Determining the reliability and validity of online reputation databases for lodging

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Rodríguez Díaz ◽  
Tomás F Espino Rodríguez

Online reputation is a strategic factor in determining the competitiveness and marketing capacity of lodging companies. The influence of online opinions on customers’ decisions is increasing, and, consequently, the online reputation is a new marketing tool to capture clients and reach sales objectives in the lodging industry. In this context, the reliability and validity of customer evaluations available on websites is an essential key to competing in a tourism market influenced by the development of the Internet. The objective of this study is to analyze three of the most important online reputation websites in tourism in order to establish the reliability and validity of the scales used in customer reviews. The results demonstrated that the three websites analyzed fulfill the conventional statistical criteria of reliability and validity. However, a new type of validity is formulated in this study in order to test the capacity of the scales to determine the similarities or differences between tourism goods and services. Nonparametric tests were carried out, demonstrating that although the three websites meet the conventional statistic criteria of reliability and validity, only Booking.com has the capacity to differentiate between destinations.

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Dai ◽  
Qiao Li

ABSTRACT Each year, governments around the world spend billions of dollars purchasing a wide variety of goods and services. These governments must spend their money wisely in order to eliminate fraud, waste, and abuse of taxpayer dollars. Although government contracting systems are supposed to be transparent, people may still take advantage of these systems to gain benefits, which leads to high-risk contracts and, sometimes, costly government frauds. Recently, governments in some countries have started open data initiatives in order to make government operations more transparent to their citizens. With the open data, a new type of auditor, called an armchair auditor, could play an important role in monitoring government spending. An armchair auditor could be anyone who has an interest in government expenditures and who usually uses technologies to perform analyses on open data. Few studies have discussed how armchair auditors can better use the open data and what data analytics tools could be applied. To that end, this paper proposes a list of audit apps that could assist armchair auditors in analyzing open government procurement data. These apps could help investigate procurement data from different perspectives, such as validating contractor qualification, detecting defective pricing, etc. This paper uses Brazilian federal government procurement contract data to illustrate the functionality of these apps; however, the apps could be applied to open government data in a variety of other nations.


2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Petras Lickus

The paper deals with the activity of Lithuanian mobile communications operators in the context of two-sided market. One knows that value of goods and services grows with an increasing number of people using them. There are products that are used in conjunction with other products at the same time. The latter, when used alone, are almost worthless. Buyers who use these products make up networks. In these networks user utility grows logging in new users. The market characterized by this feature is called a network market and its positive effect of consumption is network externality. Network externality is the situation when consumer utility by good consumption increases with the number of other agents consuming the good or in other words network externality is the increase of net value of action resulting from the growth of the same number of users performing that action. In economic literature generally considered products where network externality can occur are: fax machines, telecommunication networks, credit cards, computer hardware and software, etc. There are two types of network externality: direct and indirect. The direct network externality is generated by the consumption of the same product. The indirect network externality occurs when product value is added by a growing number of substitutions. A good example of this kind is computers and their software. This effect is often called a hardware-software paradigm. The indirect network externality is related to minimum two markets. One, that is exposed to influence and the other (or others) that exposes. In economic literature it is possible to find the term cross-network externality. It is argued that this externality occurs between mobile calls and cellphone sales in the context of two-sided market. One side is cellphone calls and the other is cellphones. It is argued that the profit decline on the cost of subsidizing cellphones is offsetted by an increase in profits from sales of calls. So, this method helps to increase the demand for cellphone calls. This article presents the theoretical model of a two-sided market in a mobile communications area. The conditions of subsidization that is used in order to increase net profit are determined. The research of Lithuanian mobile calls demand is made. The main data sources of the study are reports on the electronic communications sector released by The Communications Regulatory Authority of the Republic of Lithuania (data concerning subscribers, calls’ prices and quantities) and United States Department of commerce Bureau of Economic Analysis (relates to price index of computers and peripherals). The main results of this estimation are introduced. The study shows that mobile calls’ demand does not depend on the sales of cellphones and that subsidization of cellphones does not stimulate the sales of mobile calls. Lithuanian operators use this subsidization only as a marketing tool in order to acquire bigger market share.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.23.1.1225


2020 ◽  
pp. 178-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Terskikh

The article is devoted to the study of the features of the social network Instagram as a communication platform for positioning and promoting goods and services, forming a personal brand. The relevance of the study is determined by a number of factors. The decrease in the popularity and effectiveness of traditional advertising tools and public relations, on the one hand, the growing popularity of various social networks as a modern marketing tool, the high level of involvement of the social media audience, the increasing orientation towards visual content while maintaining the importance of SMM text, on the other hand, has turned Instagram into the space of various marketing innovations and an interesting object of study. The author considers the main forms of information transmission offered by Instagram (post-publications, stories, live broadcasts, IGTV format), as well as the main types of positioning content, which ensures high audience engagement and the effectiveness of selling texts. Special attention is paid to the role of visual content. The advantages of non-verbal presentation of information, the specifics of interaction with the verbal component of the SMM text are considered. The material for the study was the polycode texts of a successfully developing, offering a variety of selling content for the Instagram account of the clothing brand 12Storeez (publications from 2019-2020 were considered). As a result of the analysis, the author identifies the main features of the modern SMM text, forms and functions of the most common types of content.


2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Mariyam

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>The industrial revolution 4.0 has influenced businesses in the field of trade in goods and services. In the trade of services, a new type of online rental service / taxi has emerged. Special leased transportation is a door-to-door transportation service with drivers who have operational areas in urban areas, from airports to airports, ports or other transportation nodes and reservations using information technology-based applications, with the tariff rates listed in the application. The implementation of this special rental transportation is based on the Regulation of the Minister of Transportation Number 118 of 2018 concerning the Implementation of Special Rental Transportation. To provide legal certainty on aspects of safety, security, comfort, equality, afford ability, and regularity for the community over the implementation of special rental transportation, and to support development to realize public welfare as mandated by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. </span></p></div></div></div>


In today's world, people go online not only for entertainment, but also to study, shop, search for the necessary information and more. And social networks are approaching a giant like Google every year in terms of number of users and frequency of using.Therefore, almost all entrepreneurs have their own page on social networks, which are an ideal platform for promoting their products and services. Over the past 10 years, a new Internet marketing tool has appeared that specializes in promoting and doing business on social networks – SMM (Social Media Marketing). And here it is especially important to build a quality and effective strategy that will make social networks a quality image and sales channel of any goods and services. The subject of the article is a marketing strategy for development and promotion in social networks.The purpose of the article is to develop the applied principlesof an innovative strategy for narrowing the niche for promotion in social networks according to the features and means of its implementation for various business projects, brands and blogs. General scientific methods are used, such as systems analysis, synthesis and abstract-logical – to clarify the features of the blogs in each niche, which work on the strategy of narrowing the niche; analysis of Facebook for Business algorithms – to determine the impact of such a strategy on the further effectiveness of targeted advertising and the allocation of a unique trade offer due to the strategy of narrowing the niche.The following results were obtained: ways of implementing a niche narrowing strategy for various blogs, brands and business projects were developed and demonstrated, their effectiveness was proved. Conclusions: the practical principles of implementing an innovative strategy for narrowing the niche for social networks, which can be used for various business projects, brands and blogs, described the possibilities of implementing this strategy according to their features and tools, highlighted the main advantages of this strategy for rapid development of social networks.


Author(s):  
Konstantin Konstantinovich Pozdnyakov

The strategic factor for economic growth of the Russian regions is the activation of innovative processes. The problem of increasing innovative activity has been particularly acute in recent years due to the unfolding crisis and extended restrictions on the budget expenditures. The goal of this article consists in the analysis of indicators of innovative activity, and assessment of the impact of budget investments in fixed capital upon the indicators of innovative process in the Central Black Earth Region. The analysis employs the available statistical data on financing of investment processes and results of innovative activity in the Russian Federation, Central Federal District, and Central Black Earth Region. The research relies on the system approach, economic-statistical, logical and expert methods of analysis. The conducted analysis reveals the insufficient level of innovative development in all six zones of the Central Black Earth Region. The innovative processes in the Central Black Earth Region are characterized by low output of innovative products and investment in research and development. The dynamics of innovative processes in the region is of differential nature. There are substantial interregional differences in the indicator values of the expenditures for research and development, and innovation activity, as well as the volatility of indicators of production of innovative goods and services. The clear outsider in the Central Black Earth Region in the Oryol Oblast. The author formulates recommendations that can be used by the authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in elaboration of state support measures for innovative activity in the Central Black Earth Region aimed at acceleration of their economic development.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (54) ◽  
pp. 167-181
Author(s):  
Valentyna Feshchenko ◽  

Significant opportunities, a wide choice and saturation of the market with goods and services make it difficult for consumers to make decisions about buying certain goods. Companies, experiencing high competition, actively use all possible approaches and methods of marketing. Often consumers do not rely on rational factors, but on their own subconscious motivations caused by marketing incentives. Therefore, companies pay considerable attention to research into consumer behavior and tastes to bring the end consumer closer to the product, convincing him of the need for its consumption. Most domestic companies continue to use the tools of classical marketing, despite the emergence of innovative methods of promotion. Traditional marketing research yields results that can be ineffective and deviate significantly from reality, so companies are beginning to look for alternative ways to study consumer behavior. One of the modern directions of research on consumer behavior is neuromarketing, whose methods exacerbate the problem of ethics of neuroscience. The purpose of this article is to analyze the possibilities of neuromarketing tools to study consumer behavior and determine the ethical aspects of the use of neuromarketing in today's market conditions. This goal involves the following tasks: 1) to reveal the relevance of the use of neuromarketing; 2) define the concept of neuromarketing and its types; 3) compare traditional marketing research and neuromarketing; 4) define the concept of neuroethics; 5) consider the problems of neuroethics in marketing; 6) consider the role of the code of ethics on the example of the NMSBA Code of Ethics; 7) identify solutions to ethical problems of neuromarketing. It has been found that neuromarketing is a promising marketing tool because it provides new information that cannot be obtained through traditional marketing research. It uses neurobiology to identify consumers’ subconscious decision-making processes and to understand the true stimuli for their behavior. Neuromarketologists conduct research to determine consumer actions that occur under the influence of their feelings, thoughts, and subconscious processes. Therefore, neuromarketing makes it possible to increase the value of products for consumers and society, provided that it simplifies the relationship between consumers and products. Unlike traditional marketing research, neuromarketing research allows to obtain results with smaller deviations from reality due to the ability to study consumers’ subconscious processes. Brain research for medical and commercial purposes involves the need to study ethical, legal and social issues and consequences that may arise in the research process. These questions are studied by a science called neuroethics. The most common ethical problems of neuromarketing are autonomy, informed consent, consumer confidentiality, and privacy. But if you follow the rules of the code of ethics, the use of these tools can be more effective.


2020 ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Fajrin Intan Safitri ◽  
Atika Rukminastiti Masrifah

In the Islamic economic structure, zakat has been introduced as the main instrument. In the development of the Islamic monetary policy in particular with regard to the amount of money, zakat becomes necessary to investigate its impact. The study focuses in Java, using 200 Muzakki. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is adopted to examine the relationship among the seven constructs i.e., Social Values, The Rate of PLS, State, Regulation, Goods and Services, Consumption and Money Demand. While the reliability and validity were established, the structural relationship between the constructs reveals that the integrated money demand model has a strong relationship with the social value in many ways. In relation with goods and services, social value has its significant role to assist the amount of consumption to realize developed money demand model. Islamic social values significantly influence each of good and services as well as money demand model. People will increase the motive for holding money if he wishes to donate some for social purposes. In general, if the people are prosperous, the money demand will increase. Specifically, the result shows several constructs have significant impact in promoting money demand model in Islamic perspective. This suggests that the model as well as the instrument should be further implemented in Islamic money demand.


2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam W. Meade ◽  
Gabriel Pappalardo ◽  
Phillip W. Braddy ◽  
John W. Fleenor

While rating-scale-based assessments have been shown to be useful for measuring a variety of workplace-relevant constructs, assessment length and response distortion present practical limitations on their use. We describe a new type of measurement method termed rapid response measurement (RRM) in which stimuli are presented on a computer screen one at a time in rapid succession and respondents are asked to quickly provide a dichotomous response. Two personality assessments using RRM were developed and reliability and validity evidence across four independent samples were evaluated. Both RRM assessments showed adequate reliability, even at short test lengths, with acceptable levels of convergent and discriminant validity with traditional survey-based measures. Analyses based on a within-participants design indicated that the RRM was significantly more difficult to fake when instructed than was a survey-based measure of personality. The second RRM was related to several aspects of job performance. While initial results show promise, further research is needed to establish the validity and viability of the RRM for organizational and psychological measurement.


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