler echocardiography). Results The study population comprised 90 cats (53 male, 37 female) with an echocardiographic diagnosis of RCM. Most were domestic shorthairs (n = 60) with a mean ± SD age of 10.0 ± 4.3 years and a median weight of 3.8 kg (interquartile range 3.2–5 kg). Most cats were symptomatic (n = 87). The most common clinical sign was respiratory distress (n = 75). Follow-up was available for 60 cats and the median survival time (MST) was 69 days (95% confidence interval [CI] 0–175 days). Cardiac-related death occurred in 50 cats. In the multivariate Cox analysis only respiratory distress showed a statistically significant effect on survival. The cats without respiratory distress showed an MST of 466 days (95% CI 0–1208); cats with respiratory distress showing an MST of 64 days (95% CI 8–120; P = 0.011). Conclusions and relevance RCM can be considered an end-stage condition associated with a poor prognosis, with few cats not showing clinical signs and surviving >1 year. Most cats died of cardiac disease within a very short time.

scholarly journals Visceral Leishmaniasis in Dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalia Saynovich Dutra Silveira ◽  
Eduarda Mariana Mendes ◽  
Marcy Lancia Pereira ◽  
Alexandre De Oliveira Tavela ◽  
Angela Patricia Medeiros Veiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Corneal Edema ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
The State ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Veterinary Clinic ◽  
First Case ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Background: Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a zoonosis of variable clinical presentation, either in systemic or cutaneous form. Clinical signs include anorexia, ophthalmopathies, and chronic kidney disease. In the state of Santa Catarina, the foci are concentrated in the capital and its adjacencies, in the east side of the state. The objective of this study is to outline the first three reported cases of CVL in the municipality of Curitibanos, since there are no reports to date in the region of the mountainous plateau, in the middle west of Santa Catarina.Cases: All dogs were treated at the Veterinary Clinic School of the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Curitibanos. The animals, two males and one female, belonged to the same tutor, resided in Curitibanos, and were attended between 2016 and 2020. In the first case, attended in 2016, the complaint was of eye and skin changes about three months ago. The animal lived in an urban environment and came from Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul. On physical examination, the animal presented skin peeling, wet and crusty lesions, bloody discharge in the ears and nasal hyperkeratosis, as well as signs suggestive of uveitis. In this case, euthanasia was carried out. The second case had complaints of respiratory, eye changes, hyporexia, and polydipsia. The dog was prostrate, dehydrated, with lymphadenomegaly and respiratory disorders, compatible with bacterial pneumonia. Bilateral corneal edema confirmed uveitis. Upon return, the animal remained dehydrated with enlarged lymph nodes. In the aspiration of the lymph nodes, suggestive forms of Leishmania sp. were observed. The recommended confirmatory tests were performed, leading to a definitive diagnosis of CVL. The patient was treated with miltefosine, but later died. The third case was attended for general evaluation after a positive diagnosis for CVL during an epidemiological survey of the second case. The animal was alert, tachycardic, and tachypneic with hyperemic mucous membranes. Miltefosine-based treatment and permanent use of deltamethrin-impregnated collar were prescribed and ovariohysterectomy was carried out. The patient is clinically well. In the search for vectors, in no place or moment of search, referring to the cases, vectors for CVL were found.Discussion: It is suggested that patients 2 and 3 are autochthonous cases, whose transmission form has not been fully elucidated, and vector transmission cannot be ruled out, as well as other less common forms of transmission. For case 1, it is suggested that it is an allochthone case, probably imported from the Uruguaiana region, where the disease is endemic. The conduct of a positive result for CVL is euthanasia, with the exception of dogs that have guardians who wish to perform treatment, but not always possible due to the high cost of miltefosine, the only drug approved for dog therapy in Brazil. In the first case, the owner opted for euthanasia, since in 2016 there was no possibility of treatment. For the last two cases, a treatment cycle was performed as recommended by the guidelines. Regarding the municipality of Curitibanos, in the first case diagnosed in 2016, the animal came from Uruguaiana. In conclusion, this study aimed to report the clinical and epidemiological characteristics related to the first three patients with CVL reported in Curitibanos.

scholarly journals Epidemiological features of brucellosis and factors affecting its treatment failure and relapse in Qom Province, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-212
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Mohammadbeigi ◽  
Abedin Saghafipour ◽  
Amir Hamta ◽  
Salman Khazaei ◽  
Atefeh Maghsoudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Relapse Rate ◽  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Delayed Treatment ◽  
Delayed Initiation ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Background: Brucellosis is one of the major health problems in many areas of the world, especially in the Mediterranean and the Middle East regions.Objective: To determine the epidemiological characteristics, clinical signs, and risk factors of relapse rate in patients with brucellosis, Qom Province, Iran.Methods: A descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 410 confirmed brucellosis cases in Qom Province, central Iran, from 2015 to 2019, based on epidemiological checklists and according to the Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME). Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted using Stata software version 14.Results: The relapse rate of brucellosis was 6.6% until nine months after s arting the treatment, and all recurrent cases were infected by Brucella melitensis. Based on univariate logistic regression analysis, the delayed treatment and type species of Brucella were significant factors affecting the relapse of brucellosis. The relapse rates were 5.4%, 6.2%, and 20.0% in patients whose delayed treatments were <50, 51-150, and >151days, respectively. Based on the multiple logistic regression, it was observed that delayed treatment >50 days increased the rate of relapse more than four times.Conclusion: The delayed initiation of treatment was a significant factor influencing the relapse of brucellosis; therefore, it is necessary to provide enough diagnostic and laboratory facilities, and people need to be educated about the signs and symptoms of the disease.

Health and social problems associated with HIV infection and AIDS in the professional activity of specialists with secondary medical education

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
L. Guseva
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

The article considers urgent problem of modern society – progressive increase in the number of people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Epidemiological characteristics of the pathogen are given, clinical signs of the disease and a modern strategy aimed at reducing the number of infected people are presented. The role of specialists with secondary medical education in the implementation of the Strategy aimed at combating the spread of HIV infection epidemic in the Russian Federation is emphasized.

Mathematical myocardium elasticity properties modeling in echocardiography study of diastolic and systolic function of the left ventricle (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucian Popescu ◽  
Nelu-Mihai Trofenciuc ◽  
Simina Crisan ◽  
Aurora Diana Bordejevic ◽  
Alexandru Mischie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Cardiac Cycle ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Mathematical Approach ◽  
Energetic Approach ◽  
Elasticity Property ◽  
Property Modeling ◽  
Coefficient Of Elasticity ◽  
Mechanical Movement

BACKGROUND A systematic and quantitative comparative analysis for this subject has not been done so far. Thus defined, the coefficient of elasticity is a whole new dimension. OBJECTIVE This study proposes a new mathematical myocardium elasticity property modeling in characterizing of the ventricular diastole and systole. METHODS The study group consisted of 2283 consecutive patients evaluated by echocardiography. The mathematical approach is made starting from energetic consideration, by applying the energy conservation low for the blood entering from left atrium into left ventricle during diastole period. RESULTS Analyzing all the data obtained we developed two brand new coefficients to describe the cardiac cycle and we had verified if the coefficients are correlated with classically used parameters. We consider that the energetic approach take into consideration the whole mechanical movement that is happening inside the heart and can offer a very synthetic and scientific solid view about the cardiac cycle. CONCLUSIONS The new coefficients are simply to be calculated and as you will see from our research the correlation with other classically used parameters is obvious. The direct physical approach of blood flow within the heart can generate new, beneficial perspectives in diagnosing various heart conditions, or even in understanding how works the filling of the ventricles and atria during a heartbeat.

Mathematical myocardium elasticity properties modeling in echocardiography study of diastolic and systolic function of the left ventricle

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucian Popescu ◽  
Adina Ligia Pop-Moldovan ◽  
Nelu-Mihai Trofenciuc ◽  
Maria Puschita
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Systolic Function

scholarly journals Myocardial deformation in patients with a single left ventricle using 2D cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking: a case–control study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Strodka ◽  
Jana Logoteta ◽  
Roman Schuwerk ◽  
Mona Salehi Ravesh ◽  
Dominik Daniel Gabbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Feature Tracking ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Radial Strain ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lv Volumes

AbstractVentricular dysfunction is a well-known complication in single ventricle patients in Fontan circulation. As studies exclusively examining patients with a single left ventricle (SLV) are sparse, we assessed left ventricular (LV) function in SLV patients by using 2D-cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) feature tracking (2D-CMR-FT) and 2D-speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE). 54 SLV patients (11.4, 3.1–38.1 years) and 35 age-matched controls (12.3, 6.3–25.8 years) were included. LV global longitudinal, circumferential and radial strain (GLS, GCS, GRS) and strain rate (GLSR, GCSR, GRSR) were measured using 2D-CMR-FT. LV volumes, ejection fraction (LVEF) and mass were determined from short axis images. 2D-STE was applied in patients to measure peak systolic GLS and GLSR. In a subgroup analysis, we compared double inlet left ventricle (DILV) with tricuspid atresia (TA) patients. The population consisted of 19 DILV patients, 24 TA patients and 11 patients with diverse diagnoses. 52 patients were in NYHA class I and 2 patients were in class II. Most SLV patients had a normal systolic function but median LVEF in patients was lower compared to controls (55.6% vs. 61.2%, p = 0.0001). 2D-CMR-FT demonstrated reduced GLS, GCS and GCSR values in patients compared to controls. LVEF correlated with GS values in patients (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between GLS values from 2D-CMR-FT and 2D-STE in the patient group. LVEF, LV volumes, GS and GSR (from 2D-CMR-FT) were not significantly different between DILV and TA patients. Although most SLV patients had a preserved EF derived by CMR, our results suggest that, LV deformation and function may behave differently in SLV patients compared to healthy subjects.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3554
Author(s):  
Kai Wei Lee ◽  
Sook Fan Yap ◽  
Yun Fong Ngeow ◽  
Munn Sann Lye
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Chest Imaging ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

COVID-19 is a global health emergency. People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) have concerns about whether they have a higher risk of getting the infection and suffer worse COVID-19 outcomes. Findings from studies on these questions have largely been inconsistent. We aimed to determine the epidemiological characteristics, clinical signs and symptoms, blood parameters, and clinical outcomes among PLHIV who contracted COVID-19. Relevant studies were identified through Medline, Cinahl, and PubMed databases. A random-effects model was used in meta-analyses with a 95% confidence interval. Eighty-two studies were included in the systematic review and sixty-seven studies for the meta-analysis. The pooled incidence proportion of COVID-19 among PLHIV was 0.9% (95% CI 0.6%, 1.1%) based on the data from seven cohort studies. Overall, 28.4% were hospitalised, of whom, 2.5% was severe-critical cases and 3.5% needed intensive care. The overall mortality rate was 5.3%. Hypertension was the most commonly reported comorbidity (24.0%). Fever (71.1%) was the most common symptom. Chest imaging demonstrated a wide range of abnormal findings encompassing common changes such as ground glass opacities and consolidation as well as a spectrum of less common abnormalities. Laboratory testing of inflammation markers showed that C-reactive protein, ferritin, and interleukin-6 were frequently elevated, albeit to different extents. Clinical features as well as the results of chest imaging and laboratory testing were similar in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-treated and non-treated patients. PLHIV were not found to be at higher risk for adverse outcomes of COVID-19. Hence, in COVID-19 management, it appears that they can be treated the same way as HIV negative individuals. Nevertheless, as the pandemic situation is rapidly evolving, more evidence may be needed to arrive at definitive recommendations.

scholarly journals Laryngeal stent for acute and chronic respiratory distress in seven dogs with laryngeal paralysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Cecilia Ricart ◽  
Sergio Martín Rodríguez ◽  
Roberto Miguel Duré
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Laryngeal Function ◽  
Laryngeal Stenosis ◽  
Laryngeal Paralysis ◽  
Silicone Stent

Background: Laryngeal paralysis, failure of arytenoid cartilage, and vocal fold abduction are commonly seen in older medium to large breed dogs. Observation of laryngeal function in dogs and cats is performed by transoral visualization. There are a variety of surgical techniques; aspiration pneumonia is the most common complication associated with surgical correction of laryngeal paralysis. The aim of this case series is to report on the placement of a laryngeal silicone stent in seven dogs with laryngeal paralysis and its use as an alternative treatment of respiratory distress caused by laryngeal paralysis and/or its use for laryngeal stenosis as complication of laryngeal paralysis surgery.Case description: Seven dogs presented with either episode of gagging, mild-to-severe inspiratory distress, or cyanosis because of a laryngeal paralysis or laryngeal stenosis. In each case, the laryngeal paralysis was diagnosed by direct laryngoscopy. They were treated with a silicone laryngeal stent (Stening®) that substantially improved the clinical signs. Each dog had a different outcome because of other pathologies; however, the laryngeal pathology was successfully treated with the stent.Conclusion: The placement of the laryngeal stent is an easy technique to learn and practice, it could avoid the lifethreatening complications of the laryngeal paralysis at the acute phase, and it could be a noninvasive and long-term alternative therapy for laryngeal paralysis in dogs. The results in these clinical cases are encouraging for considering the laryngeal stent as a therapeutic alternative. Key words: Canine, Polyneuropathy, Prosthesis, Surgery.

Prognostic factors for development of acute respiratory distress syndrome following traumatic injury – a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 2100857
Author(s):  
Alexandre Tran ◽  
Shannon M. Fernando ◽  
Laurent J. Brochard ◽  
Eddy Fan ◽  
Kenji Inaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Clinical Risk Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Post Traumatic

PurposeTo summarise the prognostic associations between various clinical risk factors and the development of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) following traumatic injury.MethodsWe conducted this review in accordance with the PRISMA and CHARMS guidelines. We searched six databases from inception through December 2020. We included English language studies describing the clinical risk factors associated with the development of post-traumatic ARDS, as defined by either the American-European Consensus Conference or the Berlin definition. We pooled adjusted odds ratios for prognostic factors using the random effects method. We assessed risk of bias using the QUIPS tool and certainty of findings using GRADE methodology.ResultsWe included 39 studies involving 5 350 927 patients. We identified the amount of crystalloid resuscitation as a potentially modifiable prognostic factor associated with the development of post-traumatic ARDS (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.19 for each additional liter of crystalloid administered within first 6 h after injury, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.24, high certainty). Non-modifiable prognostic factors with a moderate or high certainty of association with post-traumatic ARDS included increasing age, non-Hispanic white race, blunt mechanism of injury, presence of head injury, pulmonary contusion, or rib fracture; and increasing chest injury severity.ConclusionWe identified one important modifiable factor, the amount of crystalloid resuscitation within the first 24 h of injury, and several non-modifiable factors associated with development of post-traumatic ARDS. This information should support the judicious use of crystalloid resuscitation in trauma patients and may inform the development of a risk-stratification tools.

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