New Radiance in the Tricolour — Changes in French Drinking Patterns

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 275-279
Author(s):  
Leena Warsell
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Health Statistics ◽  
Absolute Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Advertising ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Common ◽  
Per Capita

During the past fifteen years the alcohol culture in France has undergone remarkable changes. The French, for whom a meal without wine is no meal, have decreased their alcohol consumption from about 20 to 11.9 liters (absolute alcohol per capita). This has been a trend in all age groups, although most markedly among those under thirty-five. The common denominator has been “less, but better”, which means quality wines and imported spirits. The effect of this “drying” can be seen in the health statistics, which show, for example, that the frequency of cirrhosis has decreased by one-half, due to less heavy consumption. The drinking trend is reflected also in attitudes toward alcohol advertising: the new French law on alcohol advertising is said to be the strictest in Europe. France played an active role in formulating the health policy in the Treaty of Maastricht — perhaps a sign of French aspirations to be a model, also in this respect, for all Europe.

Container System Design Developments Over Two Decades

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 364-376
Author(s):  
L. A. Harlander
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Strength Criteria ◽  
The Past ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Design Loads ◽  
Speed Stability ◽  
The Common ◽  
Gantry Cranes

This paper reviews the progress made over the past 20 years in the design and handling of containers. Factors influencing present container dimensions and strength criteria are discussed, as well as the crucial activity to establish container standardization. The container itself—"the common denominator"—is addressed from the viewpoint of its fittings, design loads and construction materials; and the containership from the viewpoint of arrangements, size, speed, stability, stowage and economics. The author offers several conclusions following the last two sections of the paper, which cover the remaining components of the system, namely, the shoreside gantry cranes and terminal facilities.

PERSONAL AND INSTITUTIONAL PREMISES OF THE IGS HOUSING AND SETTLEMENT RESEARCH IN THE YEARS 1920–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 564 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Maciej Cesarski
Keyword(s):  
Living Conditions ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Intergenerational Justice ◽  
Housing Situation ◽  
Structural Trend ◽  
The Past ◽  
Settlement Structure ◽  
The Common ◽  
Scientific Ideas

The aim of the article is to indicate the personal and institutional reasons for IGS’s pursuit of housing and settlement issues in the period 1920–2020. The facts presented in the article prove the important role of these premises in the activities of IGS. They indicate two distinct trends in housing and settlement research, often manifested in the achievements of the same researchers. The first is the „photographic” trend based on the method of induction, deciphering the housing and settlement issue with surveys of the questionnaire and memoirs, which constitute an important element of investigations into the living conditions of selected groups of the population. The second – the „process-structural” trend that tries to look in a more deductive and reductive way, confronting the past with scientific ideas about an unrecognizable future, especially the more distant one. An example of the possibilities inherent in the processes of convergence of the „photographic” and „process-structural” trends are studies of the housing situation of seniors extended to the problems of more distant in terms of spatial availability of infrastructure elements and the settlement structure that define the inhabited space. This requires further research with the common denominator of intergenerational justice

scholarly journals Transfer of Sport Heritage in the Formation of a Sustainable Sport Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Sevda Korkmaz
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
Search Method ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
Sport Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

Sustainability, which points to the common denominator of the countries in the fields of environment, economy and society, etc., ensures that the expectations of a better life are met in this common denominator. Sustainability plays a role in sustaining the existence of cultural systems through its social dimension. In a cultural system, due to its structure which influences and is influenced by culture, sport reflects the characteristics of the society in which it is done, and thus, it is one of the elements that make up the culture. It is only with this transfer that the culture which has been progressing with the accumulation and transferred from the past to the present is transferred to the new generations. In other words, sustainability of culture is possible by transference. As with other elements of culture, the transfer of sport heritage to the next generations is of great importance for the sustainability of sport culture. Sport museums, as the areas where the sport heritage, starting to form with the history of humanity, are presented to the society, play an important role in creating a sustainable sport culture. The aim of this article is to examine and analyze the meaning of place and existence of heritage transfer in the sustainable development of sport culture through sport museums by literature search method.

scholarly journals Prospects for Children’s Height in Japan and South Korea: Perspective from Food Consumption

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Mori*
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Past Half

In the past half century, children in Japan and South Korea grew rapidly in height by 2 cm per decade. Children in Japan ceased to grow any taller in the mid-1990s, whereas Korean peers kept growing and overtook the Japanese 3 cm in the mid-2000s and then stopped. In the 1990s, when Koreans caught-up the Japanese in height, per capita caloric supply from animal products in Korea was 150 kcal/day less than in Japan. When Korean children stopped growing in height in the mid-2000s, per capita supply of animal products was still rising. Household Expenditure Surveys classified by age groups of household head were decomposed to demonstrate that children and younger people in Korea started to turn away from vegetables in the early-1990s, and by the end-2010s they ate less than 10% of the vegetables eaten by those aged 50. Similarly, two decades before Japanese height stopped increasing in the early 1990s, the young people started to turn away from fresh fruit. Vegetables/fruit may be essential nutrients to support animal protein intake in human metabolism. Judging from the fact that 1st graders in primary school in Korea declined in mean height by 1.5 cm from 2008 to 2017 and that boys’ height increment from 12 to 17 years of age fell drastically from 18.9 cm in 2005 to 15.5 cm in 2015, it looks as though young people in South Korea will decline in mean height by 1-2 cm in the foreseeable future.

Hotspots in Psychology – 2020 Edition

2020 ◽  
Vol 228 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Michael Bošnjak ◽  
Nadine Wedderhoff
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Research Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
The Common ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract. This editorial gives a brief introduction to the six articles included in the fourth “Hotspots in Psychology” of the Zeitschrift für Psychologie. The format is devoted to systematic reviews and meta-analyses in research-active fields that have generated a considerable number of primary studies. The common denominator is the research synthesis nature of the included articles, and not a specific psychological topic or theme that all articles have to address. Moreover, methodological advances in research synthesis methods relevant for any subfield of psychology are being addressed. Comprehensive supplemental material to the articles can be found in PsychArchives ( https://www.psycharchives.org ).

Haemophilia Registry of the Medical Committee of the Swiss Haemophilia Society

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S16-S18 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Brand ◽  
N. von der Weid
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Mutation Analysis ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Global Survey ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

SummaryThe Swiss Haemophilia Registry of the Medical Committee of the Swiss Haemophilia Society was established in 2000. Primarily it bears epidemiological and basic clinical data (incidence, type and severity of the disease, age groups, centres, mortality). Two thirds of the questions of the WFH Global Survey can be answered, especially those concerning use of concentrates (global, per capita) and treatment modalities (on-demand versus prophylactic regimens). Moreover, the registry is an important tool for quality control of the haemophilia treatment centres.There are no informations about infectious diseases like hepatitis or HIV, due to non-anonymisation of the data. We plan to incorporate the results of the mutation analysis in the future.

The past, present and future of food consumption databases

2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (43) ◽  
pp. 1692-1700
Author(s):  
Viktória Szűcs ◽  
Erzsébet Szabó ◽  
Diána Bánáti
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Food Consumption Data ◽  
International Projects ◽  
Collection Methods ◽  
The Eu

Results of the food consumption surveys are utilized in many areas, such as for example risk assessment, cognition of consumer trends, health education and planning of prevention projects. Standardization of national consumption data for international comparison is an important task. The intention work began in the 1970s. Because of the widespread utilization of food consumption data, many international projects have been done with the aim of their harmonization. The present study shows data collection methods for groups of the food consumption data, their utilization, furthermore, the stations of the international harmonization works in details. The authors underline that for the application of the food consumption data on the international level, it is crucial to harmonize the surveys’ parameters (e.g. time of data collection, method, number of participants, number of the analysed days and the age groups). For this purpose the efforts of the EU menu project, started in 2012, are promising. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1692–1700.

Motives of espionage against ones own country in the light of idiographic studies

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Michalak
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
The Common

Motives of espionage against ones own country in the light of idiographic studies The money is perceived as the common denominator among people who have spied against their own country. This assumption is common sense and appears to be self-evident truth. But do we have any hard evidences to prove the validity of such a statement? What method could be applied to determine it? This article is a review of the motives behind one's resorting to spying activity which is a complex and multifarious process. I decided to present only the phenomenon of spying for another country. The studies on the motives behind taking up spying activity are idiographic in character. One of the basic methodological problems to be faced by the researchers of this problem is an inaccessibility of a control group.

Economic Performance and Public Finance in Kenya, 1960-2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kempe Ronald Hope
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Emerging Economy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Government Investment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Private Savings ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Real Growth

Countries with positive per capita real growth are characterised by positive national savings—including government savings, increases in government investment, and strong increases in private savings and investment. On the other hand, countries with negative per capita real growth tend to be characterised by declines in savings and investment. During the past several decades, Kenya’s emerging economy has undergone many changes and economic performance has been epitomised by periods of stability, decline, or unevenness. This article discusses and analyses the record of economic performance and public finance in Kenya during the period 1960‒2010, as well as policies and other factors that have influenced that record in this emerging economy. 

The Problem of the Typology of Rationality in Muslim Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Lukashev
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
The Common ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The One ◽  
Muslim Culture

The typology of rationality is one of major issues of modern philosophy. In an attempt to provide a typology to Oriental materials, a researcher faces additional problems. The diversity of the Orient as such poses a major challenge. When we say “Oriental,” we mean several cultures for which we cannot find a common denominator. The concept of “Orient” involves Arabic, Indian, Chinese, Turkish and other cultures, and the only thing they share is that they are “non-Western.” Moreover, even if we focus just on Islamic culture and look into rationality in this context, we have to deal with a conglomerate of various trends, which does not let us define, with full confidence, a common theoretical basis and treat them as a unity. Nevertheless, we have to go on trying to find common directions in thought development, so as to draw conclusions about types of rationality possible in Islamic culture. A basis for such a typology of rationality in the context of the Islamic world was recently suggested in A.V. Smirnov’s logic of sense theory. However, actual empiric material cannot always fit theoretical models, and the cases that do not fit the common scheme are interesting per se. On the one hand, examination of such cases gives an opportunity to specify certain provisions of the theory and, on the other hand, to define the limits of its applicability.

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