scholarly journals Sexually Dimorphic Faciometrics in Black Racial Groups From Early Adulthood to Late Middle Age

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 147470491881105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. Robertson ◽  
Barbara E. Kingsley
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Black Population ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Face Height ◽  
Racial Background ◽  
Full Face ◽  
Older Populations

An increasing body of research focusing on gender-related traits has utilized faciometrics in order to consider sexual dimorphism: Aspects as diverse as social heuristics, facial attractiveness, sexual orientation, aggression, and trustworthiness have all been investigated. However, the majority of these studies have tended to focus on White or Caucasian student populations and have paid little regard to either older populations or racial background. The current study therefore investigated sexual dimorphism in 450 participants (225 women) from a Black population across four age groups (20s, 30s, 40s, and 50s). In line with much previous research using White or Caucasian faces, the expected sexual dimorphism was seen in the younger age-group in three of the four indices (cheekbone prominence, facial width to lower facial height, and lower face height to full face height). However, consistent with more recent literature, the facial width to height ratio (fWHR) was not found to be significantly different between men and women in this age-group. Contrary to previous research, when considering broader age groups, the three established measures of facial sexual dimorphism, when looked at independently, remained static over time, but this was not true for fWHR. It is concluded that facial structure does not follow the same aging trajectory in all populations and care should be taken in choice of facial metric, depending on the nature of the sample under investigation.

scholarly journals Sexually Dimorphic Faciometrics in Humans From Early Adulthood to Late Middle Age: Dynamic, Declining, and Differentiated

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 147470491773064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. Robertson ◽  
Barbara E. Kingsley ◽  
Gina C. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Single Marker ◽  
Older Populations ◽  
The Impact

Faciometrics have widely been used in contemporary studies on gender-related behavioral traits, for example, perceived and actual aggression, co-operation and trustworthiness, prejudicial beliefs, unethical behavior, and achievement drive, as well as, but to a lesser degree, in nonhuman primates. For the large part, these studies have focused primarily on “student-aged” populations with little empirical scrutiny regarding the efficacy of applying these measures with older participants. This study therefore investigated sexual dimorphism across four age-groups (20s, 30s, 40s, and 50s) in 444 participants (225 men). The expected sexual dimorphism was seen in the youngest age group in three of the four indices. The facial width to height ratio, however, although most commonly used empirically, was not found to be significantly different between men and women, consistent with more recent literature. Importantly, as age increased, sexual dimorphism decreased, but this was not consistent across all measures of it. Rather, it is evident that differing measures of sexual dimorphism follow distinct developmental trajectories. The only single marker which remained significantly different across all age-groups was cheekbone prominence. Sexual dimorphic faciometrics are therefore dynamic, declining, and differentiated through adulthood. Consequently, it is concluded that care should be taken in using faciometrics in studies involving older populations and that more research is needed to understand the impact of these distinct faciometric trajectories in gender- and masculinity-related studies.

scholarly journals PENGELOMPOKAN JUMLAH PENDUDUK BERDASARKAN KATEGORI USIA DENGAN METODE K-MEANS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Sahat Sonang ◽  
Arifin Tua Purba ◽  
Ferri Ojak Imanuel Pardede
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
The Government

Control of population is one of the tasks of the government in Indonesia. The increase and movement of population in each region makes a certain area to defeat changes in population surging, and this can affect the economic level of the area. This study aims to process the population of Pematangsiantar City in 2018 which is divided into age groups, namely: Toddlers, Young Children, Early Adolescents, Late Adolescents, Early Adolescents, Late Adulthood, Early Adulthood, Elderly, Late Elderly, and Upper Seniors. Data processing is done by using K-Means method clustering in accordance with the population of Pematangsiantar City per district. With this grouping, we can see that the number of population in each sub-district is based on each age group so that we can implement programs that are more appropriate in improving human resources.

Evolving prevalence and incidence trends of SCC of the anal canal: A SEER study.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 583-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunqing Zhang ◽  
Thomas A. DiPetrillo ◽  
Kara Lynne Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Anal Canal ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Black Population ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Indian American ◽  
Race Ethnicity

583 Background: The incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (SCCA) has been rising in the last three decades. With changing patient demographics and behaviors, the trends in prevalence and incidence of the disease have changed in recent years. Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data set from 2000 to 2014 was analyzed for trends in prevalence and incidence of SCCA and for associated demographic and tumor characteristics including stage (localized vs. regional vs. distant disease), age (20-34, 35-49, 50-64, > 65 years), and race/ethnicity (White, Black, American Indian/American Natives (AI/AN), American Pacific Islanders (API)). Results: 16,540 patients with SCCA were identified in the SEER database within the study period. The prevalence rate of SCCA was 0.01% (of 2000 standard U.S population), and the age-adjusted incidence rate of SCCA was 1.3/100,000. Prevalence and incidence was highest in patients age 50-64 and in the black population. Trend analysis of incidence demonstrated that while incidence rate continued to increase from 2000 to 2014, the average annual percentage change (APC) of incidence decreased from 4.80 before 2009 to 1.44 after. Patient population was divided into two groups: 2000-2008, with incidence of 1.6/100,000 and 2009-2014, with incidence of 2.1/100,000 (RR = 1.29, 95%CI = 1.25-1.33, p < 0.001). Incidence in the 2009-2014 group increased compared to the 2000-2008 group among all staged SCCA, patients 50 years of age and older (RR = 1.41, p < 0.001 and RR = 1.37, p < 0.001 for age groups 50-64 and > 65, respectively), and black (RR = 1.33, p < 0.001) and white (RR = 1.32, p < 0.001) race/ethnicity groups. APC in the 2009-2014 group decreased in all staged SCCA, increased in patients age 20-34, and decreased in all racial groups except AI/AN. Conclusions: There is a higher incidence and prevalence of SCCA in patients 50 years or older and in those of black ethnicity. Incidence of SCCA has increased in the US from 2000-2014, but the average APC in incidence has been decreasing except for in young patients and in those of AI/AN ethnicity. Awareness of disease prevalence and the pattern of change in incidence rate is important in the effort of disease prevention.

Ageing meanings of (ing)

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Schleef ◽  
Nicholas Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Life Stage ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Developmental Constraints ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
Two Age Groups

This study examines the social meanings that speakers associate with variants of the variable (ing) in Manchester, focusing on a comparison of two age groups: a young age group of adolescents and those in very early adulthood, and an older age group. In most English varieties, (ing) has two possible realisations: [ɪŋ] and [ɪn]. However, in Manchester, a third possibility exists: [ɪŋg]. Social meanings differ between age groups on three scales: articulateness, poshness and reliability. When compared to the youths, those in the older age group consider [ɪŋ] to sound substantially more articulate than [ɪn], as well as posher and more reliable than [ɪŋg]. In contrast, those in the younger group consider [ɪŋg] more reliable and posher-sounding than the older speakers. This is due, we argue, to developmental constraints during adolescence, but, more importantly, to life-stage experiences, with social meanings on these three scales altering as speakers leave adolescence behind and become increasingly subject to the standardisation pressures of adult communities.

scholarly journals The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in human faecal flora in South Africa

1993 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. A. Shanahan ◽  
B. A. Wylie ◽  
P. V. Adrian ◽  
H. J. Koornhof ◽  
C. J. Thomson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Black Population ◽  
Commensal Bacteria ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Faecal Flora ◽  
Rural And Urban

SummaryBetween January and March 1992, 361 faecal specimens were collected from the healthy black population in the Transvaal Province of South Africa. Each specimen was examined for the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in commensal bacteria. Volunteers, from both rural and urban dwellings, were divided into four age groups. The overall carriage rate of resistance varied from 88.6% for ampicillin, 74.2% for trimethoprim, 52.6% for chloramphenicol, 10.2% for nalidixic acid to 7.5% for gentamicin. The carriage of resistance found to each individual antimicrobial agent was slightly higher in the rural population rather than the urban population but there was no correlation between the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and the age group.

scholarly journals Comorbid Conditions, Mental Health and Cognitive Functions in Adults with Fibromyalgia

2020 ◽  
pp. 019394592093742
Author(s):  
Sophie Taylor ◽  
Penny Furness ◽  
Simon Ashe ◽  
Sarah Haywood-Small ◽  
Kim Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Middle Adulthood ◽  
Comorbid Conditions

This study examined age group differences across adulthood in comorbid conditions, mental health, and cognitive function in people with fibromyalgia. Participants completed an online survey about how fibromyalgia affects their everyday life. Chi square analyses were conducted to examine associations between age groups and (a) comorbid conditions and (b) severity of anxiety and depression. ANOVA analyses examined age group differences on aspects of self-report cognitive function. The greatest prevalence of comorbid conditions was found in middle adulthood. Early adulthood was associated with more cases of severe anxiety with the lowest number of cases being in the oldest age group. Middle adulthood was associated with worse self-report pain compared to the youngest age group. Older adults showed better self-report cognitive function compared to younger adults. Distinct age profiles based on comorbid conditions, mental health, and symptom severity across adulthood in fibromyalgia have been demonstrated.

Speaking Fundamental Frequency Characteristics of Nonsmoking Female Adults

1981 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret L. Stoicheff
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Intrasubject Variability ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Fundamental Frequencies ◽  
Speaking Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Laryngeal Control

There were 111 female adult subjects 20–82 years of age who were nonsmokers. Measures of fundamental frequency and standard deviation were obtained. The higher speaking fundamental frequencies in this study relative to previous studies using female adults were attributed to control of the smoking variable. Results indicated relative stability of speaking fundamental frequency from postadolescence through early adulthood. A decrease in speaking fundamental frequency in the 50–59 age group, which was maintained in the two older age groups, was attributed to changes in the vocal fold mass with completion of the menopause. An increase in intrasubject variability of fundamental frequency in postmenopausal adults was interpreted as indicating decreased laryngeal control over fundamental frequency.

The Effect of Collagen Mediated Platelet Release on Plasma Prekallikrein Activation

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (01) ◽  
pp. 037-041 ◽  
Author(s):  
K M Weerasinghe ◽  
M F Scully ◽  
V V Kakkar
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Activated Platelets ◽  
Platelet Release ◽  
Collagen Treatment

SummaryCollagen mediated platelet aggregation caused -5.6 ± 6.7% inhibition and +39.1 ± 15.2% potentiation of prekallikrein activation in plasma from normal healthy volunteers between 20–40 and 50–65 years of age, respectively (n = 15, p <0.01). The amouns of platelet factor-four (PF4) released in the two groups were not significantly different. Collagen treatment in the presence of indomethacin caused +11.5 ± 3.6% and +59.6 ± 19.5% potentiation in the 20–40 and 50–65 age groups respectively (p <0.02). Adrenaline mediated platelet aggregation caused -55.2 ± 7.1% and -35.2 ± 8.3% inhibition in the 20–40 and 50–65 age groups, respectively. Collagen treatment of platelet-deficient-plasma and platelet-rich-plasma in EDTA also caused potentiation of prekallikrein activation.The results indicate that the observed degree of prekallikrein activation after platelet aggregation is a net result of the inhibitory effect of PF4 and the potentiatory effect of activated platelets. The potentiatory effect was greater after collagen treatment as compared to adrenaline treatment, and in the 50–65 age group as compared to the 20–40 age group.

Sexual Dimorphism among the Kathmandu University Students Assessed by Anthropometric Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (05) ◽  
pp. 20469-20472
Author(s):  
Shakya R ◽  
Bhattacharya SC ◽  
Shrestha R
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
University Students ◽  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Crime Detection ◽  
Males And Females

Objectives: To observe the sexual dimorphism among the young adult age group ranging from 18-21 years, of Kathmandu University students by measuring craniofacial circumference and canthal distances. Rationale of the study: These data could be useful for establishing the craniofacial standards and adds an implementation on plastic surgery, crime detection as well as in the industrial field. Method: 300 clinically normal students of Kathmandu University aged between 18-21 years were examined for the study. Fronto-occipital circumference, outer and inner canthal distances were measured. All the parameters were compared between males and females. Result: The cranial circumference as well as the inner and outer canthal distance in males was found to be significantly higher as compared to the females. Conclusion: The results concluded that sexual dimorphism remarkably exists in young adults of Kathmandu University students.

Health and Nutritional Status of Orphan Children’s Living in Orphanages with Special Reference to District Anantnag of Jammu and Kashmir

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mashkoor Ahmad Lone ◽  
Dr. P. Ganesan
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Indian Academy ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Nutritional Intake ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

The practice of placing deprived children having least or no emotional and material resources, in orphanages has since long been prevailing in socio -economically poor Asian countries. A sample of 30 children residing in orphanage in district Anantnag in the age group of 13-18 years was selected for the present study. Most of the children were found socially and psychologically disturbed. As per Indian Academy Paediatrics (IAP) classification with respect to weight for age the condition was not bad that as approximately 67% percent of the children were found to be normal. In the same way height for age as per Waterloo’s classification shown that more than half of the children were normal. On clinical examination approximately 47% of children were normal, while as rest were suffering from dispigmentation of hair, moon face, xerosis of skin cheilosis, magenta tongue, spongy bleeding gums, oedema, conjuctival xerosis, and mottled dental enamel. The findings indicated that nutritional intake was deficient for all nutrients when compared to, Recommended Daily Allowances Chart (RDA) for all age groups which may be linked to poor planning of menus in orphanages.

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