scholarly journals From discretion to standardization: Digitalization of the police organization

2021 ◽  
pp. 146135572110365
Author(s):  
Helene OI Gundhus ◽  
Niri Talberg ◽  
Christin T Wathne
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Organizational Control ◽  
Police Discretion ◽  
Work Processes ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Police Organization ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Labor Specialization ◽  
Depth Interviews

In this article, we aim to examine whether intelligence-led policing in police practice reinforces the control model of the police organization. We argue that digitalization of police working life resurrects several of Taylor’s management principles, such as greater division of labor, specialization, standardization and focus on measurable and efficient processes. Drawing on empirical research via two cross-sectional surveys, focus group and individual in-depth interviews with 40 Norwegian police officers, we analyze the extent to which this is conditioned by how work processes are organized and how knowledge practices are operationalized and standardized. We show perceptions of standardization that break up policing processes and lead to greater control over which tasks the front line performs and how these should be carried out. As a result, traditional police discretion becomes more standardized, constrained and de-contextualized. This is reinforced by the implementation of intelligence-led policing to manage knowledge within the police organization, which may eventually lead to a more top-down, bureaucratic and fragmented style of policing. Thus police professionalism becomes understood as being greater standardization and organizational control. An unintended consequence is a shift towards digitalized neo-Taylorism in policing, with implications for de-skilling of the police. The results demonstrate a managerialist view of the police organization, in which top-down steering and use of technology ultimately lead to a narrowing of police discretion and a more invisible high-policing style of police that may increase militarization of the police organization.

A gap between Law and Practice: A Community’s Perception of Unmarried Women’s Abortion Options in Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Simone Christensen Hald ◽  
Ditte Aagaard Sondergaard
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Safe Abortion ◽  
Community Attitudes ◽  
Abortion Law ◽  
Premarital Sexual Activity ◽  
Premarital Sexual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background In 2002, the Nepalese abortion law went from being highly restrictive to fully liberal. This study aimed to explore a local community’s perception of the situation for unmarried Nepalese women wanting to practice their legal right to abortion.Methods The study comprised a cross-sectional survey and in-depth interviews with men and women above the age of 16 years living in the Makwanpur District, Nepal. The final data included 55 questionnaires and 16 interviews. The questionnaire data was univariate analysed, while a condensation of meaning analysis was carried out on the interviews.Results The overall awareness of abortion being legal was high, although the extent of knowledge of the specific legal grounds varied. Unmarried women were believed to have access to abortion services, although they risked stigmatisation due to their marital status. The community attitude towards these women having abortions was very negative, hence it differed from the legal acceptance of all women having the right to abortion. This was explained by societal norms on premarital sexual activity. Generally, the participants felt that changing attitudes would be difficult but possible over time.Conclusion A considerable gap exists between the legal acceptance of abortion and community attitudes when it comes to unmarried women as this group encounters barriers when wanting to practice their right. Therefore, these barriers need to be addressed to allow unmarried Nepalese women access to safe abortion services without the risk of being stigmatised.One possible alternative is educational initiatives such as disseminating information vigorously through mass media to create awareness.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hprospect.v12i2.9869 Health Prospect Vol.12(2) 2013: 24-30

scholarly journals The challenges of donor engagement with faith-based organizations in Cameroon’s health sector: a qualitative study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibylle Herzig van Wees ◽  
Michael Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
International Development ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
The Past ◽  
Faith Based Organizations ◽  
The Government ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Substantial global advocacy efforts have been made over the past decade to encourage partnerships and funding of faith-based organizations in international development programmes in efforts to improve social and health outcomes. Whilst there is a wealth of knowledge on religion and development, including its controversies, less attention has been payed to the role that donors might play. The aim of this study was to describe and analyse the engagement between donors and faith-based organizations in Cameroon’s health sector, following the implementation of the Cameroon Health Sector Partnership Strategy (2012). Forty-six in-depth interviews were conducted in selected regions in Cameroon. The findings show that global advocacy efforts to increase partnerships with faith-based organizations have created a space for increasing donor engagement of faith-based organizations following the implementation of the strategy. However, the policy was perceived as top down as it did not take into account some of the existing challenges. The policy arguably accentuated some of the existing tensions between the government and faith-based organizations, fed faith-controversies and complicated the health system landscape. Moreover, it provided donors with a framework for haphazard engagement with faith-based organizations. As such, putting the implications of donor engagement with FBOs on the research map acknowledges the limitations of efforts to collaborate with faith-based organizations and brings to the surface still-remaining blinkers and limited assumptions in donor definitions of faith-based organizations and in ways of collaborating with them.

scholarly journals The Network Structure of Police Misconduct

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 237802311987979 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Wood ◽  
Daria Roithmayr ◽  
Andrew V. Papachristos
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Police Misconduct ◽  
Police Departments ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Network Ties ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Using Data

Conventional explanations of police misconduct generally adopt a microlevel focus on deviant officers or a macrolevel focus on the top-down organization of police departments. Between these levels are social networks of misconduct. This study recreates these networks using data on 16,503 complaints and 15,811 police officers over a six-year period in Chicago. We examine individual-level factors associated with receiving a complaint, the basic properties of these misconduct networks, and factors related to officer co-naming in complaints. We find that the incidence of police misconduct is associated with attributes including race, age, and tenure and that almost half of police officers are connected in misconduct ties in broader networks of misconduct. We also find that certain dyadic factors, especially seniority and race, strongly predict network ties and the incidence of group misconduct. Our results provide actionable information regarding possible ways to leverage the co-complaint network structure to reduce misconduct.

Modeling the Factors that Influence Ghanaian Entrepreneurs to Adopt e-Commerce

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Pobee
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Performance Expectancy ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Effort Expectancy ◽  
Facilitating Conditions

This study investigated the factors that influence Ghanaian entrepreneurs to adopt e-commerce. Cross-sectional data was gathered from 520 entrepreneurs in the most populous and industrious regions in Ghana. The unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) was employed to effectively understand the unexplored phenomenon of e-commerce adoption among Ghanaian entrepreneurs. Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the hypothesized relationships. The findings indicate that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence (SI) positively and significantly influenced the behavioral intention (BI) to adopt e-commerce. Facilitating conditions (FC) and BI had a significant positive relationship with the adoption of e-commerce.

Tourism and Commoditization of Traditional Cultures among the Himba People of Namibia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-196
Author(s):  
Anna Shilongo
Keyword(s):  
Value Theory ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Traditional Cultures ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Local Leaders

The objective of the study was to investigate the Tourism and Commoditization of Traditional Cultures among the Himba People of Namibia. Globalization theory by Greg Richards and the use value theory by Marx was linked with this study. A mixture of methods comprising of descriptive cross-sectional survey, phenomenology and ethnographic research designs was employed to assess the effect of commoditization of traditional cultures among the Himba people through tourism. The study employed two principal data collection techniques: questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Stratified sampling and purposive sampling procedures were used. Purposive sampling was used as a non-probability sampling method in the sampling of key informants such as tour-guide, local leaders and museum employees. The study took place in two sampled villages in the Opuwo rural constituency, namely, Ohunguomure Village and Okatutura ka Vinjange, which form the major cultural tourist destinations. The sample size of this study was 98. Data was analysed using qualitative and quantitative approaches. Quantitative analysis was applied to close-ended questions, and the data were analysed in terms of frequencies and percentages using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Qualitative data obtained from open-ended questions and interviews were analysed thematically. The study concludes that commoditization of culture is diluting culture and destroys the originality of the culture. The study recommends the need for this Ministry to have a component or department that specifically works towards the issue of commoditization of the Himba culture in the Kunene Region.

Examining police officers’ perceptions of stress: the role of Person−environment fit

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Rief ◽  
Samantha Clinkinbeard
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Organizational Fit ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Overall Job Satisfaction

PurposeThe purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between officer perceptions of fit in their organization and stress (organizational and operational), overall job satisfaction and turnover contemplation (within the last 6 months).Design/methodology/approachThe authors used cross-sectional survey data from a sample of 832 officers from two Midwest police departments to examine the relationships between fit, stress and work-related attitudes.FindingsPerceived stress and organizational fit were strong predictors of overall job satisfaction and turnover contemplation; organizational fit accounted for the most variation in stress, satisfaction and turnover contemplation. Organizational stress partially mediated the relationship between organizational fit and job satisfaction and organizational fit and turnover contemplation.Research ImplicationsMore research is needed to identify predictors of organizational fit perceptions among police officers.Practical implicationsFindings indicate that agencies should pay close attention to the organizational culture and structure when trying to address issues of officer well-being and retention. Further, the person−environment framework can be a useful tool in examining police occupational outcomes.Originality/valueThe authors findings contribute to research on officer stress by exploring perceptions of organizational fit as a predictor of stress and unpacking how officer stress matters to important work outcomes, including job satisfaction and thoughts of turnover, by considering stress as a mediator between organizational fit and these work outcomes.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE PROVISION OF SOCIAL WORK SERVICES FOR CANCER PATIENTS AT THE VIETNAM NATIONAL CANCER HOSPITAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 132-143
Author(s):  
Nam Pham Tien
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Policy Regimes ◽  
Financial Factor ◽  
Cancer Hospital ◽  
Depth Interviews

The provision of social work service for cancer patients is facing many challenges. Therefore, this study aims to explore factors affecting the provision of social work services for cancer patients at the Vietnam National Cancer Hospital. This is a cross-sectional study that used 10 in-depth interviews, and three focus group discussions to collect data. Our findings showed that the factors such as specialized qualifications of social workers, available facilities, the network of social work collaborators, finance, and policy regimes hindered the provision of social work services for cancer patients at the hospital. Meanwhile, the financial factor contributed to promote social work services for cancer patients at the hospital. Besides, the demands for the provision of social work services for cancer patients were one of the factors that should be considered in the coming time. Our study suggested stakeholders pay more attention to these factors.

Designing a Computer Network in Building a Smart School with Case Study of SMA Negeri 1 Kediri

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Ega Meiliana Wijaya ◽  
I Komang Ari Mogi
Keyword(s):  
Educational Technology ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Computer Network ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Network Development ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Star Topology ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
School Concept

Smart school is a technology-based school concept used in the teaching and learning process in the classroom. The use of educational technology includes an integrated system that assists the educational community in carrying out their respective functions with the aim of developing the potential of students. The use of technology in the field of education is expected to help and facilitate students and schools in conducting learning so that technology is able to facilitate and solve problems in learning. In building smart schools, it is also necessary to design technology developed in technology. The concept of network development that will be used is to use the Top-Down method and the topology used is to use ring topology and star topology. With the development of smart schools, it is expected that education using technology will continue to develop.

Assessment of compliance with regulations on private medicine practice of specialised clinics in Viet Tri city, Phu Tho province, 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Cam Viet Hoang ◽  
◽  
Thi Thuy Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transportation Equipment ◽  
Facility Conditions ◽  
Private Medicine ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Depth Interviews

Objectives: To assess compliance with regulations on private medical practice and analyze some influencing factors at specialized clinics in Viet Tri city, Phu Tho province, by 2020. Research method: Cross-sectional descriptive study with analysis, combining quantitative with qualitative. Directly observed 30 private medical practice establishments, combined with in-depth interviews with professional responsible persons and 05 managerial staff. Results: The results showed that some facilities did not meet the criteria, including: 04/30 facilities did not meet the criteria for facility conditions; 10/30 facilities have not yet achieved medical waste treatment; 14/30 facilities lacked conditions of emergency transportation equipment; 13/30 facilities did not comply with the professional regulations as prescribed; There are two main factors that affect private medical practice: The irregular inspection and supervision and the person in charge of professional practice has not fully complied with the provisions of private medical practice. Conclusion: It is necessary to strengthen inspection, examination and propagation and dissemination of legal regulations to private medical practice facilities. Keywords: Private medical practice, private clinics, specialist clinics.

Role of online technology and social networking site at workplace

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s494-s494
Author(s):  
H. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Internet Use ◽  
Social Networking Site ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Online Technology ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Pornography Use ◽  
Pornography Addiction ◽  
Private Sector Organizations ◽  
Competing Interest

BackgroundInternet use has affected the pattern of working style at the workplace. Recent years have seen an increased use of online activities (especially pornography/gaming) at the workplace. It has been shown to affect productivity at the workplace. There is a dearth of literature from the Indian context in this area.AimThis study was conducted to explore the pattern of pornography use& gaming at the workplace and its dysfunctions. Setting and design: The present study was a cross-sectional prospective studyMaterials and methodsThe objective of the study was to assess the pattern of pornography use at the workplace. Five hundred employees having experience of Internet use for more than a year of various government/private sector organizations in Bengaluru were assessed using background data sheet, DSM V criteria, Internet addiction test & pornography addiction screening instrument. Users who were unwilling to participate were excluded from the study.ResultsSeven to nine percent reported preference for Internet to work, meals, personal hygiene, sleep, and interaction with family members and effects on productivity. Three to four percent have excessive use of pornography & game.ConclusionsThe present study has implications for evolving psychoeducational modules for the promotion of healthy use of technology.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

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