scholarly journals High anti-JCPyV serum titers coincide with high CSF cell counts in RRMS patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 135245852097010
Author(s):  
Tilman Schneider-Hohendorf ◽  
Andreas Schulte-Mecklenbeck ◽  
Patrick Ostkamp ◽  
Claudia Janoschka ◽  
Marc Pawlitzki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cell Subset ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Cell Recruitment ◽  
Viral Activity ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Natalizumab Treatment ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Immune Cell Recruitment

Background: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) can in rare cases occur in natalizumab-treated patients with high serum anti-JCPyV antibodies, hypothetically due to excessive blockade of immune cell migration. Objective: Immune cell recruitment to the central nervous system (CNS) was assessed in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients stratified by low versus high anti-JCPyV antibody titers as indicator for PML risk. Methods: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell counts of 145 RRMS patients were quantified by flow cytometry. Generalized linear models were employed to assess influence of age, sex, disease duration, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), clinical/radiological activity, current steroid or natalizumab treatment, as well as anti-JCPyV serology on CSF cell subset counts. Results: While clinical/radiological activity was associated with increased CD4, natural killer (NK), B and plasma cell counts, natalizumab therapy reduced all subpopulations except monocytes. With and without natalizumab therapy, patients with high anti-JCPyV serum titers presented with increased CSF T-cell counts compared to patients with low anti-JCPyV serum titers. In contrast, PML patients assessed before ( n = 2) or at diagnosis ( n = 5) presented with comparably low CD8 and B-cell counts, which increased after plasma exchange ( n = 4). Conclusion: High anti-JCPyV indices, which could be indicative of increased viral activity, are associated with elevated immune cell recruitment to the CNS. Its excessive impairment in conjunction with viral activity could predispose for PML development.

scholarly journals A Missing Link: Engagements of Dendritic Cells in the Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1118
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz Alamri ◽  
Derek Fisk ◽  
Deepak Upreti ◽  
Sam K. P. Kung
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Cell Recruitment ◽  
Cross Presentation ◽  
Cell Immunity ◽  
Immune Cell Recruitment

Dendritic cells (DC) connect the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system and carry out numerous roles that are significant in the context of viral disease. Their functions include the control of inflammatory responses, the promotion of tolerance, cross-presentation, immune cell recruitment and the production of antiviral cytokines. Based primarily on the available literature that characterizes the behaviour of many DC subsets during Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we speculated possible mechanisms through which DC could contribute to COVID-19 immune responses, such as dissemination of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to lymph nodes, mounting dysfunctional inteferon responses and T cell immunity in patients. We highlighted gaps of knowledge in our understanding of DC in COVID-19 pathogenesis and discussed current pre-clinical development of therapies for COVID-19.

scholarly journals Interleukin-17D and Nrf2 mediate initial innate immune cell recruitment and restrict MCMV infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Seelige ◽  
Robert Saddawi-Konefka ◽  
Nicholas M. Adams ◽  
Gaëlle Picarda ◽  
Joseph C. Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cell ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Cell ◽  
Mcmv Infection ◽  
Cell Recruitment ◽  
Immune Cell Recruitment

scholarly journals Non-Coding RNAs in COVID-19: Emerging Insights and Current Questions

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Tobias Plowman ◽  
Dimitris Lagos
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Cell Recruitment ◽  
Vascular Dysregulation ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Immune Cell Recruitment

The highly infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged as the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in late 2019, igniting an unprecedented pandemic. A mechanistic picture characterising the acute immunopathological disease in severe COVID-19 is developing. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) constitute the transcribed but un-translated portion of the genome and, until recent decades, have been undiscovered or overlooked. A growing body of research continues to demonstrate their interconnected involvement in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 development by regulating several of its pathological hallmarks: cytokine storm syndrome, haemostatic alterations, immune cell recruitment, and vascular dysregulation. There is also keen interest in exploring the possibility of host–virus RNA–RNA and RNA–RBP interactions. Here, we discuss and evaluate evidence demonstrating the involvement of short and long ncRNAs in COVID-19 and use this information to propose hypotheses for future mechanistic and clinical studies.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Cells Hold the Key to Immune Cell Recruitment to and Migration within Melanoma

2013 ◽  
Vol 133 (9) ◽  
pp. 2138-2140
Author(s):  
Kimberley A. Beaumont ◽  
Marcia A. Munoz ◽  
Wolfgang Weninger
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Cells ◽  
Cell Recruitment ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Immune Cell Recruitment

Canephron N reduced immune cell recruitment in experimental cystitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e230-e231 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Nausch ◽  
J. Röhrl ◽  
A. Koeberle ◽  
U. Harler ◽  
M. Joannidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cell Recruitment ◽  
Immune Cell Recruitment
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