Catalytic pyrolysis of recycled HDPE, LDPE, and PP

2021 ◽  
pp. 147776062110194
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shoaib ◽  
Balakrishnan Subeshan ◽  
Waseem S Khan ◽  
Eylem Asmatulu
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Magnesium Silicate ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
Cloisite 30B ◽  
Fuel Oils ◽  
Significant Factors

Plastic waste has been growing every year, and as a result, environmental concern has been a topic of much attention. Many properties of plastics, such as their lightweight, durability, and versatility, are significant factors in achieving sustainable development. The exponential increase of plastic production produces every year approximately 100 million tons of waste plastic, which could be converted into hydrocarbon fuels by employing a process appropriately called pyrolysis. Pyrolysis, which is thermal or catalytical, can be performed under different experimental conditions that affect the type and amount of product obtained. With the pyrolysis process, products can be obtained with high added value, such as fuel oils and feedstock for new products. In this study, magnesium silicate (MgO3Si) and Cloisite 30B were used as catalysts for the decomposition of different plastics, and the results were compared with the zeolite catalyst. In the case of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), the oil yield with a zeolite catalyst was found to be 71%, whereas with MgO3Si and Cloisite 30B, this was 68% and 67%, respectively. Zeolite produced better results in the decomposition of polypropylene (PP) compared to MgO3Si and Cloisite 30B. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and gas chromatography (GC) were conducted in this work. The spectra results for all samples were consistent and in the fuel range.

Upgrading of bio-oil from catalytic pyrolysis of pretreated rice husk over Fe-modified ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst

2018 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuping Zhang ◽  
Houlei Zhang ◽  
Xinzhi Liu ◽  
Shuguang Zhu ◽  
Linlin Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Bio Oil

scholarly journals Editorial Catalysts: Special Issue on Catalytic Pyrolysis

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 487
Author(s):  
Gartzen Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Special Issue

The increase of environmental concern is currently promoting the development of sustainable and green chemistry [...]

Steam Reforming of Biomass Pyrolysis Oil: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adewale George Adeniyi ◽  
Kevin Shegun Otoikhian ◽  
Joshua O. Ighalo
Keyword(s):  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Process Variable ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Biomass Pyrolysis ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Economic Analyses

Abstract The steam reforming of biomass pyrolysis oil is a well-established means of producing the more useful bio-hydrogen. Bio-oil has a comparatively low heating value, incomplete volatility and acidity, hence upgrading to a more useful product is required. Over the years, the experimental conditions of the process have been studied extensively in the domain of catalysis and process variable optimisation. Sorption enhancement is now being applied to the system to improve the purity of the hydrogen stream. Lifecycle analyses has revealed that bio-hydrogen offers considerable reductions in energy consumption compared to fossil fuel-derived hydrogen. Also, green-house-gas savings from the process can also be as high as 54.5 %. Unfortunately, techno-economic analyses have elucidated that bio-hydrogen production is still hampered by high production costs. Research endeavours in steam reforming of biomass bio-oil is done with an eye for developing added value products that can complement, substitute (and one day replace) fossil fuels whilst ameliorating the global warming menace.

Grape Seeds Dehydration under Forced Convection Conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 283-286 ◽  
pp. 610-615
Author(s):  
G. Clemente ◽  
N. Sanjuán ◽  
J. Bon ◽  
R. Peña ◽  
J.V. García-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Effective Diffusivity ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Drying Kinetics ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Grape Seeds ◽  
External Resistance ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Grape Skin

Grape pomace is the main by-product from the wine industry. It is principally made up of grape skin and seeds. Drying this by-product is the first step for the later extraction of components with high added value like oil or antioxidants. Due to the different characteristics of the components, the study of the drying kinetics of grape pomace must be addressed taking its components into account one by one. For that purpose, grape seeds from the Spanish wine industry were dehydrated in a convective laboratory dryer at 70 °C and at 1, 2 and 3 m/s until a weight loss of 40% was reached. Drying kinetics was determined in triplicate. Modelling was carried out by means of a diffusion model without considering shrinkage and external resistance. Grape seeds were assumed to be spherical. For all the fits, the explained variance was higher than 96.9 % and the mean relative modulus was lower than 1.7 %. Between 1 and 2 m/s, effective diffusivity increased in line with air velocity, although the values of effective diffusivity calculated for 2 and 3 m/s were similar. It seems to indicate that for the experimental conditions under study, the external resistance is not negligible at 1 and 2 m/s and for higher air velocities the internal resistance to mass transfer controls the drying process. These results coincide with those found by other authors when studying different food products.

scholarly journals Asymmetric synthesis of a high added value chiral amine using immobilized ω-transaminases

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Petri ◽  
Valeria Colonna ◽  
Oreste Piccolo
Keyword(s):  
Enantiomeric Excess ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Continuous System ◽  
Immobilized Enzymes ◽  
Added Value ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Chiral Amine ◽  
Heterocyclic Molecules ◽  
One Step

Chiral N-heterocyclic molecules and in particular compounds with an amino functional group such as 3-aminopiperidine are valuable intermediates for the production of a large number of bioactive compounds with pharmacological properties. In this paper, the synthesis of both enantiomers of 3-amino-1-Boc-piperidine by amination of the prochiral precursor 1-Boc-3-piperidone using immobilized ω-transaminases (TAs-IMB), isopropylamine as amine donor and pyridoxal-5’-phosphate (PLP) as cofactor is described. Compared to other methods, the present approach affords the target compound in just one step with high yield and high enantiomeric excess starting from a commercial substrate. The reaction was carried out by using different commercially available immobilized enzymes, evaluating the catalytic activity and the enantioselectivity under different experimental conditions. Re-use of the most efficient enzyme was performed both in batch and in a semi-continuous system. The selected biocatalyst showed good stability under the reaction conditions providing consistent results in terms of conversion and enantiomeric excess after several cycles. The reported results may be of practical interest in view of the development of this sustainable approach to an industrial scale.

Nonwoven Polylactide Scaffolds Obtained by Solution Blow Spinning and the In Vitro Degradation Dynamics

2013 ◽  
Vol 872 ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Ivanovich Tverdokhlebov ◽  
Ksenia Stankevich ◽  
Evgeny N. Bolbasov ◽  
Igor Khlusov ◽  
Irina Kulagina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
Solution Blow Spinning ◽  
Simulation Body Fluid ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Solution Changes

The solution blow spinning is presented as a method of obtaining tissue engineering scaffolds. The different forming modes were used and the optimum experimental conditions were found. It is shown that nonwoven polylactide scaffolds with required surface morphology can be obtained. These samples were studied in case of biodegradation in simulation body fluid. It was found that during scaffold dissolution the pH of the solution changes insignificantly (6.85) despite the exponential increase of the monomers of lactic acid. The calcium and phosphorus ion exchange between the scaffold and solution was observed in the surface and bulk of the material what makes possible to use scaffolds for regenerative medicine.

Catalytic Pyrolysis of High Density Polyethylene on a HZSM-5 Zeolite Catalyst in a Conical Spouted Bed Reactor

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorka Elordi ◽  
Gartzen Lopez ◽  
Roberto Aguado ◽  
Martin Olazar ◽  
Javier Bilbao
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Gasoline Fraction ◽  
Light Olefins ◽  
Spouted Bed ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Commercial Gasoline ◽  
On Line

HDPE has been pyrolysed at 450 °C and 500 °C using HZSM-5 zeolite as a catalyst. Batch runs have been carried out at atmospheric pressure in a conical spouted bed reactor. Product analysis has been carried out by means of a GC, connected on-line with a thermostated line. The degradation rate of the plastic is slightly faster at 500 °C than at 450 °C and much faster than thermal pyrolysis in both cases. Products have been grouped into five lumps: the lump of light olefins, C2-C4; light alkanes, C1-C4; the gasoline fraction, C5-C11 compounds; C11+ hydrocarbons; and the coke deposited on the catalyst. An HZSM-5 catalyst is appropriate to obtain light olefins; about 55 wt% in both cases. The yield of gasoline fraction is also considerable and although its composition is not suitable for commercial gasoline, is interesting for its use in petrochemistry. The catalyst deactivation rate is low.

Modelling the Behaviour of Organic Degradation Products

1988 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Cross ◽  
F. T. Ewart ◽  
B. F. Greenfield
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Organic Ligand ◽  
Solubility Enhancement ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Organic Species ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Significant Factors

ABSTRACTResults are presented from recent studies at Harwell which show that the degradation products which are formed when certain organic waste materials are exposed to the alkaline conditions typical of a cementitious environment, can enhance the solubility of plutonium, even at pH values as high as 12, by significant factors. Characterisation of the degradation products has been undertaken but the solubility enhancement does not appear to be related to the concentration of any of the major organic species that have been identified in the solutions. While it has not been possible to identify by analysis the organic ligand responsible for the increased solubility of plutonium, the behaviour of D-Saccharic acid does approach the behaviour of the degradation products. The PHREEQE code has been used to simulate the solubility of plutonium in the presence of D-Saccharic acid and other model degradation products, in order to explain the solubility enhancement. The extrapolation of the experimental conditions to the repository is the major objective, but in this work the ability of a model to predict the behaviour of plutonium over a range of experimental conditions has been tested.

The challenges of gamifying CSR communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateryna Maltseva ◽  
Christian Fieseler ◽  
Hannah Trittin-Ulbrich
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Environmental Attitude ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Csr Communication ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
And Behavior

PurposeA growing number of research report positive effects of gamification, that is the introduction of game elements to non-game contexts, on stakeholder intentions and behaviors. Hence, gamification is proposed as an effective tool for organizations to educate their stakeholders about corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability-related topics. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the authors ask whether gamification can communicate matters of social and environmental concern. Based on three consecutive experimental studies, the authors show that there are boundary conditions to the effectiveness of gamified communication on stakeholder attitude, intention and behavior.FindingsThe authors find positive, negative and insignificant effects of gamification on pro-environmental attitude, intention and behavior. Based on these ambiguous results, the authors conclude with a call for more rigorous forms of designing gamified experiences to foster stakeholder learning and highlight and develop several such future research and engagement opportunities.Originality/valueThe study is the first to apply gamification to the context of corporate and in particular CSR communication. It is furthermore one of the first studies that actually research the effects of gamification empirically, and in controlled experimental conditions.

Kinetic Study of Catalytic Pyrolysis of C4 Hydrocarbons on a Modified ZSM-5 Zeolite Catalyst

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 6233-6238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianghai Meng ◽  
Chunming Xu ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Jinsen Gao
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst
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