scholarly journals Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: The role of thalamus

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fioravante Capone ◽  
Sara Collorone ◽  
Rosa Cortese ◽  
Vincenzo Di Lazzaro ◽  
Marcello Moccia
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subcortical Pathway

Fatigue is very common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and is often considered as its most disabling symptom. Over the last 20 years, an increasing number of studies have evaluated the pathogenetic bases of MS-related fatigue. Converging evidence from neurophysiology and neuroimaging research suggests that a dysfunction in a cortico-subcortical pathway, centered on thalamus, is involved in the pathogenesis of fatigue. However, type and significance of such dysfunction remain unknown, and some studies reported an increase in the activity and connectivity within the thalamic network, whereas others suggested its reduction. Hereby, we review the results of neuroimaging studies supporting the different hypotheses about the role of thalamic network in the pathophysiology of MS-related fatigue and discuss limitations and shortcomings of available data, highlighting the key challenges in the field and the directions for future research.

Multiple Sclerosis and Exercise

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert I. Karpatkin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Neurologic Disorders ◽  
Respiratory Training ◽  
Exercise Guidelines

Compared with other neurologic disorders, relatively little literature exists to define or support the role of exercise in MS. This review describes issues relating to exercise in patients with MS, discusses relevant literature, offers exercise guidelines for persons with MS, and suggests topics for future research. Unique aspects of MS that affect physical therapy are addressed, including disease progression, fatigue, and thermosensitivity. Review of the literature includes discussion of strength training, aerobic exercise, and respiratory training. While physical activity was once contraindicated in persons with MS, current literature supports its therapeutic benefits in these patients. More research could be focused on the specific types of exercise appropriate for this patient population.

scholarly journals Pregnancy, sex and hormonal factors in multiple sclerosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H Miller ◽  
Franz Fazekas ◽  
Xavier Montalban ◽  
Stephen C Reingold ◽  
Maria Trojano
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Hormonal Factors ◽  
Disease Mechanisms ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
The Impact

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is influenced by pregnancy, sex and hormonal factors. Objectives: A comprehensive understanding of the role of pregnancy, sex and hormonal factors can provide insights into disease mechanisms, and new therapeutic developments and can provide improved patient care and treatment. Methods: Based on an international conference of experts and a comprehensive PubMed search for publications on these areas in MS, we provide a review of what is known about the impact of these factors on disease demographics, etiology, pathophysiology and clinical course and outcomes. Results and conclusions: Recommendations are provided for counseling and management of people with MS before conception, during pregnancy and after delivery. The use of disease-modifying and symptomatic therapies in pregnancy is problematic and such treatments are normally discontinued. Available knowledge about the impact of treatment on the mother, fetus and newborn is discussed. Recommendations for future research to fill knowledge gaps and clarify inconsistencies in available data are made.

scholarly journals Role of Rehabilitation in Promoting Engagement in Daily Life in Multiple Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 256-262
Author(s):  
Niels Peeters ◽  
Inger Grethe Løyning ◽  
Sofie Ferdinand ◽  
Daphne Kos
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Activity Performance

Abstract The purpose of this narrative review is to define the theoretical constructs of engagement, participation, and balance. The implementation of these constructs in multiple sclerosis (MS) rehabilitation are described because MS symptoms such as fatigue and cognitive decline may affect engagement in daily life. The constructs of engagement and participation can be considered to be different when they are studied. The constructs related to balance are of interest when targeting engagement. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs may have beneficial effects in optimizing engagement. Therefore, the measurement of these constructs is primordial because they give us a deeper understanding of the meaning of activity performance that reflects engagement in daily life. Future research may focus on describing engagement in both men and women at all stages of MS and may explore variables that influence engagement in daily life to integrate engagement optimization in MS rehabilitation. Engagement may have beneficial effects as part of multidisciplinary rehabilitation in MS.

Denial of compensation for patients who developed multiple sclerosis or have existing disease made worse following acute stress or trauma

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 235-248
Author(s):  
Peter Oliver Behan ◽  
Abhijit Chaudhuri ◽  
Simone Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Molecular Medicine ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pathological Feature ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Prevailing View

An important legal question is the role of acute trauma on the central nervous system with stress in precipitating or worsening multiple sclerosis (MS). At present, the prevailing view in neurology is that there is no relationship. We show here that this opinion needs to be reappraised. Medicolegal decisions for compensation in court have hinged on this question, as do the future research and treatment. A critical analysis of highly important but hitherto neglected articles shows the prevailing view to be gravely mistaken. Modern molecular medicine has shown conclusively that trauma and stress (either alone or together) to the central nervous system cause disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Disruption of this BBB, a complex molecular process, is the basic pathological feature of MS and is affected in both trauma and stress. Its further study should lead to a rational mode of therapy and resolve the legal quagmire.

scholarly journals Serotonin: A mediator of the gut–brain axis in multiple sclerosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1144-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsveta S Malinova ◽  
Christine D Dijkstra ◽  
Helga E de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Demyelinating Disorders ◽  
The Brain

Background: The significance of the gut microbiome for the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been established, although the underlying signaling mechanisms of this interaction have not been sufficiently explored. Objectives: We address this point and use serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT))—a microbial-modulated neurotransmitter (NT) as a showcase to demonstrate that NTs regulated by the gut microbiome are potent candidates for mediators of the gut–brain axis in demyelinating disorders. Methods, Results, and Conclusion: Our comprehensive overview of literature provides evidence that 5-HT levels in the gut are controlled by the microbiome, both via secretion and through regulation of metabolites. In addition, we demonstrate that the gut microbiome can influence the formation of the serotonergic system (SS) in the brain. We also show that SS alterations have been related to MS directly—altered expression of 5-HT transporters in central nervous system (CNS) and indirectly—beneficial effects of 5-HT modulating drugs on the course of the disease and higher prevalence of depression in patients with MS. Finally, we discuss briefly the role of other microbiome-modulated NTs such as γ-aminobutyric acid and dopamine in MS to highlight a new direction for future research aiming to relate microbiome-regulated NTs to demyelinating disorders.

scholarly journals Vitamin D and Demyelinating Diseases: Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cady Rodney ◽  
Sherriann Rodney ◽  
Richard M. Millis
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Health Practitioners

Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in all ages regardless of climate or geographical location and evidence is emerging that the incidence of autoimmune diseases is increasing worldwide. Women make up a large proportion of autoimmune disease diagnoses, underscoring the importance of fully elucidating the complex synergistic relationships between estrogens and vitamin D. Vitamin D receptor-activating drugs appear to enhance remyelination in patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) and other demyelinating diseases such as neuromyelitis optica (NMO). This review is intended to update health practitioners about the potential role of vitamin D deficiency demyelination and to motivate future research on dietary recommendations for vitamin D in preventing and treating demyel1nating diseases.

The emerging role of artificial intelligence in multiple sclerosis imaging

2020 ◽  
pp. 135245852096629
Author(s):  
H. M. Rehan Afzal ◽  
Suhuai Luo ◽  
Saadallah Ramadan ◽  
Jeannette Lechner-Scott
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Current State ◽  
Manual Methods ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background: Computer-aided diagnosis can facilitate the early detection and diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) thus enabling earlier interventions and a reduction in long-term MS-related disability. Recent advancements in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) have led to the improvements in the classification, quantification and identification of diagnostic patterns in medical images for a range of diseases, in particular, for MS. Importantly, data generated using AI techniques are analyzed automatically, which compares favourably with labour-intensive and time-consuming manual methods. Objective: The aim of this review is to assist MS researchers to understand current and future developments in the AI-based diagnosis and prognosis of MS. Methods: We will investigate a variety of AI approaches and various classifiers and compare the current state-of-the-art techniques in relation to lesion segmentation/detection and prognosis of disease. After briefly describing the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques commonly used, we will describe AI techniques used for the detection of lesions and MS prognosis. Results: We then evaluate the clinical maturity of these AI techniques in relation to MS. Conclusion: Finally, future research challenges are identified in a bid to encourage further improvements of the methods.

scholarly journals Obesity and Multiple Sclerosis—A Multifaceted Association

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2689
Author(s):  
Thomas-Gabriel Schreiner ◽  
Tudor-Marcel Genes
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Childhood And Adolescent Obesity ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
Inflammatory Component

Background: Given the common elements in the pathophysiological theories that try to explain the appearance and evolution of obesity and multiple sclerosis, the association between the two pathologies has become an increasingly researched topic in recent years. On the one hand, there is the chronic demyelinating inflammation caused by the autoimmune cascade of multiple sclerosis, while on the other hand, according to the latest research, it has been shown that obesity shares an inflammatory component with most chronic diseases. Methods: The authors performed independent research of the available literature in the most important electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Science Direct) in February 2021. After applying the exclusion criteria, the reviewers focused on the most relevant articles published during the last 10 years with respect to epidemiology and pathophysiology. Results: The data presented are a step forward in trying to elucidate the intricate relationship between obesity and MS, especially the causal relationship between childhood and adolescent obesity and MS, focusing on the epidemiological associations observed in the most relevant observational studies conducted in recent years. In the second part, the authors comment on the latest findings related to the pathophysiological mechanisms that may explain the correlations between obesity and multiple sclerosis, focusing also on the role of adipokines. Conclusions: Based on available epidemiological data, obesity in early life appears to be strongly associated with a higher risk of MS development, independent of other risk factors. Although much research has been done on the pathophysiology of obesity, MS, their possible common mechanism, and the role of adipokines, further studies are needed in order to explain what remains unknown. No relevant data were found regarding the association between obesity, disability (high EDSS score), and mortality risk in MS patients. Thus, we consider that this topic should be elucidated in future research.

Coping Humor as a Mediator Between Emotional Intelligence and Job Satisfaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peizhen Sun ◽  
Jennifer J. Chen ◽  
Hongyan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Primary School Teachers ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Regulation Of Emotion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Overall Job Satisfaction

Abstract. This study investigated the mediating role of coping humor in the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and job satisfaction. Participants were 398 primary school teachers in China, who completed the Wong Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, Coping Humor Scale, and Overall Job Satisfaction Scale. Results showed that coping humor was a significant mediator between EI and job satisfaction. A further examination revealed, however, that coping humor only mediated two sub-dimensions of EI (use of emotion and regulation of emotion) and job satisfaction. Implications for future research and limitations of the study are discussed.

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